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Development (Cambridge, England) Sep 1991We have analyzed the contributions made by maternal and zygotic genes to the establishment of the expression patterns of four zygotic patterning genes: decapentaplegic...
We have analyzed the contributions made by maternal and zygotic genes to the establishment of the expression patterns of four zygotic patterning genes: decapentaplegic (dpp), zerknüllt (zen), twist (twi), and snail (sna). All of these genes are initially expressed either dorsally or ventrally in the segmented region of the embryo, and at the poles. In the segmented region of the embryo, correct expression of these genes depends on cues from the maternal morphogen dorsal (dl). The dl gradient appears to be interpreted on three levels: dorsal cells express dpp and zen, but not twi and sna; lateral cells lack expression of all four genes; ventral cells express twi and sna, but not dpp and zen. dl appears to activate the expression of twi and sna and repress the expression of dpp and zen. Polar expression of dpp and zen requires the terminal system to override the repression by dl, while that of twi and sna requires the terminal system to augment activation by dl. The zygotic expression patterns established by the maternal genes appear to specify autonomous domains that carry out independent developmental programs, insofar as mutations in the genes that are expressed ventrally do not affect the initiation or ontogeny of the expression patterns of the genes that are expressed dorsally, and vice versa. However, interactions between the zygotic genes specific to a particular morphological domain appear to be important for further elaboration of the three levels specified by dl. Two of the genes, dpp and twi, are unaffected by mutations in any of the tested zygotic dorsal-ventral genes, suggesting that dpp and twi are the primary patterning genes for dorsal ectoderm and mesoderm, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Blastoderm; Drosophila; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Mesoderm; Morphogenesis; Mutation; Phenotype
PubMed: 1765005
DOI: 10.1242/dev.113.1.35 -
Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Et... Aug 2021Rhinoplasty is one of the most commonly performed aesthetic surgeries among patients who are admitted to plastic surgeons. Recent research has focused on dorsal...
PURPOSE
Rhinoplasty is one of the most commonly performed aesthetic surgeries among patients who are admitted to plastic surgeons. Recent research has focused on dorsal preservation in hump reduction and consequently dorsal preservation techniques have become more popular. The current study aimed to revise the push down technique by adding ostectomy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
In the present retrospective study, data from patients who underwent rhinoplasty to fix a nasal hump were assessed. All patients were administered the push down technique with ostectomy. Following these inclusion and exclusion criteria, the records of 52 patients were assessed (45 females and 7 males). The median age of the patients was 22.2 years. Patients were evaluated using the "Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation" (ROE) questionnaire both before surgery and 12 months after surgery. The follow-up period ranged between 13 and 21 months (median of 15.1 months).
RESULTS
Patients were evaluated before surgery and after one year of surgery by the ROE scale. The median of the ROE score before surgery was 63.4. The median score after one year of surgery was 91.6. Thus, the ROE score significantly increased 12 months after surgery (P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
This study was the first to demonstrate the benefits of performing the push down technique with ostectomy in terms of obtaining a wider nasal cavity. In addition, it can be assumed that the disadvantage of using the push down technique can be overcome with ostectomy.
Topics: Adult; Esthetics; Female; Humans; Male; Nasal Septum; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Rhinoplasty; Young Adult
PubMed: 32978019
DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2020.08.004 -
Mechanisms of Development Nov 2006We have previously shown that lens regeneration from the pigmented epithelium of the dorsal iris in the adult newt eye proceeds in two steps after lens removal or...
We have previously shown that lens regeneration from the pigmented epithelium of the dorsal iris in the adult newt eye proceeds in two steps after lens removal or intraocular FGF2 injection. The FGF2-dependent proliferation of iris pigmented epithelium and activation of early lens genes that occur over the entire circumference of the iris comprise the first step, while subsequent dorsally confined lens development marks the second step. Here, we investigated the expression of Wnt and Wnt receptor Frizzled genes in lens-regenerating iris tissues. Wnt2b and Frizzled4 were activated only in the dorsal half of the iris in synchrony with the occurrence of the second step, whereas Wnt5a and Frizzled2 were activated in both halves throughout the period of the first and second steps. Cultured explants of the iris-derived pigmented epithelium in the presence of FGF2 underwent dorsal-specific lens development fully recapitulating the in vivo lens regeneration process. Under these conditions, Wnt inhibitors Dkk1, which specifically inhibits the canonical signal pathway, and/or sFRP1 repressed the lens development, while exogenous Wnt3a, which generally activates the canonical pathway like Wnt2b, stimulated lens development from the dorsal iris epithelium and even caused lens development from the ventral iris epithelium, albeit at a reduced rate. Wnt5a did not elicit lens development from the ventral epithelium. These observations indicate that dorsal-specific activation of Wnt2b determines the dorsally limited development of lens from the iris pigmented epithelium.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Epithelium; Frizzled Receptors; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Iris; Lens, Crystalline; Pigmentation; Regeneration; Salamandridae; Signal Transduction; Tissue Culture Techniques; Wnt Proteins
PubMed: 17030116
DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2006.08.009 -
The Journal of Hand Surgery Jul 2013To investigate in vivo 3-dimensional patterns of dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity resulting from scapholunate dissociation.
PURPOSE
To investigate in vivo 3-dimensional patterns of dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity resulting from scapholunate dissociation.
METHODS
We studied 6 patients with stage IV scapholunate dissociation in which there were complete tears of the scapholunate interosseous ligament and dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity. Of these, 3 patients had a dorsally displaced distal radius malunion, a condition known to aggravate or produce a dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity. With the wrist in neutral, we created 3-dimensional bone models of the wrists from computed tomography. We calculated centroid locations of each carpal and the rotational angle of the scaphoid and lunate relative to the radius and compared them with those of 6 normal subjects. The joint contact area was visualized to evaluate congruity of the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints.
RESULTS
In the scapholunate dissociated wrists, the scaphoid translated dorsally and radially with rotation in the direction of flexion and pronation. The lunate was extended and supinated. The capitate, trapezoid, and trapezium translated dorsally. Contact area of the radioscaphoid joint shifted dorsoradially owing to dorsoradial subluxation of the scaphoid proximal pole. Congruity was retained in the radiolunate, lunocapitate, and scaphotrapeziotrapezoid joints. In the malunion cases, the scaphoid and distal carpal rows translated more dorsally along dorsal angulation of the distal radius; therefore, incongruity of the radioscaphoid joint became more pronounced.
CONCLUSIONS
Dorsoradial subluxation of the scaphoid proximal pole over the dorsal rim of the radius led to incongruity of the radioscaphoid joint. Dorsal translation of the distal carpal row occurred with maintaining congruency of the radiolunate, lunocapitate, and scaphotrapeziotrapezoid joints. These results suggest that for realignment of the carpal axis of an advanced scapholunate dissociated wrist, we should restore scapholunate rotational malalignment and reduce the dorsally translated distal carpal row back to the anatomical position.
Topics: Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Joint Instability; Ligaments, Articular; Lunate Bone; Male; Middle Aged; Rotation; Scaphoid Bone; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Wrist Joint
PubMed: 23790423
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.04.004 -
Foot and Ankle Clinics Dec 2015Adult patients presenting with an overcorrected clubfoot often have had a posteromedial release. They present later in life and have compensated quite well despite the... (Review)
Review
Adult patients presenting with an overcorrected clubfoot often have had a posteromedial release. They present later in life and have compensated quite well despite the development of deformity. Minor trauma may lead to the onset of acute symptoms. A spectrum of deformity exists. Key features include a dorsally subluxated navicular, a dorsal bunion from overpull of the tibialis anterior tendon, valgus of the ankle or hindfoot or both, and a flattop talus. This article details the diagnostic approach to the overcorrected clubfoot patient and options for management of the various components of the deformity.
Topics: Adult; Clubfoot; Humans; Orthopedic Procedures
PubMed: 26589080
DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2015.07.006 -
Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie,... Jul 1988A new skin or fascial flap is described, based on the dorsal ulnar artery. In hundred fresh cadaveric forearms this vessel was constant with a diameter of 1 to 1.3 mm,...
A new skin or fascial flap is described, based on the dorsal ulnar artery. In hundred fresh cadaveric forearms this vessel was constant with a diameter of 1 to 1.3 mm, passing dorsally from the ulnar artery deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. It supplies the skin and the fascia in the distal two thirds of the ulnar side of the forearm (length from 9 to 20 cm; width 1.5 to 10 cm). A flap based on this vessel can cover defects of the dorsal and palmar aspects of the hand and wrist, the thenar and the hypothenar eminence. It can be used as a fascial flap to avoid fibrosis around the median nerve and the tendons. The authors show the anatomy and some clinical cases.
Topics: Adult; Contracture; Female; Finger Injuries; Hand Injuries; Humans; Infant; Male; Microsurgery; Middle Aged; Surgical Flaps; Tendon Injuries; Wound Healing
PubMed: 3169635
DOI: No ID Found -
Development (Cambridge, England) Dec 1996In Xenopus eggs, removal of small volumes of cytoplasm along with the surface (2-10% of the entire egg volume) causes very severe dorsal reduction (average DAI=1.4) when...
In Xenopus eggs, removal of small volumes of cytoplasm along with the surface (2-10% of the entire egg volume) causes very severe dorsal reduction (average DAI=1.4) when made at a site ventrally 30 degrees off the vegetal pole at 20% time of first cell cycle (0.2 NT). The greatest dorsal reduction (average DAI=1.1) occurs when removal is done at the vegetal pole at 0.3 NT, and intermediate reductions (average DAI=2.2-2.6) when done at sites dorsally, dorsolaterally or laterally 30 degrees off the vegetal pole at 0.4 NT. Removal at sites dorsally, dorsolaterally or laterally 60 degrees off the vegetal pole provokes slight dorsal reduction (average DAI=3.5-3.9) when made at 0.4-0.5 NT. Removal at all sites after 0.4 NT causes a steady decrease in the extent of dorsal reduction. By contrast, removal of larger volumes of dorsal cytoplasm (16-50% of the entire egg volume) causes a steady increase in the extent of dorsal reduction during first cell cycle with its maximum effect at 1.0 NT (average DAI=3.1). The surgery for the cytoplasmic removal does not affect cortical rotation. We conclude from these results that dorsal determinants are concentrated first in a small region ventrally 30 degrees off the vegetal pole by 0.2 NT, then move toward the vegetal pole during the period 0.2-0.3 NT and disperse to a broad region spanning over both the presumptive dorsal and ventral, but mainly the dorsal, hemispheres during the period 0.3-0.8 NT.
Topics: Animals; Body Patterning; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Cycle; Cytoplasm; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Embryology; Embryonic Development; Micromanipulation; Models, Biological; Ultraviolet Rays; Xenopus; Zygote
PubMed: 9012490
DOI: 10.1242/dev.122.12.3687 -
The Journal of Hand Surgery, European... Jun 2008This paper reports an isolated dorsal fracture-dislocation of the scaphoid at its waist with the proximal fragment dislocated dorsally. Such a fracture-dislocation is...
This paper reports an isolated dorsal fracture-dislocation of the scaphoid at its waist with the proximal fragment dislocated dorsally. Such a fracture-dislocation is extremely rare. We believe the pathomechanics of this injury to have been a flexion and radial deviation with an axial force on the wrist.
Topics: Aged; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Joint Dislocations; Male; Radiography; Scaphoid Bone
PubMed: 18562362
DOI: 10.1177/1753193408087072 -
Clinical Case Reports Mar 2024Ultrasound-assisted small catheter placement may be considered in cases where computed tomography guidance is unavailable, and ultrasound can identify pleural effusions...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
Ultrasound-assisted small catheter placement may be considered in cases where computed tomography guidance is unavailable, and ultrasound can identify pleural effusions clearly, even in cases where empyema is localized solely on the dorsal side.
ABSTRACT
Thoracic catheter insertion for empyema can be challenging when the pleural effusion is localized dorsally and computed tomography guidance is unavailable. We report the case of a 40-year-old man with acute dorsal bacterial empyema who underwent successful ultrasound-assisted catheter placement in an orthopneic position.
PubMed: 38440771
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8576 -
Pain Sep 2015Mechanical allodynia, a cardinal symptom of persistent pain, is associated with the unmasking of usually blocked local circuits within the superficial spinal or...
Mechanical allodynia, a cardinal symptom of persistent pain, is associated with the unmasking of usually blocked local circuits within the superficial spinal or medullary dorsal horn (MDH) through which low-threshold mechanical inputs can gain access to the lamina I nociceptive output neurons. Specific interneurons located within inner lamina II (IIi) and expressing the gamma isoform of protein kinase C (PKCγ⁺) have been shown to be key elements for such circuits. However, their morphologic and electrophysiologic features are still unknown. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and immunohistochemical techniques in slices of adult rat MDH, we characterized such lamina IIi PKCγ⁺ interneurons and compared them with neighboring PKCγ⁻ interneurons. Our results reveal that PKCγ⁺ interneurons display very specific activity and response properties. Compared with PKCγ⁻ interneurons, they exhibit a smaller membrane input resistance and rheobase, leading to a lower threshold for action potentials. Consistently, more than half of PKCγ⁺ interneurons respond with tonic firing to step current. They also receive a weaker excitatory synaptic drive. Most PKCγ⁺ interneurons express Ih currents. The neurites of PKCγ⁺ interneurons arborize extensively within lamina IIi, can spread dorsally into lamina IIo, but never reach lamina I. In addition, at least 2 morphologically and functionally different subpopulations of PKCγ⁺ interneurons can be identified: central and radial PKCγ⁺ interneurons. The former exhibit a lower membrane input resistance, rheobase and, thus, action potential threshold, and less PKCγ⁺ immunoreactivity than the latter. These 2 subpopulations might thus differently contribute to the gating of dorsally directed circuits within the MDH underlying mechanical allodynia.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; In Vitro Techniques; Interneurons; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Membrane Potentials; Neurites; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protein Kinase C; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn
PubMed: 25961142
DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000221