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Food & Function Jan 2024The microecological stability of the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in both preventing and treating colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigated whether CBT...
The microecological stability of the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in both preventing and treating colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigated whether CBT (LP-CBT) prevents CRC by inducing alterations in the gut microbiota composition and associated metabolites. The results showed that LP-CBT inhibited colorectal tumorigenesis in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-treated mice by repairing the intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, LP-CBT decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, LP-CBT remodeled intestinal homeostasis by increasing probiotics (, , and ) and reducing harmful bacteria (, , , , , , , , , ), significantly influencing arginine biosynthesis. Therefore, LP-CBT treatment regulated invertases and metabolites associated with the arginine pathway (carbamoyl phosphate, carboxymethyl proline, L-lysine, 10,11-epoxy-3-geranylgeranylindole, -(6)-[(indol-3-yl)acetyl]-L-lysine, citrulline, 2-succinyl-L-ornithine, and (5-L-glutamyl)-L-glutamate). Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of LP-CBT on colorectal cancer was further confirmed using the MC38 subcutaneous tumor model. Collectively, these findings offer compelling evidence supporting the potential of LP-CBT as a viable preventive strategy against CRC.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lysine; Cytokines; Metabolome; Colorectal Neoplasms; Arginine; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Colitis; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 38164977
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04806c -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Syndromic surveillance has been an important driver for the incorporation of "big data analytics" into animal disease surveillance systems over the past decade. As the...
Syndromic surveillance has been an important driver for the incorporation of "big data analytics" into animal disease surveillance systems over the past decade. As the range of data sources to which automated data digitalization can be applied continues to grow, we discuss how to move beyond questions around the means to handle volume, variety and velocity, so as to ensure that the information generated is fit for disease surveillance purposes. We make the case that the value of data-driven surveillance depends on a "needs-driven" design approach to data digitalization and information delivery and highlight some of the current challenges and research frontiers in syndromic surveillance.
PubMed: 36777675
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1114800 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023The Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA) is working on implementing reusable and adaptable workflows for epidemiological analysis and dynamic report generation to...
The Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA) is working on implementing reusable and adaptable workflows for epidemiological analysis and dynamic report generation to improve disease surveillance. Important components of this work include: data access, development environment, computational resources and cloud-based management. The development environment relies on Git for code collaboration and version control and the R language for statistical computing and data visualization. The computational resources include both local and cloud-based systems, with automatic workflows managed in the cloud. The workflows are designed to be flexible and adaptable to changing data sources and stakeholder demands, with the ultimate goal to create a robust infrastructure for the delivery of actionable epidemiological information.
PubMed: 36846250
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1129863 -
MBio Dec 2022The gut microbiome is involved in metabolic disorders. Osteopontin (OPN), as a key cytokine, contributes to various inflammation-related diseases. The underlying role of...
The gut microbiome is involved in metabolic disorders. Osteopontin (OPN), as a key cytokine, contributes to various inflammation-related diseases. The underlying role of OPN in the microbiome remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether OPN could modulate metabolic disorders by affecting gut microbiota. In our present study, we found that the expression of OPN was elevated in individuals with obesity compared to that observed in healthy controls. There was a positive correlation between plasma OPN levels and body mass index (BMI) in humans. Moreover, OPN significantly exacerbated lipid accumulation and metabolic disorders in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Importantly, OPN significantly aggravated HFD-induced gut dysbiosis with a key signature profile. Fecal microbiota transplantation also supported the role of OPN in HFD-induced metabolic disorders in a microbiota-dependent manner. Moreover, the microbiome shift of OPN-deficient mice would be compensated to resemble those of wild-type mice by feeding with either OPN-containing milk or recombinant OPN protein . Furthermore, metagenomic analysis showed that OPN induced a higher abundance of and a lower abundance of , which were positively and negatively correlated with body weight, respectively. Indeed, the abundance of was significantly decreased after administration, suggesting that OPN may regulate the intestinal abundance of by reducing the colonization of . We further confirmed that OPN decreased the adhesion of to intestinal epithelial cells through the Notch signaling pathway. This study suggested that OPN could exacerbate HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions through the OPN-induced alteration of the gut microbiome. Therefore, OPN could be a potential therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. Gut microbiota are involved in metabolic disorders. However, microbiome-based therapeutic interventions are not always effective, which might be due to interference of the host factors. Here, we identified a strong positive correlation between OPN levels and BMI in humans. Next, we confirmed that OPN could aggravate high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice. Importantly, we found that fecal microbiota transplantation from OPN-deficient mice significantly alleviated metabolic disorders in WT mice. OPN directly induces the remodeling of the gut microbiota both and . These findings indicate that OPN could contribute to metabolic disorders by inducing an alteration of gut microbiota. OPN regulated the relative abundance of by decreasing the adhesion of to intestinal epithelial cells through the Notch signaling pathway. These data identify OPN as a potential pharmaceutical target for weight control and for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Diet, High-Fat; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Metabolic Diseases; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Osteopontin; Microbiota
PubMed: 36300928
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02531-22 -
Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) Aug 2009This article explores the role of breastfeeding in different aspects of vaccination in the first 6 months when infants are still developing: (1) pain management; (2)... (Review)
Review
AIM
This article explores the role of breastfeeding in different aspects of vaccination in the first 6 months when infants are still developing: (1) pain management; (2) immunomodulation of infants' vaccine responses; (3) metabolism of thimerosal.
METHODS
Major databases were searched for studies that addressed outcomes of related issues.
RESULTS
Studies reveal that breastfeeding can: (1) help mothers and infants to cope with the stressful situations that accompany parenteral vaccines; (2) improve response to vaccines in the still maturing immunologic and enterohepatic systems of infants; (3) influence physiologic parameters that can change metabolism of ethylmercury derived from some vaccines.
CONCLUSION
Health promotion that supports vaccinations should also emphasize early initiation and maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding up until 6 months for maximum protection of the infants with a possible beneficial effect on the vaccine response. Paediatric professionals should inform mothers of the proven benefits of breastfeeding and its importance in complementing vaccination and lowering stress and the risk of untoward reactions on susceptible infants.
Topics: Allergens; Breast Feeding; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human; Pain; Pain Management; Stress, Psychological; Thimerosal; Vaccination; Vaccines
PubMed: 19594471
DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01345.x -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Puerarin, daidzein C-glucoside, was known to be biotransformed to daidzein by human intestinal bacteria, which is eventually converted to (S)-equol. The metabolic...
Puerarin, daidzein C-glucoside, was known to be biotransformed to daidzein by human intestinal bacteria, which is eventually converted to (S)-equol. The metabolic pathway of puerarin to daidzein by DgpABC of Dorea sp. PUE strain was reported as puerarin (1) → 3''-oxo-puerarin (2) → daidzein (3) + hexose enediolone (C). The second reaction is the cleavage of the glycosidic C-C bond, supposedly through the quinoid intermediate (4). In this work, the glycosidic C-C bond cleavage reaction of 3''-oxo-puerarin (2) was theoretically studied by means of DFT calculation to elucidate chemical reaction mechanism, along with biochemical energetics of puerarin metabolism. It was found that bioenergetics of puerarin metabolism is slightly endergonic by 4.99 kcal/mol, mainly due to the reaction step of hexose enediolone (C) to 3''-oxo-glucose (A). The result implied that there could be additional biochemical reactions for the metabolism of hexose enediolone (C) to overcome the thermodynamic energy barrier of 4.59 kcal/mol. The computational study focused on the C-C bond cleavage of 3''-oxo-puerarin (2) found that formation of the quinoid intermediate (4) was not accessible thermodynamically, rather the reaction was initiated by the deprotonation of 2''C-H proton of 3''-oxo-puerarin (2). The 2''C-dehydro-3''-oxo-puerarin (2a2C) anionic species produced hexose enediolone (C) and 8-dehydro-daidzein anion (3a8), and the latter quickly converted to daidzein through the daidzein anion (3a7). Our study also explains why the reverse reaction of C-glycoside formation from daidzein (3) and hexose enediolone (C) is not feasible.
Topics: Humans; Isoflavones; Glucosides; Equol; Glucose; Cardiac Glycosides; Models, Theoretical
PubMed: 37770535
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43379-1 -
Environmental Research Jun 2021This review covers a wide body of literature to gain an understanding of the impacts of informal activities related to metal extraction (primary mining and recycling) on... (Review)
Review
Neurodevelopment and exposure to neurotoxic metal(loid)s in environments polluted by mining, metal scrapping and smelters, and e-waste recycling in low and middle-income countries.
This review covers a wide body of literature to gain an understanding of the impacts of informal activities related to metal extraction (primary mining and recycling) on early life exposure to neurotoxicants and on neurodevelopment. In primary mining, gold extraction with Hg amalgamation is the main environmental cause of Hg pollution in most artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities around the world. Nevertheless, in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Pb disrupted from gold-related ores, mining, and artisanal cookware production are an important neurotoxicant that seriously contaminates the affected population, with devastating effects on children. In e-waste recycling settings, the range of neurotoxic substances that contaminate mothers and children is wider than in primary mining environments. Thus, Hg and Pb are major pre- and postnatal neurotoxicants affecting children in the informal metal extraction activities and SSA countries show the highest record of human contamination and of neurotoxic effects on children. There are additional sources of neurotoxic contamination from mining and metal processing activities (cyanide tailing in South America and SSA) and/or co-exposure to Hg-containing products such as cosmetics (soaps and Hg-based skin lightning creams in Africa) and pediatric Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs, that breaks down to ethyl-mercury) in current use in middle and low income countries. However, the action of these neurotoxicants (per se or in combination) on children needs more attention and research. Studies show a negative association between biomarkers of all environmental metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Hg, Mn, and Pb) studied and neurodevelopment in young children. Sadly, in many unregulated activities, child labor is widely employed, thus presenting an additional occupational exposure. Children living in polluted environments related to metal processing are disproportionately exposed to a wide range of co-occurring neurotoxic substances. The review showed compelling evidence from highly representative parts of the world (Africa, Asia, and Latin America) that the studied neurotoxic substances negatively affected areas of the brain associated with language, memory and executive function, as well as psychosocial behavior. Protecting the environment and children from unregulated and highly polluting metal extraction and processing are inextricably intertwined and deserve urgent attention.
Topics: Africa; Asia; Child; Child, Preschool; Developing Countries; Electronic Waste; Environmental Monitoring; Gold; Humans; Latin America; Mercury
PubMed: 33861977
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111124 -
GeroScience Apr 2024Microbiota composition has been linked to physical activity, health measures, and biological age, but a shared profile has yet to be shown. The aim of this study was to...
Microbiota composition has been linked to physical activity, health measures, and biological age, but a shared profile has yet to be shown. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between microbiota composition and measures of function, such as a composite measure of physical capacity, and biological age in midlife, prior to onset of age-related diseases. Seventy healthy midlife individuals (age 44.58 ± 0.18) were examined cross-sectionally, and their gut-microbiota profile was characterized from stool samples using 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Biological age was measured using the Klemera-Doubal method and a composition of blood and physiological biomarkers. Physical capacity was calculated based on sex-standardized functional tests. We demonstrate that the women had significantly richer microbiota, p = 0.025; however, microbiota diversity was not linked with chronological age, biological age, or physical capacity for either women or men. Men had slightly greater β-diversity; however, β-diversity was positively associated with biological age and with physical capacity for women only (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04; respectively). For women, an increase in abundance of Roseburia faecis and Collinsella aerofaciens, as well as genus Ruminococcus and Dorea, was significantly associated with higher biological age and lower physical capacity; an increase in abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and genera Bacteroides and Alistipes was associated with younger biological age and increased physical capacity. Differentially abundant taxa were also associated with non-communicable diseases. These findings suggest that microbiota composition is a potential mechanism linking physical capacity and health status; personalized probiotics may serve as a new means to support health-promoting interventions in midlife. Investigating additional factors underlying this link may facilitate the development of a more accurate method to estimate the rate of aging.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Sex Characteristics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Exercise; Aging
PubMed: 37610596
DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00905-3 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Jul 2004Hg and Pb are of public health concern due to their toxic effects on vulnerable fetuses, persistence in pregnant and breast-feeding mothers, and widespread occurrence in... (Review)
Review
Hg and Pb are of public health concern due to their toxic effects on vulnerable fetuses, persistence in pregnant and breast-feeding mothers, and widespread occurrence in the environment. To diminish maternal and infant exposure to Hg and Pb, it is necessary to establish guidelines based on an understanding of the environmental occurrence of these metals and the manner in which they reach the developing human organism. In the present review, environmental exposure, acquisition and storage of these metals via maternal-infant interaction are systematically presented. Though Hg and Pb are dispersed throughout the environment, the risk of exposure to infants is primarily influenced by maternal dietary habits, metal speciation and interaction with nutritional status. Hg and Pb possess similar adverse effects on the central nervous system, but they have environmental and metabolic differences that modulate their toxicity and neurobehavioural outcome in infant exposure during fetal development. Hg is mainly found in protein matrices of animal flesh (especially fish and shellfish), whereas Pb is mainly found in osseous structures. The potential of maternal acquisition is higher and lasts longer for Pb than for Hg. Pb stored in bone has a longer half-life than monomethyl-mercury acquired from fish. Both metals appear in breast milk as a fraction of the levels found in maternal blood supplied to the fetus during gestation. Habitual diets consumed by lactating mothers pose no health hazard to breast-fed infants. Instead, cows' milk-based formulas pose a greater risk of infant exposure to neurotoxic substances.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Formula; Lead; Lead Poisoning; Mercury; Mercury Poisoning; Milk, Human; Risk Factors
PubMed: 15230985
DOI: 10.1079/BJN20041163 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Jun 2023Differences in gut bacteria that are associated with the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) exist between sexes, and males have a higher morbidity of...
Differences in gut bacteria that are associated with the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) exist between sexes, and males have a higher morbidity of CRC. Clinical data for the relationship between gut bacteria and sexes in patients with CRC are not available and are needed to support individualized screening and treatment programmes. To analyse the relationship between gut bacteria and sexes in patients with CRC. A total of 6 077 samples recruited by Fudan University's Academy of Brain Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology were included, and the gut bacteria composition mainly shows the top 30 genera. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) was used to analyse the differences in gut bacteria. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to demonstrate the relationship of discrepant bacteria. CRC risk prediction models were used to rank the importance of valid discrepant bacteria. and were the top three bacteria in males with CRC, while and were the top three bacteria in females with CRC. The abundance of gut bacteria (, , etc.) was higher in males with CRC compared with that in females with CRC. In addition, and were important CRC-related bacteria (<0.001). Finally, the importance of discrepant bacteria was ranked based on CRC risk prediction models. and were the top three important discrepant bacteria between males with CRC and females with CRC. The value of AUC was 1.0, the sensitivity was 92.0 %, the specificity was 68.4 %, and the accuracy was 83.3 % in the discovery set. Gut bacteria were correlated with sexes and CRC. It is necessary to consider gender when gut bacteria are used to treat and predict CRC.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Colorectal Neoplasms; Sex Characteristics; Artificial Intelligence; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Feces; Bacteria
PubMed: 37294282
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001706