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The Laryngoscope May 1977Head and neck neoplasms may invade the mediastinum by direct extension or metastases to the tracheoesophageal or jugulo-subclavian lymph nodes. The clavicles and...
Head and neck neoplasms may invade the mediastinum by direct extension or metastases to the tracheoesophageal or jugulo-subclavian lymph nodes. The clavicles and manubrium are a barrier to adequate resection in this type of disease. In 1962, the senior author reported six mediastinal dissections for stomal recurrences after laryngectomy. Later techniques for staging the removal of manubrium and clavicles and preparing the regional flaps were devised to avoid major complications arising from operating in this area which usually had prior treatment with radiation and/or surgery. Over 60 transsternal radical neck dissections have been performed in the past 20 years. We have in the past evaluated the morbidity and survivals in stomal cases and present here our revised indications and techniques.
Topics: Dissection; Esophageal Diseases; Glottis; Humans; Laryngectomy; Mediastinum; Recurrence; Tracheal Diseases
PubMed: 850453
DOI: 10.1002/lary.5540870510 -
PloS One 2015Peer-assisted learning encourages students to participate more actively in the dissection process and promotes thoughtful dissection. We implemented peer-assisted...
Peer-assisted learning encourages students to participate more actively in the dissection process and promotes thoughtful dissection. We implemented peer-assisted dissection in 2012 and compared its effects on students' self-assessments of learning and their academic achievement with those of faculty-led dissection. All subjects performed dissections after a lecture about upper-limb gross anatomy. Experimental group (n = 134) dissected a cadaver while guided by peer tutors who had prepared for the dissection in advance, and control group (n = 71) dissected a cadaver after the introduction by a faculty via prosection. Self-assessment scores regarding the learning objectives related to upper limbs were significantly higher in experimental group than in control group. Additionally, experimental group received significantly higher academic scores than did control group. The students in peer-assisted learning perceived themselves as having a better understanding of course content and achieved better academic results compared with those who participated in faculty-led dissection. Peer-assisted dissection contributed to self-perception and to the ability to retain and explain anatomical knowledge.
Topics: Adult; Anatomy; Cadaver; Comprehension; Dissection; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Female; Humans; Learning; Male; Models, Statistical; Peer Group; Perception; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 26565616
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142988 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Nov 2006The central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila larvae is complex and poorly understood. One way to investigate the CNS is to use immunohistochemistry to examine the...
The central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila larvae is complex and poorly understood. One way to investigate the CNS is to use immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of various novel and marker proteins. Staining of whole larvae is impractical because the tough cuticle prevents antibodies from penetrating inside the body cavity. In order to stain these tissues it is necessary to dissect the animal prior to fixing and staining. In this article we demonstrate how to dissect Drosophila larvae without damaging the CNS. Begin by tearing the larva in half with a pair of fine forceps, and then turn the cuticle "inside-out" to expose the CNS. If the dissection is performed carefully the CNS will remain attached to the cuticle. We usually keep the CNS attached to the cuticle throughout the fixation and staining steps, and only completely remove the CNS from the cuticle just prior to mounting the samples on glass slides. We also show some representative images of a larval CNS stained with Eve, a transcription factor expressed in a subset of neurons in the CNS. The article concludes with a discussion of some of the practical uses of this technique and the potential difficulties that may arise.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Dissection; Drosophila melanogaster; Larva
PubMed: 18704179
DOI: 10.3791/85 -
The American Surgeon Jan 2008Dissection is being reduced--and even removed--from the medical curriculum in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the United States. Dissection's...
Dissection is being reduced--and even removed--from the medical curriculum in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the United States. Dissection's contribution to the curriculum is too important to be diminished. To understand the human body, students must dissect. To avoid anatomical complications, future surgeons need the knowledge they can gain from dissection. Cadavers reveal the uniqueness of each body and the body's strength and fragility, which cannot be learned from books or computers. Cadavers offer surgical skill-building opportunities and confrontation with death. For all its strengths, however, dissection alone does not teach everything the student needs to know. Other educational tools (books, CT and MRI, animation of developmental processes) successfully fill in gaps of knowledge. Surgeons and educators must recognize the threat that decreased dissection poses to our students and patients. They must take steps to support dissection in the medical curriculum or, if it has disappeared, to bring it back.
Topics: Dissection; Education, Medical; General Surgery; Humans
PubMed: 18274419
DOI: No ID Found -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Jul 2022Three-dimensional relationships within the limbic and paralimbic areas are often hard to grasp. Relevant anatomical structures exhibit a complicated architecture and...
BACKGROUND
Three-dimensional relationships within the limbic and paralimbic areas are often hard to grasp. Relevant anatomical structures exhibit a complicated architecture and connectivity and therefore surgical approaches targeting lesions or functional resections in this area pose a distinct challenge.
PURPOSE
To provide an educational, comprehensive, systematic and stepwise manual for the dissection and illustration of major limbic structures since there is a gap in the pertinent literature. Further, we aim to offer a thorough yet simplified roadmap for laboratory and intraoperative dissections.
METHODS
Twenty (20) normal adult, formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres were studied through the fiber dissection technique and under the microscope. Stepwise and in tandem medial to lateral and lateral to medial dissections were performed in all specimens aiming to reveal the morphology and spatial relationships of major limbic and paralimbic areas.
RESULTS
Fourteen (14) consecutive, discrete and easily reproducible laboratory anatomical steps are systematically described to reveal the intricate anatomy of the limbic and paralimbic structures and their main connections.
CONCLUSION
This study offers for the first time in the pertinent literature a focused, step-by-step laboratory manual for the dissection and illustration of the limbic and paralimbic structures. The overreaching goal is to supplement the novice and experienced anatomist and neurosurgeon with a thorough and systematic reference to facilitate laboratory or intraoperative dissections.
Topics: Adult; Cerebrum; Dissection; Humans; White Matter
PubMed: 35790536
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-022-02981-0 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Feb 2011The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lies at the back of the mammalian eye, just under the neural retina, which contains the photoreceptors (rods and cones). The RPE is...
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lies at the back of the mammalian eye, just under the neural retina, which contains the photoreceptors (rods and cones). The RPE is a monolayer of pigmented cuboidal cells and associates closely with the neural retina just above it. This association makes the RPE of great interest to researchers studying retinal diseases. The RPE is also the site of an in vivo assay of homology-directed DNA repair, the p(un )assay. The mouse eye is particularly difficult to dissect due to its small size (about 3.5mm in diameter) and its spherical shape. This article demonstrates in detail a procedure for dissection of the eye resulting in a whole mount of the RPE. In this procedure, we show how to work with, rather than against, the spherical structure of the eye. Briefly, the connective tissue, muscle, and optic nerve are removed from the back of the eye. Then, the cornea and lens are removed. Next, strategic cuts are made that result in significant flattening of the remaining tissue. Finally, the neural retina is gently lifted off, revealing an intact RPE, which is still attached to the underlying choroid and sclera. This whole mount can be used to perform the p(un) assay or for immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescent assessment of the RPE tissue.
Topics: Animals; Dissection; Eye; Mice; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Retinal Pigment Epithelium
PubMed: 21403630
DOI: 10.3791/2563 -
The Journal of Hand Surgery, European... Nov 2019This cadaveric study tested the feasibility of decompressing the ulnar nerve across the elbow percutaneously with a commercially available surgical dissection thread, a...
This cadaveric study tested the feasibility of decompressing the ulnar nerve across the elbow percutaneously with a commercially available surgical dissection thread, a guiding needle, hydrodissection and ultrasound guidance. We performed the procedure in 19 fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremities. Subsequently, we did an anatomical dissection of the specimens to visualize the extent of ulnar nerve decompression and the extent of damage to surrounding structures. The cubital tunnel and deep across the medial elbow were completely transected leaving the ulnar nerve fully decompressed in all cases. There was no evidence of direct injury to the ulnar nerve or adjacent neurovascular structures. A prerequisite knowledge of sonographic anatomy and experience with interventional ultrasound is essential. Future clinical studies should evaluate this technique's safety and efficacy compared with conventional ones.
Topics: Cadaver; Cubital Tunnel Syndrome; Decompression, Surgical; Dissection; Elbow; Humans; Needles; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 31189372
DOI: 10.1177/1753193419856591 -
Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 2022Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a demanding procedure requiring high level of expertise. ESD training programs incorporate procedures with live animal models....
BACKGROUND
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a demanding procedure requiring high level of expertise. ESD training programs incorporate procedures with live animal models. This study aimed to assess the early learning curve for performing ESD on live porcine models by endoscopists without any or with limited previous ESD experience.
METHODS
In a live porcine model ESD workshop, number of resections, completeness of the resections, en bloc resections, adverse events, tutor intervention, type of knife, ESD time and size of resected specimens were recorded. ESD speed was calculated.
RESULTS
A total of 70 procedures were carried out by 17 trainees. The percentage of complete resections, en bloc resections and ESD speed increased from the first to the latest procedures (88.2%-100%, 76.5%-100%, 8.6-31.4 mm2/min, respectively). The number of procedures in which a trainee needed tutor intervention and the number of adverse events also decreased throughout the procedures (4 to 0 and 6 to 0, respectively). During the workshop, when participants changed to a different type of knife, ESD speed slightly decreased (18.5 mm2/min to 17.0 mm2/min) and adverse events increased again (0-2).
CONCLUSIONS
Through successive procedures, complete resections, en bloc resections, and ESD speed improve whereas adverse events decrease, supporting the role of the live porcine model in the preclinical learning phase. Changing ESD knives has a momentarily negative impact on the learning curve.
Topics: Swine; Humans; Animals; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Learning Curve; Dissection; Models, Animal
PubMed: 34915487
DOI: 10.1159/000521429 -
Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Mar 2023The autopsy protocols in the work of the Greco-Roman physician Galen of Pergamum have so far primarily been examined from a literary and socio-historic point of view. An...
BACKGROUND
The autopsy protocols in the work of the Greco-Roman physician Galen of Pergamum have so far primarily been examined from a literary and socio-historic point of view. An analysis focused on the medical aspects is still incomplete.
OBJECTIVES
Which pathologic-anatomic competence do the Galenic section reports convey?
MATERIALS
The approximately 400 Galenic case histories were examined for anatomic and pathologic statements obtained during dissections of animals and men.
RESULTS
In 29 reports, anatomy and pathology issues are addressed. Most section reports can be found in the work On anatomical procedures (De anatomicis administrationibus). The texts do not follow a fixed structure. Galen is always the leading actor, observer, and analyst. Many interventions were performed in front of an audience. Monkeys were by far the most commonly dissected animals. Galen stayed away from little animals, because in his opinion their anatomy was not sufficiently similar to that of men. The post-mortem examination of human corpses with scientific intent was limited to victims of epidemics, armed conflicts, and accidents.
CONCLUSIONS
The dissection reports cover only part of Galen's pathologic expertise. The attractive public opening of animals earned him a large part of his reputation as a scientifically oriented physician. The dissection reports are an essential part of the collection of Galen's case histories and provide important detailed information on the history of anatomy and pathology in late antiquity.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Dissection; Physicians; Epidemics
PubMed: 36456750
DOI: 10.1007/s00292-022-01165-2 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Dec 2005The purpose of this study was to dissect various animal larynges in support of a proposal for a laryngeal dissection laboratory. It was found that although the bovine...
The purpose of this study was to dissect various animal larynges in support of a proposal for a laryngeal dissection laboratory. It was found that although the bovine larynx is larger than the human larynx, the anatomy is similar. Thirty-three bovine larynges were dissected by the author in various simulated phonosurgical and partial laryngectomy procedures. Following each procedure, the specimen was photographed for teaching purposes. The author concludes that dissecting bovine larynges offers a valuable aid to training in the field of laryngeal surgery. It is intended to apply these dissections in the form of a departmental surgical workshop.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dissection; Larynx; Otolaryngology; Teaching Materials
PubMed: 16354363
DOI: 10.1258/002221505775010841