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Science China. Life Sciences Sep 2014Distant hybridization refers to crosses between two different species or higher-ranking taxa that enables interspecific genome transfer and leads to changes in... (Review)
Review
Distant hybridization refers to crosses between two different species or higher-ranking taxa that enables interspecific genome transfer and leads to changes in phenotypes and genotypes of the resulting progeny. If progeny derived from distant hybridization are bisexual and fertile, they can form a hybrid lineage through self-mating, with major implications for evolutionary biology, genetics, and breeding. Here, we review and summarize the published literature, and present our results on fish distant hybridization. Relevant problems involving distant hybridization between orders, families, subfamilies, genera, and species of animals are introduced and discussed, with an additional focus on fish distant hybrid lineages, genetic variation, patterns, and applications. Our review serves as a useful reference for evolutionary biology research and animal genetic breeding.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fishes; Hybridization, Genetic; Male
PubMed: 25091377
DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4707-1 -
Oral Oncology Sep 2012The incidence of distant metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is relatively low but remains a major determinant of prognosis and therefore an... (Review)
Review
The incidence of distant metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is relatively low but remains a major determinant of prognosis and therefore an important factor in clinical decision making. The most frequently involved sites for distant metastasis are the lung (approximately 70% of cases), followed by bone and liver. There are often conflicting reports on which parameters are risk factors for distant metastasis, but the most important predictive factors appear to be the site of the primary tumor (hypopharynx in particular), advanced T- and N-classification, histological grade and the ability to achieve locoregional disease control. Metastasis results from a selection of tumor cells that have acquired the properties to withstand multiple and often unfavorable circumstances and settle in distant organs. Most of these processes involve interaction between tumor cells, their microenvironment and host factors. Increasing knowledge of the biology of distant metastasis may result in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeted to this usually terminal stage for patients with HNSCC.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasm Metastasis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 22520054
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.03.013 -
Cancer Metastasis Reviews Dec 2007There is an urgent need to understand distant metastases in breast cancer as they are the most lethal form of recurrence and a major cause of mortality in patients. Some... (Review)
Review
There is an urgent need to understand distant metastases in breast cancer as they are the most lethal form of recurrence and a major cause of mortality in patients. Some predictors for distant metastases, including nodal status, tumor grade, and hormonal status, are useful in identifying patients at increased risk for distant metastases. Adjuvant endocrine therapy has been the treatment of choice for postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer, and some therapies have shown significant reductions in the risk of distant metastases. Skeletal metastases in breast cancer are treated with bisphosphonates with a certain level of success. With more new agents undergoing clinical trials, a thorough review of the specific and long-term safety of these agents is essential, as is a better understanding of the deterioration in the quality of life and cost concerns of patients who develop distant metastases. Gene-expression profiling is a new entrant in the field of distant metastases diagnosis, which is largely successful in defining gene signatures that predict the development of distant metastases. This review will discuss the biology and the impact of distant metastases on outcomes for patients with breast cancer; it also encompasses the current status, emerging focus, and future perspectives in treatment of skeletal metastases in patients with breast cancer.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Health Care Costs; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Quality of Life
PubMed: 17823779
DOI: 10.1007/s10555-007-9085-8 -
Reproduction (Cambridge, England) Jun 2020Distant hybridization refers to the cross between two different species or higher-ranking taxa. It is very significant if the new lineages with genetic variation,... (Review)
Review
Distant hybridization refers to the cross between two different species or higher-ranking taxa. It is very significant if the new lineages with genetic variation, fertile ability, and improved characteristics can be established through distant hybridization. However, reproductive barriers are key limitations that must be overcome to establish fertile lineages derived from distant hybridization. In the present review, we discussed how distant hybridization is an important way to form new species by overcoming reproductive barriers and summarized effective measures to overcome reproductive barriers in order to create fertile lineages of fish distant hybridization. In addition, we described the utilization of the fish lineages derived from distant hybridization. Finally, we discussed the relationship between distant hybridization and Mendel's laws, which generally apply to the inbred hybridization. We aim to provide a comprehensive reference for the establishment of fertile fish lineages by overcoming reproductive barriers and to emphasize the significance of fish distant hybridization in the fields of evolutionary biology, reproductive biology, and genetic breeding.
Topics: Animals; Breeding; Fertility; Fishes; Hybridization, Genetic; Reproduction
PubMed: 32191917
DOI: 10.1530/REP-19-0576 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jan 2022Infection in the mouth causes systemic and distant organ changes in dogs. This article summarizes the information available. Reported changes include an increase in... (Review)
Review
Infection in the mouth causes systemic and distant organ changes in dogs. This article summarizes the information available. Reported changes include an increase in liver-generated acute-phase proteins in response to the infectious insult to the body and evidence of microscopic changes in renal, hepatic, and cardiac tissues. Treatment of periodontal infection results in a decrease in the acute-phase protein concentration, which supports the hypothesis that a cause-and-effect relationship exists between periodontal infection and distant organ changes.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Kidney; Liver; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 34838247
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.09.004 -
Oral Diseases Oct 2019To characterize the incidence and survivals of patients with distant metastases in newly diagnosed tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize the incidence and survivals of patients with distant metastases in newly diagnosed tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients with distant metastases in newly diagnosed tongue squamous cell carcinoma were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Data were classified by sex, age, race, insurance status, T stage, N stage and grade. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression were used to demonstrate risk factors of the presence of distant metastases and hazards related to mortality, respectively.
RESULTS
We found 92 patients with distant metastases in newly diagnosed tongue squamous cell carcinoma, including lung, bone, liver, and brain, representing 1.08% of the entire cohort. 69 were male and 23 were female. Median survival among patients with distant metastases was 4.0 months.
CONCLUSION
The study describes the incidence and prognosis of patients with distant metastases in newly diagnosed tongue squamous cell carcinoma based on population estimates. The findings lend support to closely monitor the development of distant metastases among patients with predictors at the time of diagnosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Neoplasms; Brain Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; China; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Incidence; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Survival Analysis; Tongue Neoplasms
PubMed: 31206925
DOI: 10.1111/odi.13147 -
European Journal of Pain (London,... Oct 2015One in four people suffers from chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). Acupuncture points stimulation is increasingly used for pain relief for CMP. Commonly, a combination... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
One in four people suffers from chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). Acupuncture points stimulation is increasingly used for pain relief for CMP. Commonly, a combination of local and distant points is used. However, the difference between the effects of local and distant point stimulation is unknown. This systematic review aimed to determine if there was a difference in effects between stimulating local and distant points, and the combination of both when compared with either alone. English and Chinese electronic databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials, where local or distant points were stimulated in adults with CMP. Pain intensity was the primary outcome measure. Nineteen were included in the qualitative analysis and 15 in the meta-analysis. Local and distant point stimulation was more effective than their respective controls in pain reduction immediately after treatment. Three studies directly compared the stimulation of local and distant points and found no significant difference between the two. No studies compared combined local and distant point stimulation with either alone. Subgroup analyses showed that, local tender point stimulation was more effective than local acupuncture points. Local and distant point stimulation induces similar degree of acupuncture analgesia. The benefit of combining local and distant point stimulation is unknown. However, subgroup analyses suggested that local tender points could be important in the treatment of CMP for short-term pain relief.
Topics: Acupuncture Analgesia; Acupuncture Points; Chronic Pain; Humans; Musculoskeletal Pain
PubMed: 25690699
DOI: 10.1002/ejp.671 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023Distant metastasis from rectal cancer usually results in poorer survival and quality of life, so early identification of patients at high risk of distant metastasis from...
BACKGROUND
Distant metastasis from rectal cancer usually results in poorer survival and quality of life, so early identification of patients at high risk of distant metastasis from rectal cancer is essential.
METHOD
The study used eight machine-learning algorithms to construct a machine-learning model for the risk of distant metastasis from rectal cancer. We developed the models using 23867 patients with rectal cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2017. Meanwhile, 1178 rectal cancer patients from Chinese hospitals were selected to validate the model performance and extrapolation. We tuned the hyperparameters by random search and tenfold cross-validation to construct the machine-learning models. We evaluated the models using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC), decision curve analysis, calibration curves, and the precision and accuracy of the internal test set and external validation cohorts. In addition, Shapley's Additive explanations (SHAP) were used to interpret the machine-learning models. Finally, the best model was applied to develop a web calculator for predicting the risk of distant metastasis in rectal cancer.
RESULT
The study included 23,867 rectal cancer patients and 2,840 patients with distant metastasis. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, differentiation grade, T-stage, N-stage, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tumor deposits, perineural invasion, tumor size, radiation, and chemotherapy were-independent risk factors for distant metastasis in rectal cancer. The mean AUC value of the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) model in ten-fold cross-validation in the training set was 0.859. The XGB model performed best in the internal test set and external validation set. The XGB model in the internal test set had an AUC was 0.855, AUPRC was 0.510, accuracy was 0.900, and precision was 0.880. The metric AUC for the external validation set of the XGB model was 0.814, AUPRC was 0.609, accuracy was 0.800, and precision was 0.810. Finally, we constructed a web calculator using the XGB model for distant metastasis of rectal cancer.
CONCLUSION
The study developed and validated an XGB model based on clinicopathological information for predicting the risk of distant metastasis in patients with rectal cancer, which may help physicians make clinical decisions. rectal cancer, distant metastasis, web calculator, machine learning algorithm, external validation.
PubMed: 37655097
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1235121 -
Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) Jan 2008Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Survival from breast cancer is improving, but distant metastases remain the most common type of... (Review)
Review
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Survival from breast cancer is improving, but distant metastases remain the most common type of breast cancer recurrence, resulting in more than 40,000 deaths per year in the USA alone. Distant metastases are associated with the poorest outcomes when compared with loco-regional or contralateral recurrences and are also associated with greater health care costs and diminished quality of life. The risk of distant metastases increases with larger primary tumor size, lymph node positive cancer, higher tumor grade, and prior loco-regional recurrence. Yet, even patients with minimal risk factors may develop distant metastases. Thus, reducing the development of such relapses is an important goal in adjuvant therapy. As the development of distant metastases has been consistently associated with eventual mortality from breast cancer, a reduction in distant metastases may serve as a better surrogate marker for overall survival and provide earlier results from clinical trials testing new types of adjuvant therapy.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; United States; Women's Health
PubMed: 18279764
DOI: 10.1016/S0960-9776(08)70002-X -
Cancers Nov 2022Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is derived from follicular thyroid cells and is associated with high mortality risk. Obtaining information to characterize ATC is...
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is derived from follicular thyroid cells and is associated with high mortality risk. Obtaining information to characterize ATC is difficult because ATC with distant metastasis is extremely rare. This study determined the clinical characteristics of ATC with distant metastasis. The medical records of 152 patients with ATC at Gangnam Severance Hospital were reviewed between January 2004 and March 2022. The primary endpoint was the overall survival of the total patient sample, patients with ATC and distant metastasis, and those with ATC and brain metastasis. Of the 152 patients with ATC, 88 had distant metastasis at diagnosis. The 5-year disease-specific survival was 24% for total ATC and 10% for ATC with distant metastasis. Survival for >1 year was 32% for total ATC and 15% for ATC with distant metastasis. The median survival rate differed significantly between the total ATC and ATC with distant metastasis groups (228.5 vs. 171 days). Among the ATC cases, 11% had brain metastasis; thus, brain MRI or CT is worth considering at diagnosis and follow-up, even if there were no statistical difference in overall survival between patients with ATC with and without brain metastasis.
PubMed: 36497268
DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235784