-
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dec 2020Chronic disease management has been a significant burden in many countries. As most treatment options involve long-term pharmacotherapy, patient compliance has been a... (Review)
Review
Chronic disease management has been a significant burden in many countries. As most treatment options involve long-term pharmacotherapy, patient compliance has been a challenge, as patients have to remember taking medications on time at the prescribed dose for each disease state. Patients are often required to split the dosage unit, which may lead to under- or over-dose and dose-related adverse effects. However, 3D printing technologies have been used for fabricating personalized medications and multiple drugs in a single dose unit (polypills), which might greatly reduce treatment monitoring, dosing errors, and follow-ups with the health care providers. Extrusion-based 3D printing is the most used technology to fabricate polypills and to customize the dose, dosage form, and release kinetics, which might potentially reduce the risk of patient non-compliance. Although extrusion-based 3D printing has existed for some time, interest in its potential to fabricate dosage forms for treating chronic diseases is still in its infancy. This review focuses on the various extrusion-based 3D printing technologies such as fused deposition modeling, pressure-assisted microsyringe, and direct powder extrusion 3D printing in the preparation of customizable, multi-drug dosage forms for treating chronic diseases.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Dosage Forms; Humans; Powders; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Technology, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 33035541
DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.042 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Mar 2022In this work, expandable fibrous dosage forms containing water-absorbing and fiber-strengthening excipients are investigated for prolonged delivery of sparingly-soluble...
In this work, expandable fibrous dosage forms containing water-absorbing and fiber-strengthening excipients are investigated for prolonged delivery of sparingly-soluble drugs. The formulation comprised: sparingly-soluble ibuprofen drug; water-absorbing, high-molecular-weight hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) excipient; and strengthening methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate excipient. Upon immersion in a dissolution fluid, the single fibers and all the dosage forms (fiber volume fractions, φ = 0.16, 0.39, and 0.56) expanded roughly at the same rate. The size of the dosage forms doubled in fifteen minutes, and they were converted into a highly viscous gel. The gel was stabilized by the strengthening excipient for over two days. Eighty percent of the drug was released from single fibers in less than an hour, and in thirty-eight hours from the dosage form with φ = 0.56. Theoretical models suggest that if φ is small, drug release is limited by the diffusion of drug molecules through the thin fibers, which is fast. If φ is large, however, drug release is limited by the diffusion of drug molecules through the thick, monolithic dosage form gel, which is slow. Between these extremes, the drug release time increases exponentially with φ.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Dosage Forms; Drug Liberation; Excipients; Hypromellose Derivatives; Methylcellulose; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Solubility; Tablets
PubMed: 33716100
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120396 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nov 2012The aim of this paper is to review all the aspects of the in vitro release testing (IVRT) from semisolid dosage forms. Although none of the official dissolution methods... (Review)
Review
The aim of this paper is to review all the aspects of the in vitro release testing (IVRT) from semisolid dosage forms. Although none of the official dissolution methods has been specified for use with semisolid dosage forms, their utility for assessing release rates of drugs from semisolid dosage forms has become a topic of considerable interest. One can expect to overcome such complexity in the future, when the official "Topical and Transdermal Drug Products-Product Performance Tests" will be published in an issue of the Pharmacopeial Forum. Many factors such as type of the dissolution medium, membrane, temperature, and speed have an influence on the mechanism and kinetics of the release testing from gels, creams, and ointments; therefore, those parameters have been widely discussed.
Topics: Dosage Forms; Kinetics; Solubility
PubMed: 22886492
DOI: 10.1002/jps.23289 -
Prescrire International Sep 2014
Topics: Administration, Oral; Capsules; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Dosage Forms; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmaceutical Solutions; Powders; Tablets
PubMed: 25325122
DOI: No ID Found -
Pharmaceutical Development and... Mar 2017
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Dosage Forms; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Tablets
PubMed: 28178908
DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1281543 -
PloS One 2022There are many paediatric specific challenges such as lack of age-appropriate dosage forms, inability of young children to swallow tablets and capsules and poor...
BACKGROUND
There are many paediatric specific challenges such as lack of age-appropriate dosage forms, inability of young children to swallow tablets and capsules and poor acceptability, during administration of oral dosage forms of medications to children. Parents adopt various methods which they consider best to circumvent this problem. The objective of this study was to describe the administration practice by parents when giving oral dosage forms of medications to children.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the administration practice of 1800 oral dosage forms of medications administered to children under the age of 12 years using validated indicators. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire given to parents or caregivers was used to collect the necessary data. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
Data from 1800 oral dosage forms was obtained from 663 children. Of the 1287 solid dosage forms, almost one-third were manipulated by parents at the time of giving the medications to children. They were crushed and dissolved in water given to children. In about 17% of instances safety of water was questionable. In 92% of instances, measuring device was found to be inappropriate.
CONCLUSION
Administration of oral dosage forms of medications to children is far from ideal and hinders successful use of medications in children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Resource-Limited Settings; Administration, Oral; Tablets; Capsules; Dosage Forms
PubMed: 36548310
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276379 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Sep 2022The understanding of acceptability of existing dosage forms is limited in most of the world and hinders the development of acceptable, age-appropriate medicines. The... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
The understanding of acceptability of existing dosage forms is limited in most of the world and hinders the development of acceptable, age-appropriate medicines. The attributes of paediatric medicine acceptability may differ from country to country based on culture, healthcare infrastructure and health policies. This study was designed to map the acceptability of oral medicines in paediatric patients treated in hospital in India.
METHODS
An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in patients aged below 18 years and taking any form of oral medication. Acceptability scores were obtained using CAST-ClinSearch Acceptability Score Test tool.
FINDINGS
490 patients were recruited and 193 evaluations of different pharmaceutical products available in 20 dosage forms and 7 routes of administration were studied. Oral liquids (50%) and tablets (35%) were the most commonly prescribed and administered forms. Regardless of the therapeutic class and age, the oral liquids were 'positively accepted' in infants and toddlers. Acceptability of tablets improved with age and appeared to be generally good from the age of 6.
CONCLUSION
This study indicates the limited progress towards adoption of age-appropriate dosage forms in India and thus impact on the acceptability of existing oral dosage forms. The key challenges posed by the adoption of age-appropriate formulations in India are (1) awareness of importance of appropriate administration and acceptability of medicines to children in India, (2) availability of age-appropriate dosage forms and (3) lack of child-appropriate medicine policies.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dosage Forms; Drug Compounding; Hospitals; Humans; Infant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Tablets
PubMed: 34799375
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322604 -
Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy Mar 2022Development and optimization of orally administered drug products often require bio-predictive tools to help with informing formulation and manufacturing decisions.... (Review)
Review
Development and optimization of orally administered drug products often require bio-predictive tools to help with informing formulation and manufacturing decisions. Reliable bio-predictive dissolution toolkits not only allow rational development of target formulations without having to conduct excessive studies but also help in detecting critical material attributes (CMAs), critical formulation variables (CFVs), or critical process parameters (CPPs) that could impact a drug's performance. To provide early insights for scientists on the development of a bio-predictive method for drug product development, this review summarizes current phase-appropriate bio-predictive dissolution approaches applicable to address typical concerns on solubility-limited absorption, food effect, achlorhydria, development of extended-release formulation, clinically relevant specification, and biowaiver. The selection of an method which can capture the key rate-limiting step(s) of the dissolution and/or absorption is considered to have a better chance to produce a meaningful correlation (IVIVC) or relationship (IVIVR).
Topics: Administration, Oral; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dosage Forms; Drug Development; Solubility
PubMed: 35786119
DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2098315 -
Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015Solid oral modified-release dosage forms provide numerous advantages for drug delivery compared to dosage forms where the drugs are released and absorbed rapidly... (Review)
Review
Solid oral modified-release dosage forms provide numerous advantages for drug delivery compared to dosage forms where the drugs are released and absorbed rapidly following ingestion. Natural polymers are of particular interest as drug carriers due to their good safety profile, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and rich sources. This review described the current applications of important natural polymers, such as chitosan, alginate, pectin, guar gum, and xanthan gum, in solid oral modified-release dosage forms. It was shown that natural polymers have been widely used to fabricate solid oral modified-release dosage forms such as matrix tablets, pellets and beads, and especially oral drug delivery systems such as gastroretentive and colon drug delivery systems. Moreover, chemical modifications could overcome the shortcomings associated with the use of natural polymers, and the combination of two or more polymers presented further advantages compared with that of single polymer. In conclusion, natural polymers and modified natural polymers have promising applications in solid oral modified-release dosage forms. However, commercial products based on them are still limited. To accelerate the application of natural polymers in commercial products, in vivo behavior of natural polymers-based solid oral modified-release dosage forms should be deeply investigated, and meanwhile quality of the natural polymers should be controlled strictly, and the influence of formulation and process parameters need to be understood intensively.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biocompatible Materials; Biological Products; Biopolymers; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dosage Forms; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 26446465
DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666151008150306 -
European Journal of Pharmaceutical... Mar 2023Therapeutic proteins and peptides (TPPs) are increasingly favoured above small drug molecules due to their high specificity to the site of action and reduced adverse... (Review)
Review
Therapeutic proteins and peptides (TPPs) are increasingly favoured above small drug molecules due to their high specificity to the site of action and reduced adverse effects resulting in increased use of these agents for medical treatments and therapies. Consequently, there is a need to formulate TPPs in dosage forms that are accessible and suitable for a wide range of patient groups as the use of TPPs becomes increasingly prevalent in healthcare settings worldwide. Orally disintegrating dosage forms (ODDF) are formulations that can ensure easy-to-administer medication to a wider patient population including paediatrics, geriatrics and people in low-resource countries. There are many challenges involved in developing suitable pharmaceutical strategies to protect TPPs during formulation and manufacturing, as well as storage, and maintenance of a cold-chain during transportation. This review will discuss advances being made in the research and development of pharmaceutical and manufacturing strategies used to incorporate various TPPs into ODDF systems.
Topics: Child; Humans; Administration, Oral; Dosage Forms; Drug Delivery Systems; Peptides; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Tablets; Aged
PubMed: 36623699
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106374