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Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Nov 2010To compare epidemiological studies dealing with neurological issues (compatible with Hg toxicity) linked to exposing newborns and infants to intramuscular doses of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To compare epidemiological studies dealing with neurological issues (compatible with Hg toxicity) linked to exposing newborns and infants to intramuscular doses of preservative-Hg resulting from vaccination with thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCV).
METHODS
Major databases were searched for studies that addressed neurodevelopment outcomes other than autism. Eight studies were identified and compared.
RESULTS
Information extracted from the studies done in the USA, the UK, and Italy is important in understanding the complex interplay of variables but insufficient to establish non-toxicity for infants and young children still receiving TCV: a) there is ambiguity in some studies reporting neurodevelopment outcomes that seem to depend on confounding variables; b) the risk of neurotoxicity due to low doses of thimerosal is plausible at least for susceptible infants; c) there is a need to address these issues in less developed countries still using TCV in pregnant mothers, newborns, and young children.
CONCLUSIONS
Since the use of TCV is still inevitable in many countries, this increases the need to protect vulnerable infants and promote actions that strengthen neurodevelopment. Developing countries should intensify campaigns that include breastfeeding among efforts to help prime the central nervous system to tolerate exposure to neurotoxic substances, especially thimerosal-Hg.
Topics: Developmental Disabilities; Epidemiologic Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Pregnancy; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Thimerosal; Vaccines
PubMed: 20638374
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.07.008 -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Oct 2020
SVEPM 2019-Implications of pathogen and antimicrobial evolution on animal health, herd management and policy making, society for veterinary epidemiology and preventive medicine conference Utrecht, the Netherlands 27th-29th March 2019.
Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Congresses as Topic; Netherlands; Policy Making; Societies; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 32147105
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104821 -
Gut Microbes 2024Probiotics are exploited for adjuvant treatment in IBS, but reliable guidance for selecting the appropriate probiotic to adopt for different forms of IBS is lacking. We... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Probiotics are exploited for adjuvant treatment in IBS, but reliable guidance for selecting the appropriate probiotic to adopt for different forms of IBS is lacking. We aimed to identify markers for recognizing non-constipated (NC) IBS patients that may show significant clinical improvements upon treatment with the probiotic strain DG (LDG). To this purpose, we performed a post-hoc analysis of samples collected during a multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial in which NC-IBS patients were randomized to receive at least 24 billion CFU LDG or placebo capsules . for 12 weeks. The primary clinical endpoint was the composite response based on improved abdominal pain and fecal type. The fecal microbiome and serum markers of intestinal (PV1 and zonulin), liver, and kidney functions were investigated. We found that responders (R) in the probiotic arm (25%) differed from non-responders (NR) based on the abundance of 18 bacterial taxa, including the families , spp. and , which were overrepresented in R patients. These taxa also distinguished R (but not NR) patients from healthy controls. Probiotic intervention significantly reduced the abundance of these bacteria in R, but not in NR. Analogous results emerged for from the analysis of data from a previous trial on IBS with the same probiotic. Finally, was positively correlated with the plasmalemmal vesicle associated protein-1 (PV-1) and the markers of liver function. In conclusion, LDG is effective on NC-IBS patients with NC-IBS with a greater abundance of potential pathobionts. Among these, has emerged as a potential predictor of probiotic efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Treatment Outcome; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Constipation; Probiotics; Eubacterium; Double-Blind Method; Diarrhea
PubMed: 38178601
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2298246 -
International Journal of Radiation... Feb 2023To explore the dynamic change of gut microbiota and its predictive role in progression-free survival (PFS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after concurrent... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
PURPOSE
To explore the dynamic change of gut microbiota and its predictive role in progression-free survival (PFS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Forty-one patients with NSCLC in 2 phase 2 trials (NCT02573506 and NCT03006575) were analyzed. A total of 102 fecal samples were collected at 3 time points (T0, before CCRT; T1, 2 weeks after the initiation of CCRT; and T2, the end of CCRT). Gut microbiota composition and functionality were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics, respectively. Alpha diversity, taxonomic composition, and KEGG functional pathways were compared between patients in the long-PFS group (PFS ≥11.0 months) and short-PFS group (PFS <11.0 months). A random forest classifier was constructed to identify microbial signature related to PFS. Clinical and microbial factors potentially predictive of PFS were assessed in the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS
The abundance of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria increased, while the abundance of Firmicutes decreased after CCRT. Shannon index (P = .006) and PD index (P = .022) were significantly higher in the long-PFS group than for those in the short-PFS group at T1. The PFS-prediction microbial signature at T1 included unclassified members of the Lanchospiraceae spp., such as NK4A136 and UCG-003 groups, Dorea sp., various strains from within the Eubacterium hallii and E. siraeum groups, and an unclassified member of the Muribaculaceae, which yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.87. These discriminatory genera mostly belong to phylum Firmicutes/family Clostridia. Multivariate analysis indicated PD index (HR = 8.036, P = .016) and the abundance of Dorea sp. at T1 (HR = 4.186, P = .043) were independent predictors of PFS. The KEGG pathways at T1 overrepresented in the long-PFS group included fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis. Those overrepresented in the short-PFS group included lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and biosynthesis of vancomycin group antibiotics.
CONCLUSIONS
Gut microbiota composition and functionality at 2 weeks after the initiation of CCRT were associated with PFS in NSCLC. Further research is needed to confirm these results.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Chemoradiotherapy; Fatty Acids; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lung Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35905860
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.032 -
European Journal of Endocrinology Jan 2018Bariatric surgery is recommended for patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recent evidence suggested a strong connection between gut microbiota and bariatric... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Bariatric surgery is recommended for patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recent evidence suggested a strong connection between gut microbiota and bariatric surgery.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
METHODS
The PubMed and OVID EMBASE were used, and articles concerning bariatric surgery and gut microbiota were screened. The main outcome measures were alterations of gut microbiota after bariatric surgery and correlations between gut microbiota and host metabolism. We applied the system of evidence level to evaluate the alteration of microbiota. Modulation of short-chain fatty acid and gut genetic content was also investigated.
RESULTS
Totally 12 animal experiments and 9 clinical studies were included. Based on strong evidence, 4 phyla (Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria) increased after surgery; within the phylum Firmicutes, Lactobacillales and Enterococcus increased; and within the phylum Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales Enterobacteriaceae and several genera and species increased. Decreased microbial groups were Firmicutes, Clostridiales, Clostridiaceae, Blautia and Dorea. However, the change in microbial diversity is still under debate. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lactobacillus and Coprococcus comes are implicated in many of the outcomes, including body composition and glucose homeostasis.
CONCLUSIONS
There is strong evidence to support a considerable alteration of the gut microbiome after bariatric surgery. Deeper investigations are required to confirm the mechanisms that link the gut microbiome and metabolic alterations in human metabolism.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Obesity; Postoperative Period
PubMed: 28916564
DOI: 10.1530/EJE-17-0403 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... May 2024To identify compositional differences in the gut microbiome of nonmyopes (NM) and myopes using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and to investigate whether the microbiome may...
PURPOSE
To identify compositional differences in the gut microbiome of nonmyopes (NM) and myopes using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and to investigate whether the microbiome may contribute to the onset or progression of the condition.
METHODS
Faecal samples were collected from 52 adult participants, of whom 23 were NM, 8 were progressive myopes (PM), and 21 were stable myopes (SM). The composition of the gut microbiota in each group was analysed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between the three groups (NM, PM, and SM). However, the distributions of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Megamonas, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, Dorea, Roseburia, and Blautia were significantly higher in the myopes (SM and PM combined) when compared with emmetropes. The myopes exhibited significantly greater abundance of bacteria that are linked to the regulation of dopaminergic signalling, such as Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides. Individuals with stable myopia were found to have a significantly higher proportion of Prevotella copri than those with progressive myopia. Bifidobacterium adolescentis, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing bacterium, was significantly higher in all myopes than in NM and, in the comparison between SM and PM, it is significantly higher in SM. B. uniformis and B. fragilis, both GABA-producing Bacteroides, were present in relatively high abundance in all myopes and in SM compared with PM, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of bacteria related to dopamine effect and GABA-producing bacteria in the gut microbiome of myopes may suggest a role of these microorganisms in the onset and progression of myopia.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Feces; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Myopia; Bacteria; Young Adult; Middle Aged; DNA, Bacterial
PubMed: 38691091
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.5.2 -
Environmental Research Oct 2003
Topics: Adult; Animals; Breast Feeding; Diet; Environmental Exposure; Female; Fishes; Food Contamination; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mercury; Milk, Human; Pesticides
PubMed: 12963394
DOI: 10.1016/s0013-9351(02)00095-6 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Feb 2000
Topics: Calcium; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Phosphorus; Postpartum Period; Time Factors
PubMed: 10696642
DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(99)00252-x -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Aug 2023Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and has therapeutic benefits. Thus, targeting the gut microbiota is a promising therapeutic...
Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and has therapeutic benefits. Thus, targeting the gut microbiota is a promising therapeutic approach for IBD treatment. We recently found that red cabbage juice (RCJ) ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The current study investigated the modulation of gut microbiota in response to treatment with RCJ to ameliorate the DSS colitis. The initial results demonstrated that mice treated with DSS + RCJ showed increased body weight and decreased diarrhea and blood in feces compared to the DSS alone group. RCJ ameliorated colitis by regulating the intestinal barrier function by reducing the number of apoptotic cells, improving colonic protective mucin, and increasing tight junction protein in RCJ + DSS groups compared to the DSS group. Short-gun metagenomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs)-producing bacteria CAG:303 5-2) increased PPAR-© activation, leading to repression of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signaling pathway, thus decreasing the production of crucial inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the RCJ + DSS groups compared to the DSS group. Pathway abundance analysis showed an increased abundance of the SCFA pathway, reduced histidine degradation ( ), and LCFA production in the RCJ+DSS treated group, suggesting the promotion of good colonic health. Furthermore, increased T-reg (FOXP3+) cells in the colon were due to SCFAs produced by the gut microbiota, which was corroborated by an increase in IL-10, a vital anti-inflammatory cytokine. Thus, our study provides the first evidence that RCJ ameliorates colonic inflammation by modulating the gut microbiota.
PubMed: 37662255
DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.23.554560 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2020The allicin diallyldisulfid--oxide, a major garlic organosulfur compound (OSC) in crushed garlic ( L.), possesses antibacterial effects, and influences gut bacteria. In...
The allicin diallyldisulfid--oxide, a major garlic organosulfur compound (OSC) in crushed garlic ( L.), possesses antibacterial effects, and influences gut bacteria. In this study, we made allicin-free garlic (AFG) extract and investigated its effects on gut microbiome. C57BL/6N male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups and fed normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with or without AFG in concentrations of 1% and 5% for 11 weeks. The genomic DNAs of feces were used to identify the gut microbiome by sequencing 16S rRNA genes. The results revealed that the ratio of p- to p- increased by aging and HFD was reduced by AFG. In particular, the f-, g-, and g- decreased by aging and HFD was enhanced by AFG. The g- increased by aging and HFD decreased by AFG. In addition, the ratio of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase to glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GPT/GOT) in serum was significantly increased in the HFD group and decreased by AFG. In summary, our data demonstrated that dietary intervention with AFG is a potential way to balance the gut microbiome disturbed by a high-fat diet.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bacteroidetes; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Disulfides; Firmicutes; Garlic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Plant Extracts; Sulfinic Acids; Verrucomicrobia
PubMed: 32033507
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030682