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BioMed Research International 2018The surgical techniques currently available for penile reconstruction for trans-men with gender dysphoria present with multiple drawbacks and often fail to meet...
INTRODUCTION
The surgical techniques currently available for penile reconstruction for trans-men with gender dysphoria present with multiple drawbacks and often fail to meet patients' expectations. Literature reports three cases where penile transplantation has been performed for cis-men, with the last two cases being considered successful.
AIM
To determine whether an en bloc surgical dissection can be performed in a male cadaver, in order to include structures necessary for penile transplantation (from a deceased donor male) to a recipient with female genitalia in gender affirmation surgery.
METHOD
The study was conducted in the form of explorative dissections of the genital and pelvic regions of three male cadavers preserved in phenol-ethanol solution.
RESULTS
The first two dissections failed to explant adequately all the relevant structures. The third dissection, which was performed along the pubic arch and through the perineum, succeeded in explanting the relevant structures: it, in fact, allowed for identification and adequate transection of urethra, vessels, dorsal nerves, crura of corpora cavernosa, and bulb of corpus spongiosum, in en bloc explantation of male genitalia.
CONCLUSIONS
It is possible to explant the penis and associated vessels, nerves, and urethra en bloc from a cadaver. This study suggests a surgical technique for en bloc explantation aiming for transplantation of the penis from a cadaveric donor male to a recipient with female genitalia.
Topics: Cadaver; Dissection; Female; Gender Dysphoria; Humans; Male; Penis; Perineum; Transplantation; Penile Transplantation
PubMed: 29854779
DOI: 10.1155/2018/6754030 -
Gynecologic Oncology Jun 2009To assess the surgical anatomy knowledge of gynaecological oncology (GO) trainees and to evaluate the impact of a cadaveric dissection course on postgraduate surgical...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the surgical anatomy knowledge of gynaecological oncology (GO) trainees and to evaluate the impact of a cadaveric dissection course on postgraduate surgical training.
METHODS
An intensive 3-day cadaveric dissection course with illustrated lectures and supervised dissection, with a multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ) on surgical anatomy at the beginning and end of the course was organised in the Anatomy Facility of a London Medical School. Each cadaver was embalmed with a mixture of alcohol, phenol and glycerol ("soft-preserved") rather than fixed in formalin, to more closely preserve in vivo conditions of the body. There were ten dissecting delegates, two per cadaver. The delegates dissected the abdomen and pelvis with the emphasis on surgical approaches rather than the classical descriptive anatomy approaches. Delegates also completed a course evaluation.
RESULTS
Without negative marking, the mean initial MCQ score was 57%, and final mean score 64%. With negative marking, the mean initial score was 43%, and mean final score 53%. Delegates rated the course highly, would recommend it to other trainees and considered that such a course should be incorporated into subspecialty training.
CONCLUSION
The surgical anatomy knowledge of subspecialty trainees was weak but improved as a result of the dissection course. The most positive finding was the course evaluation. Postgraduate surgical training in GO would likely be enhanced by, and arguably requires, cadaveric dissection. "Soft-preserved" rather than formalin-fixed cadavers should be used.
Topics: Anatomy; Cadaver; Clinical Competence; Dissection; Education, Medical; Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Gynecology; Humans; Medical Oncology; Tissue Preservation
PubMed: 19282022
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.02.012 -
Vesalius : Acta Internationales... 2014Herophilus (c335 - c280 B.C.) was the founder of the school of anatomy of Alexandria, and was among the first physicians to conduct anatomical dissections in public. He...
Herophilus (c335 - c280 B.C.) was the founder of the school of anatomy of Alexandria, and was among the first physicians to conduct anatomical dissections in public. He made extraordinary anatomical discoveries and developed standards for measuring the flow of blood from the heart through the arteries. Erasistratus (c310- c250 B.C.) was a disciple and collaborator of Herophilus. He made important contributions in the study and teaching of human anatomy and carried out research at the Museum of Alexandria.
Topics: Anatomy; Blood Circulation; Dissection; Greece, Ancient; History, Ancient; Humans; Turkey
PubMed: 25181783
DOI: No ID Found -
Sheng Li Xue Bao : [Acta Physiologica... Apr 2014Laboratory mice are common experimental animals in biological, medical, pharmacological and psychological researches primarily because they are easy to maintain and...
Laboratory mice are common experimental animals in biological, medical, pharmacological and psychological researches primarily because they are easy to maintain and reproduce quickly. The protection of the welfare of experimental animals is gaining greater attention during the application of a large number of mice. It's therefore essential to consider how to reduce the unnecessary use of animals and fully exploit each experimental animal. We report, in this article, an efficient way to dissect various brain regions from a mouse for protein immunoblot and/or neuronal culture, providing technical reference information for minimizing the number of animals used in projects, and refining methods and procedures to quick brain dissection.
Topics: Animal Welfare; Animals; Brain; Dissection; Mice
PubMed: 24777412
DOI: No ID Found -
World Neurosurgery Apr 2017Ideal tumor resection requires brain/spinal cord tumor interface separation in perfect and precise surgical planes within a few micrometers for radical tumor resection...
BACKGROUND
Ideal tumor resection requires brain/spinal cord tumor interface separation in perfect and precise surgical planes within a few micrometers for radical tumor resection and maximum normal tissue preservation. Despite the availability of several dissection techniques, the search for additional alternatives and an ideal technique continues. We evaluated the feasibility and advantages of dissection using a No. 15-blade scalpel in special brain tumor surgery situations. We developed a leaf model wherein its outer layer is progressively dissected from its inner skeleton using a scalpel. An additional model used was a tomato wherein its skin was peeled off its pulp using the same technique.
OBJECTIVE
We developed an inexpensive leaf model. A scalpel knife was used in a microneurosurgical setting, and the leaf's outer layer is peeled off. The technique is then used in an operating room setup where surgery on extra-axial tumors like meningiomas and intra-axial brain and spinal cord tumors is done.
METHODS
A No. 15 scalpel was used for dissection between the layers of the Peltophorum pterocarpum leaf model. This dissection method was compared with other neurosurgical dissecting tools.
RESULTS
We dissected 120-μm thick leaves into 2 layers with removal of an 18- to 55-μm thick layer. Leaving behind a transparent layer was possible using a No. 15 blade scalpel. Similarly, it was possible to preserve a 35- to 40-μm thick arachnoid layer that separated a meningioma from the underlying brain parenchyma.
CONCLUSION
A scalpel with a sharp edge could be used to perform precise and fine dissection. The scalpel deserves to occupy a place of pride as a dissecting tool in neurosurgery.
Topics: Biomimetic Materials; Brain Neoplasms; Dissection; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Neurosurgical Procedures; Plant Leaves; Spinal Neoplasms
PubMed: 28137543
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.01.053 -
Laboratory Animals Oct 1981A rapid rate of isolation of molar-tooth germs from rodents aged from 19 embryonic days to 7 days postnatal can be achieved. The procedure is of direct application to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A rapid rate of isolation of molar-tooth germs from rodents aged from 19 embryonic days to 7 days postnatal can be achieved. The procedure is of direct application to biochemical studies of odontogenesis where relatively large amounts of tissue are often required. The quality of dissection, assessed by morphological and organ culture criteria, extends the application of this procedure to general use in the isolation of molar-tooth germs from rodents.
Topics: Animals; Dissection; Muridae; Tooth Germ
PubMed: 7341848
DOI: 10.1258/002367781780952870 -
Acta Neurochirurgica. Supplement 2019The craniovertebral junction is an intricate anatomical region frequently affected by neoplastic, vascular, traumatic, congenital and degenerative pathology. Because the...
The craniovertebral junction is an intricate anatomical region frequently affected by neoplastic, vascular, traumatic, congenital and degenerative pathology. Because the topography of this region is complex, direct knowledge and full mastery of craniocervical anatomy is mainly obtained through anatomical dissections performed in neuroanatomical laboratories.
Topics: Cervical Vertebrae; Dissection; Humans; Neurosurgical Procedures; Skull Base
PubMed: 30610297
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62515-7_3 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE May 2009With the goal of understanding how nervous systems produce activity and respond to the environment, neuroscientists turn to model systems that exhibit the activity of...
With the goal of understanding how nervous systems produce activity and respond to the environment, neuroscientists turn to model systems that exhibit the activity of interest and are accessible and amenable to experimental methods. The stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the American lobster (Homarus americanus; also know was the Atlantic or Maine lobster) has been established as a model system for studying rhythm generating networks and neuromodulation of networks. The STNS consists of 3 anterior ganglia (2 commissural ganglia and an oesophageal ganglion), containing modulatory neurons that project centrally to the stomatogastric ganglion (STG). The STG contains approximately 30 neurons that comprise two central pattern generating networks, the pyloric and gastric networks that underlie feeding behaviors in crustaceans(1,2). While it is possible to study this system in vivo(3), the STNS continues to produce its rhythmic activity when isolated in vitro. Physical isolation of the STNS in a dish allows for easy access to the somata in the ganglia for intracellular electrophysiological recordings and to the nerves of the STNS for extracellular recordings. Isolating the STNS is a two-part process. The first part, dissecting the stomach from the animal, is described in an accompanying video article(4). In this video article, fine dissection techniques are used to isolate the STNS from the stomach. This procedure results in a nervous system preparation that is available for electrophysiological recordings.
Topics: Animals; Dissection; Nephropidae; Nervous System; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 19483669
DOI: 10.3791/1171 -
ANZ Journal of Surgery Dec 2008Monopolar diathermy is employed widely in surgery, but detailed examination of its use reveals that the full potential of the instrument as a dissecting tool is not...
Monopolar diathermy is employed widely in surgery, but detailed examination of its use reveals that the full potential of the instrument as a dissecting tool is not always realised. Two factors compromise its use for accurate dissection: 1) the location and control of the hand control buttons; and 2) use of a needle point. This review demonstrates how the foot control (by allowing the instrument to be held closer to the tissues) and the round-tipped spatula end (by allowing blunt dissection without having to change instruments) can markedly increase the precision and efficiency of operative dissection.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Cognition; Dissection; Electrocoagulation; Humans; Learning; Motor Skills; Perception; Psychomotor Performance; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 19087055
DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2008.04763.x -
Anatomical Record. Part B, New Anatomist Jul 2004Anxiety is an emotional reaction frequently shown by students when a human cadaver is being dissected. Nonetheless, few studies analyze the nature of the anxiety...
Anxiety is an emotional reaction frequently shown by students when a human cadaver is being dissected. Nonetheless, few studies analyze the nature of the anxiety response in this situation and the ones that do exist are mainly limited to English-speaking countries. Our research has three aims: to study the characteristic anxiety reaction to dissection practices, to determine the weight exerted by internal and environmental variables on this anxiety reaction, and to design practices aimed at reducing the state of anxiety experienced by pupils in their human anatomy practices. The studies were carried out in the dissection room of the Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology II at the Faculty of Medicine of the Complutense University, Madrid, during the 3 academic years 2000-2003. The anxiety response to the first dissection of a human cadaver is mainly determined by a situation considered to be threatening, with novelty as its main characteristic. The students' anxiety response is first determined by the situation itself and reactions depend on individual differences. Repeated or gradual exposure (detailed verbal information on the situation, visits to dissecting rooms when no cadaver is present, videos showing pictures of human dissections, etc.) before carrying out the first dissection reduce the students' anxiety response.
Topics: Anatomy; Anxiety; Cadaver; Dissection; Education, Medical; Humans
PubMed: 15278938
DOI: 10.1002/ar.b.20022