-
Clinics in Perinatology Mar 2021Neuroblastoma accounts for approximately 8% of all pediatric cancers, with 5% diagnosed during the neonatal period. Despite the disproportionate contribution of... (Review)
Review
Neuroblastoma accounts for approximately 8% of all pediatric cancers, with 5% diagnosed during the neonatal period. Despite the disproportionate contribution of neuroblastoma to childhood cancer deaths, neonatal neuroblastoma has a favorable prognosis, often with little or no therapy required. Therefore, minimizing therapy and mitigating complications/toxicities are emphasized, including using a watch-and-wait approach for patients at low risk for disease progression/relapse. However, stage MS neuroblastoma exhibits a unique pattern of disseminated disease, can be challenging to manage, and may require early intervention with systemic chemotherapy. In this review, the epidemiology, treatment options, and anticipated outcomes for neonatal neuroblastoma are discussed.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Neoplasm Staging; Neuroblastoma; Prognosis
PubMed: 33583499
DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2020.11.006 -
Pediatric Radiology Apr 2023Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid malignancy of childhood. The prognosis is highly variable ranging from spontaneous involution in infants to fatal... (Review)
Review
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid malignancy of childhood. The prognosis is highly variable ranging from spontaneous involution in infants to fatal outcome, despite aggressive treatment, in disseminated high-risk neuroblastoma. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the crucial role of imaging during the extensive treatment course.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Diagnostic Imaging; Neuroblastoma; Prognosis
PubMed: 36063183
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05489-2 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Jul 1997Neuroblastoma, a tumor of primitive neuroectodermal cells, is one of the most common solid malignancies of neonates. Placental metastases have been described in rare... (Review)
Review
Neuroblastoma, a tumor of primitive neuroectodermal cells, is one of the most common solid malignancies of neonates. Placental metastases have been described in rare cases of congenital neuroblastoma, usually in association with hydrops fetalis, placentomegaly, and widespread disease in the neonate. We report a case in which the unexpected diagnosis of neuroblastoma was made based on the postnatal finding of tumor emboli confined to fetal vessels of the placenta. Radiation and chemotherapy were given based on this diagnosis, obviating the need for an invasive diagnostic procedure.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Neuroblastoma; Placenta
PubMed: 9240913
DOI: No ID Found -
Cirugia Pediatrica : Organo Oficial de... Jan 2023Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a rare oncological emergency. We report a pediatric neuroblastoma complicated with DIC which required...
BACKGROUND
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a rare oncological emergency. We report a pediatric neuroblastoma complicated with DIC which required thromboelastometry-guided surgery.
OBSERVATION
A 6-year-old female diagnosed with intermediate risk adrenal neuroblastoma developed tumor-related DIC after chemotherapy first cycle. She remained stable without clinical bleeding and emergent tumor resection guided by intraoperative-thromboelastometry was decided. DIC resolved early after surgery and complete remission was achieved.
CONCLUSION
Treatment of the underlying condition is critical to manage DIC. Thromboelastometry can guide goal-directed therapy, including surgery in pediatric patients. However, larger studies are needed to examine its applicability in different clinical settings, such as cancer related DIC.
Topics: Female; Humans; Child; Thrombelastography; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Neuroblastoma
PubMed: 36629349
DOI: 10.54847/cp.2023.01.20 -
Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology Jun 2013The nature of the angiogenic balance in neuroblastoma is complex, and a spectrum of angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors have been detected in neuroblastoma tumours.... (Review)
Review
The nature of the angiogenic balance in neuroblastoma is complex, and a spectrum of angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors have been detected in neuroblastoma tumours. The complex relationships between angiogenic cascade and anti-angiogenic agents in the tumour vascular phase have indicated that anti-angiogenesis can be considered as a strategy for the adjuvant therapy of neuroblastoma. The major goal is to establish if inhibition of angiogenesis is a realistic therapeutic strategy for inhibiting tumour cell dissemination and the formation of metastasis in neuroblastoma.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Immunotherapy; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neuroblastoma
PubMed: 23273512
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.11.004 -
Seminars in Pediatric Surgery Dec 2019Neuroblastoma is a heterogenous disease, with solid tumors arising in the adrenal gland or paraspinal regions in young children. Neuroblastoma is unique, with varied... (Review)
Review
Neuroblastoma is a heterogenous disease, with solid tumors arising in the adrenal gland or paraspinal regions in young children. Neuroblastoma is unique, with varied presentation and prognosis based on primary location and tumor stage. Tumor behavior and response to treatment ranges from spontaneous regression to disseminated, lethal disease depending on the individual biology of a patient's tumor. Stratification of the disease has changed, with patients now placed in low, intermediate, and high-risk categories depending on age, stage, and tumor biology. Long-term survival for the high-risk subset of patients with metastatic disease is <40% despite aggressive multimodal therapy. Derived from sympathoadrenal cells of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system, both malignant neuroblastoma and differentiated tumors have specialized norepinephrine transporter (NET) receptors which are naturally occurring in the sympathetic nervous system throughout the body. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is a norepinephrine analog that undergoes active uptake by NET receptors resulting in accumulation in neuroblastoma as well as tissues normally expressing the NET receptor. When radioiodine labeled, MIBG can be used for both diagnosis and treatment. This article describes the history of MIBG use in neuroblastoma, including its utility as an imaging modality for diagnosis as well as the varied ways in which is it included in the multimodal treatment algorithm.
Topics: 3-Iodobenzylguanidine; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Child; Humans; Neuroblastoma; Norepinephrine; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 31931960
DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2019.150859 -
Clinical Cancer Research : An Official... Jan 2020Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) serve as noninvasive tumor biomarkers in many types of cancer. Our aim was to detect CTCs from patients with neuroblastoma for use as...
PURPOSE
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) serve as noninvasive tumor biomarkers in many types of cancer. Our aim was to detect CTCs from patients with neuroblastoma for use as predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
We collected matched blood and bone marrow samples from 40 patients with neuroblastoma to detect GD /CD45 neuroblastoma CTCs from blood and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) from bone marrow using the Imagestream Imaging flow cytometer (ISx). In six cases, circulating free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from plasma isolated from the CTC sample was analyzed by high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays.
RESULTS
CTCs were detected in 26 of 42 blood samples (1-264/mL) and DTCs in 25 of 35 bone marrow samples (57-291,544/mL). Higher numbers of CTCs in patients with newly diagnosed, high-risk neuroblastoma correlated with failure to obtain a complete bone marrow (BM) metastatic response after induction chemotherapy ( < 0.01). Nutlin-3 (MDM2 inhibitor) treatment of blood and BM increased p53 and p21 expression in CTCs and DTCs compared with DMSO controls. In five of six cases, cfDNA analyzed by SNP arrays revealed copy number abnormalities associated with neuroblastoma.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to show that CTCs and DTCs are detectable in neuroblastoma using the ISx, with concurrently extracted cfDNA used for copy number profiling, and may be useful as pharmacodynamic biomarkers in early-phase clinical trials. Further investigation is required to determine whether CTC numbers are predictive biomarkers of BM response to first-line induction chemotherapy.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Marrow; DNA Copy Number Variations; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Imidazoles; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Neuroblastoma; Piperazines; Predictive Value of Tests; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2
PubMed: 31767563
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-0656 -
Journal of Surgical Oncology Jul 1985We describe, in a young boy, a case of neuroblastoma presenting only as a painless unilateral testicular mass. Clinical and laboratory evidence of disseminated...
We describe, in a young boy, a case of neuroblastoma presenting only as a painless unilateral testicular mass. Clinical and laboratory evidence of disseminated neuroblastoma was first apparent nine months after high orchiectomy. As far as we are aware this is the only reported instance of testicular neuroblastoma in the absence of disseminated disease. Discussion is directed to the possible explanations for this rare testicular lesion, and in addition, underlines the potential difficulties in the diagnosis of certain small cell tumors.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Castration; Child, Preschool; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neuroblastoma; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 4079401
DOI: 10.1002/jso.2930290315 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Dec 2004Angiogenesis is a biological process by which new capillaries are formed from preexisting vessels. It occurs in physiological and pathological conditions, such as... (Review)
Review
Angiogenesis is a biological process by which new capillaries are formed from preexisting vessels. It occurs in physiological and pathological conditions, such as tumors, where a specific turning point is the transition from the avascular to the vascular phase. Tumor angiogenesis depends mainly on the release by neoplastic cells of growth factors specific for endothelial cells able to stimulate the growth of the host's blood vessels. In neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor of infancy and childhood, angiogenesis also appears to play an important role in determining tumor phenotype. The nature of the angiogenic balance in neuroblastoma is complex, and a spectrum of angiogenesis stimulators, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and inhibitors, such as tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), have been detected in neuroblastoma tumors. Moreover, an increased production of MMP-2 and -9 has been also observed in advanced stages of tumor, favoring degradation of extracellular matrix and enhancing tumor dissemination. High tumor vascularity is correlated with widely disseminated disease, MYCN amplification, unfavorable histology, and poor outcome. In contrast, low tumor vascularity is associated with prognostically favorable features, such as a localized disease and favorable histology. It is becoming increasingly evident that agents that interfere with blood vessel formation also block tumor progression. Preclinical studies suggest that antiangiogenic strategies may be effective in the treatment of neuroblastoma. A major goal is the determination of whether inhibition of angiogenesis is a realistic way of inhibiting tumor cell dissemination and formation of metastasis in neuroblastoma.
Topics: Animals; Capillaries; Cell Line, Tumor; Disease Progression; Endothelium, Vascular; Extracellular Matrix; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Humans; Integrins; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neuroblastoma; Osteonectin; Osteopontin; Phenotype; Sialoglycoproteins; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 15650239
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1322.014 -
Cancer Jan 1996The overall survival of children with neuroblastoma remains less than 30% due to disease dissemination at the time of diagnosis. An animal model of neuroblastoma, with...
BACKGROUND
The overall survival of children with neuroblastoma remains less than 30% due to disease dissemination at the time of diagnosis. An animal model of neuroblastoma, with characteristics similar to those observed clinically in children, would be beneficial to investigations into the diverse biology of this tumor. The purpose of this study was (1) to develop a model of disseminated neuroblastoma in the nude rat by intracardiac injection of neuroblastoma cells derived from cell lines with different N-myc copy numbers; (2) to investigate the effect of age on tumor growth and dissemination; and (3) to assess progression of disease radiologically and correlate with autopsy findings.
METHODS
Nude rats (n = 38), 5-13 weeks of age, underwent intracardiac injection of the human neuroblastoma cell lines IMR-32 with amplified N-myc oncogene and SKNSH with 1 N-myc copy. The animals were observed for at least six weeks for the development of tumor. Twelve rodents injected with IMR-32 cells underwent imaging studies including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), skeletal radiographs, and indium-111(IN-111)-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid-D-Phe1-octreotide scintigraphy. Autopsies with standardized microscopic examinations were performed on all animals.
RESULTS
Most of the nude rats (95%) developed neuroblastoma following intracardiac injection of neoplastic cells. Disseminated tumor was evident in 66% of animals. Anatomic sites of neuroblastoma growth were similar to those observed clinically in children, including adrenal glands, paraspinal ganglia, bone, bone marrow, and skin, but no tumor was identified in the liver. Disseminated disease occurred in more animals injected with IMR-32 (78% of animals) than with SKNSH cells (34% of animals) (P < 0.05). Tumor spread appeared to be age dependent; only rodents 5-8 weeks old at the time of injection developed disseminated disease when compared with animals 9 weeks of age or older (P < 0.0001). Radioreceptor scintigraphy demonstrated only pericardial tumor; MRI identified pericardial, adrenal gland, and subcutaneous neoplasms; only skeletal radiographs detected neuroblastoma in cortical bone.
CONCLUSIONS
(1) Following intracardiac injection of human neuroblastoma cell lines into nude rats, a xenograft model of disseminated disease develops that closely parallels the malignant process in children. (2) Tumor dissemination is associated with the cell line that demonstrates N-myc amplification and with young age of the recipient at the time of injection. (3) Tumor growth and dissemination may be assessed radiologically. (4) This model of human malignancy may offer an opportunity to investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying tumor development and dissemination in advanced stage neuroblastoma.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Genes, myc; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neuroblastoma; Radionuclide Imaging; Rats; Rats, Nude; Transplantation, Heterologous; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 8625252
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960115)77:2<409::AID-CNCR26>3.0.CO;2-4