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Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) Apr 2023The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been shown to be associated with prosocial behavior. However, the direction of this relationship remains controversial. To resolve...
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been shown to be associated with prosocial behavior. However, the direction of this relationship remains controversial. To resolve inconsistencies in the existing literature, we introduced the concept of default prosociality preference and hypothesized that this preference moderates the relationship between gray matter volume in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and prosocial behavior. This study analyzed the data of 168 participants obtained from voxel-based morphometry, 4 types of economic games, and 3 different measures of social value orientation that represent default prosociality preference. Here we show that, in individuals who were consistently classified as proself on the 3 social value orientation measures, gray matter volume in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was positively associated with prosocial behavior. However, in individuals who were consistently classified as prosocial, the direction of this association was vice versa. These results indicate that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex regulates default prosociality preference.
Topics: Humans; Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; Prefrontal Cortex; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gray Matter; Cerebral Cortex
PubMed: 36396873
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac429 -
BMC Neurology Jan 2021Dorsolateral medullary infarction is a typical cerebral infarction which is characterized by Wallenberg's syndrome. Neurotrophic keratopathy is an uncommon consequence...
BACKGROUND
Dorsolateral medullary infarction is a typical cerebral infarction which is characterized by Wallenberg's syndrome. Neurotrophic keratopathy is an uncommon consequence of dorsolateral medullary infarction. At present, the protocol is aimed to study the dynamic changes in corneal innervation and the ocular surface environment after dorsolateral medullary infarction.
METHODS
This study will involve consecutive data from all medical records of patients within 7 days of acute dorsolateral medullary infarction onset at the Departments of Neurology from 10 collaborating stroke centers. Eligible patients will mainly be characterized based on detailed physical examinations, multimodal imaging, and corneal related examinations and patients will be followed-up for 2 years. Neurotrophic keratopathy after dorsolateral medullary infarction is the primary endpoint. The dynamic histological corneal innervation and ocular surface environment after dorsolateral medullary infarction will be observed during the follow-up period.
DISCUSSION
This multicentric, prospective registry is the first to identify and characterize the dynamic changes of corneal innervation and the ocular surface environment after acute dorsolateral medullary infarction. The significance of the study is to emphasize that the curative effect is based on the doctors' identification of the disease in the earliest stage before irreversible damage occurs to the cornea.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The registry was registered ( ChiCTR-OPC-17,011,625 ) on June 11, 2017.
Topics: Adult; Cerebral Infarction; Corneal Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Middle Aged; Registries
PubMed: 33435910
DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-02030-6 -
Experimental Brain Research Jul 2000Recent studies with nonhuman primates have shown that lesions of the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which extends from the lip of the dorsal bank of the sulcus... (Review)
Review
Recent studies with nonhuman primates have shown that lesions of the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which extends from the lip of the dorsal bank of the sulcus principalis to the midline (i.e., dorsal area 46 and 9/46 and area 9), give rise to severe and long-lasting impairments on self-ordered and externally ordered tasks designed to tax executive processing within working memory, rather than short-term memory per se. Lesions limited to area 9 give rise to a mild impairment on these tasks. Thus, the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal region has been shown to be critical for the monitoring of multiple events in working memory. The mid-dorsolateral prefrontal region receives visuospatial input from the posterior dorsolateral region (areas 8 and 6) and from the cortex within the middle part (sulcal area 46) and the caudal part (area 8) of the sulcus principalis. Nonspatial visual input originates from the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Thus, lesions focused on the middle to caudal part of the sulcus principalis would affect visuospatial input, but would not affect the flow of nonspatial visual object information that reaches the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal region from the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Lesions of the sulcus principalis produce a spatially selective impairment, whereas lesions of the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal region produce a more general impairment of the monitoring and manipulation of information in working memory. The results of recent functional neuroimaging studies with human subjects are consistent with the above findings from work with the monkey.
Topics: Animals; Haplorhini; Memory, Short-Term; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed: 10933209
DOI: 10.1007/s002210000399 -
Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013) Sep 2023Posterior circulation cerebrovascular events comprise approximately 20% of ischemic events in the brain. Symptoms range from dizziness to profound ataxia altering gait....
Posterior circulation cerebrovascular events comprise approximately 20% of ischemic events in the brain. Symptoms range from dizziness to profound ataxia altering gait. The majority of cases have some spectrum of dizziness. In this case report, we discuss a dorsolateral medullary stroke which atypically presented with dysphagia and without dizziness or ataxia. Although initial computed topography scans did not show large vessel occlusion or acute infarct, magnetic resonance imaging showed a right dorsolateral medullary infarct. Treatment is similar to other ischemic cerebrovascular accidents, including aspirin and high-intensity statin therapy, as well as thrombolysis if indicated. Pharyngeal dysfunction places a patient at higher risk for aspiration and pneumonia.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Dizziness; Brain; Ataxia; Infarction
PubMed: 37643335
DOI: No ID Found -
Human Brain Mapping Feb 2021Three decades ago a series of parallel circuits were described involving the frontal cortex and deep grey matter structures, with putative roles in control of motor and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Three decades ago a series of parallel circuits were described involving the frontal cortex and deep grey matter structures, with putative roles in control of motor and oculomotor function, cognition, behaviour and emotion. The circuit comprising the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate, globus pallidus and thalamus has a putative role in regulating executive functions. The aim of this study is to investigate effective connectivity (EC) of the dorsolateral-prefrontal circuit and its association with PASAT-3 performance in people with multiple sclerosis(MS). We use Granger causality analysis of resting-state functional MRI from 52 people with MS and 36 healthy people to infer that reduced EC in the afferent limb of the dorsolateral prefrontal circuit occurs in the people with MS with cognitive dysfunction (left: p = .006; right: p = .029), with bilateral EC reductions in this circuit resulting in more severe cognitive dysfunction than unilateral reductions alone (p = .002). We show that reduced EC in the afferent limb of the dorsolateral prefrontal circuit mediates the relationship between cognitive performance and macrostrucutral and microstructural alterations of white matter tracts in components of the circuit. Specificity is shown by the absence of any relationship between cognition and EC in the analogous and anatomically proximal motor circuit. We demonstrate good stability of the EC measures in people with MS over an interval averaging 8-months. Key positive and negative results are replicated in an independent cohort of people with MS. Our findings identify the dorsolateral prefrontal circuit as a potential target for therapeutic strategies aimed at improving cognition in people with MS.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Nerve Net; Neuropsychological Tests; Prospective Studies; White Matter
PubMed: 33073920
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25239 -
Sex differences in bipolar disorder: The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as an etiopathogenic region.Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Jan 2024Bipolar disorder (BD) is worldwide a prevalent mental illness and a leading risk factor for suicide. Over the past three decades, it has been discovered that sex... (Review)
Review
Bipolar disorder (BD) is worldwide a prevalent mental illness and a leading risk factor for suicide. Over the past three decades, it has been discovered that sex differences exist throughout the entire panorama of BD, but the etiologic regions and mechanisms that generate such differences remain poorly characterized. Available evidence indicates that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a critical region that controls higher-order cognitive processing and mood, exhibits biological disparities between male and female patients with psychiatric disorders, which are highly correlated with the co-occurrence of psychotic symptoms. This review addresses the sex differences in BD concerning epidemiology, cognitive impairments, clinical manifestations, neuroimaging, and laboratory abnormalities. It also provides strong evidence linking DLPFC to the etiopathogenesis of these sex differences. We emphasize the importance of identifying gene signatures using human brain transcriptomics, which can depict sexually different variations, explain sex-biased symptomatic features, and provide novel targets for sex-specific therapeutics.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Bipolar Disorder; Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; Prefrontal Cortex; Sex Characteristics; Brain
PubMed: 37993020
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101115 -
Case Reports in Neurology 2020We report an 87-year-old woman with right dorsolateral medullary hemorrhage. She did not show all of the usual symptoms of Wallenberg syndrome and her main symptom was...
We report an 87-year-old woman with right dorsolateral medullary hemorrhage. She did not show all of the usual symptoms of Wallenberg syndrome and her main symptom was severe dysphagia. Dorsolateral medullary hemorrhage may be overlooked, because it is rare and does not exhibit the typical Wallenberg syndrome presentation usually seen in patients with infarction at the dorsolateral medulla.
PubMed: 33442375
DOI: 10.1159/000510574 -
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Nov 2020
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pons; Stroke; Syndrome; Trochlear Nerve Diseases
PubMed: 31773754
DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13017 -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Mar 2023A learned sensory-motor behavior engages multiple brain regions, including the neocortex and the basal ganglia. How a target stimulus is detected by these regions and...
A learned sensory-motor behavior engages multiple brain regions, including the neocortex and the basal ganglia. How a target stimulus is detected by these regions and converted to a motor response remains poorly understood. Here, we performed electrophysiological recordings and pharmacological inactivations of whisker motor cortex and dorsolateral striatum to determine the representations within, and functions of, each region during performance in a selective whisker detection task in male and female mice. From the recording experiments, we observed robust, lateralized sensory responses in both structures. We also observed bilateral choice probability and preresponse activity in both structures, with these features emerging earlier in whisker motor cortex than dorsolateral striatum. These findings establish both whisker motor cortex and dorsolateral striatum as potential contributors to the sensory-to-motor (sensorimotor) transformation. We performed pharmacological inactivation studies to determine the necessity of these brain regions for this task. We found that suppressing the dorsolateral striatum severely disrupts responding to task-relevant stimuli, without disrupting the ability to respond, whereas suppressing whisker motor cortex resulted in more subtle changes in sensory detection and response criterion. Together these data support the dorsolateral striatum as an essential node in the sensorimotor transformation of this whisker detection task. Selecting an item in a grocery store, hailing a cab - these daily practices require us to transform sensory stimuli into motor responses. Many decades of previous research have studied goal-directed sensory-to-motor transformations within various brain structures, including the neocortex and the basal ganglia. Yet, our understanding of how these regions coordinate to perform sensory-to-motor transformations is limited because these brain structures are often studied by different researchers and through different behavioral tasks. Here, we record and perturb specific regions of the neocortex and the basal ganglia and compare their contributions during performance of a goal-directed somatosensory detection task. We find notable differences in the activities and functions of these regions, which suggests specific contributions to the sensory-to-motor transformation process.
Topics: Mice; Male; Female; Animals; Vibrissae; Learning; Corpus Striatum; Neostriatum; Neocortex; Somatosensory Cortex
PubMed: 36810226
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1506-22.2023 -
Brain Communications 2021Relapse is one of the most perplexing problems of addiction. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is crucially involved in numerous cognitive and affective processes that...
Relapse is one of the most perplexing problems of addiction. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is crucially involved in numerous cognitive and affective processes that are implicated in the phenotypes of both substance use disorders and other neuropsychiatric diseases and has become the principal site to deliver transcranial magnetic stimulation for their treatment. However, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is an anatomically large and functionally heterogeneous region, and the specific dorsolateral prefrontal cortex locus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-based functional circuits that contribute to drug relapse and/or treatment outcome remain unknown. We systematically investigated the relationship of cocaine relapse with functional circuits from 98 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex regions-of-interest defined by evenly sampling the entire surface of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a cohort of cocaine dependent patients ( = 43, 5 Fr) following a psychosocial treatment intervention. Cox regression models were utilized to predict relapse likelihood based on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity strength. Functional connectivity from only 3 of the 98 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex loci, one in the left and two in the right hemisphere, significantly predicted cocaine relapse with an accuracy of 83.9%, 84.6% and 85.4%, respectively. Combining all three loci significantly improved prediction validity to 87.5%. Protective and risk circuits related to these dorsolateral prefrontal cortex loci were identified that have previously been implicated to support 'bottom up' drive to use drug and 'top down' control over behaviour together with social emotional, learning and memory processing. Three dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-centric circuits were identified that predict relapse to cocaine use with high accuracy. These functionally distinct dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-based circuits provide insights into the multiple roles played by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in cognitive and affective functioning that affects treatment outcome. The identified dorsolateral prefrontal cortex loci may serve as potential neuromodulation targets to be tested in subsequent clinical studies for addiction treatment and as clinically relevant biomarkers of its efficacy. Zhai et al. identify three dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)-centric circuits that predict cocaine relapse with high accuracy, providing insights into the multiple roles of the dlPFC in brain functioning that affects treatment outcome and suggesting the dlPFC loci as potential neuromodulation targets for addiction treatment.
PubMed: 34189458
DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab120