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Journal of Hazardous Materials Jan 2021Pharmaceutical contaminants in environment induce unexpected effects on ecological systems and human; thus, development of efficient technologies for their removal is...
Pharmaceutical contaminants in environment induce unexpected effects on ecological systems and human; thus, development of efficient technologies for their removal is immensely necessary. In this study, biodegradation and metabolic fate of a frequently found pharmaceutical contaminant, doxylamine by Typha angustifolia and Ipomoea aquatica was investigated. Microbial community of the plant rhizosphere has been identified to understand the important roles of the functional microbes. The plants reduced 48-80.5 % of doxylamine through hydrolysis/dehydroxylation and carbonylation/decarbonylation. A constructed phytobed co-planted with T. angustifolia and I. aquatica removed 77.3 %, 100 %, 83.67 %, and 61.13 % of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and doxylamine respectively from real wastewater. High-throughput sequencing of soil and rhizosphere indicated that the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria dominated the microbial communities of the phytobed. Current study has demonstrated the applicability of the developed phytobeds for the treatment of doxylamine from municipal wastewater and provide a comprehensive understanding of its metabolism through plant and its rhizospheric microbial communities.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Doxylamine; Humans; Ipomoea; Microbiota; Rhizosphere; Soil Microbiology; Typhaceae; Wastewater
PubMed: 32659588
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123404 -
Science & Justice : Journal of the... Jan 2014Doxylamine (DA) is widely available in pharmacies without prescription and can be used in suicidal intention because of its sedative and anticholinergic properties....
BACKGROUND
Doxylamine (DA) is widely available in pharmacies without prescription and can be used in suicidal intention because of its sedative and anticholinergic properties. Research of literature shows that only a few publications deal with post-mortem evidence of DA and its interpretation during toxicological examination.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In this study, all cases with a positive detection of DA during toxicological analyses with high-performance liquid chromatography in the time period 2000 to 2010 at the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences in Berlin, Germany were retrospectively analysed and interpreted, taking into account police investigations, autopsy results and toxicological analyses.
RESULTS
In total, 22 cases with DA intoxications were discovered (♂=16/♀=6, age-at-death range 17 to 90years). Maximum blood concentration was measured at 77.5μg/mL. Cause of death was due to DA intoxication in eight suicide cases; seven of those were combined intoxications (DA and other substances, particularly diphenhydramine). During the evaluated time period no monointoxications with DA were discovered.
CONCLUSION
Benchmarks published in past literature are meant as orientation during evaluation of post-mortem DA evidence. These should not be used as absolute values and need to be interpreted individually in each case. Post-mortem redistribution needs to be considered as a main factor in alteration of DA concentration measurement. Furthermore, proof of DA ingestion found in gastric content should only be interpreted quantitatively due to unreliable calculation of the ingested amount. In conclusion, a variety of factors, such as the time period between time of death and the time of the first toxicological analysis, the condition of the body and the findings at autopsy, must also be critically considered.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chromatography, Liquid; Doxylamine; Female; Forensic Toxicology; Gastrointestinal Contents; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Suicide; Young Adult
PubMed: 24438779
DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2013.10.005 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Feb 2015
Topics: Doxylamine; Female; Humans; Morning Sickness; Ondansetron; Pregnancy; Pyridoxine
PubMed: 25611628
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000651 -
European Review For Medical and... Dec 2022
Reply Letter - to Urso et al "Comment on: Comparative dissolution profiles of two anti-emetic delayed release dosage forms of doxylamine and pyridoxine: Xonvea® tablets vs. Cariban® capsules".
Topics: Doxylamine; Pyridoxine; Antiemetics; Solubility; Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Tablets; Capsules; Gastrointestinal Agents; Delayed-Action Preparations
PubMed: 36524482
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202212_30533 -
The Medical Letter on Drugs and... Jul 2022
Topics: Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Imidazoles; Pyrrolidines; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 35802843
DOI: No ID Found -
European Review For Medical and... Nov 2022
Topics: Doxylamine; Pyridoxine; Antiemetics; Solubility; Gastrointestinal Agents; Capsules; Tablets
PubMed: 36459003
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202211_30351 -
American Family Physician Feb 2024Insomnia affects 30% of the U.S. population, with 5% to 15% meeting criteria for chronic insomnia. It can negatively impact quality of life, decrease productivity,...
Insomnia affects 30% of the U.S. population, with 5% to 15% meeting criteria for chronic insomnia. It can negatively impact quality of life, decrease productivity, increase fatigue and drowsiness, and put patients at higher risk of developing other health problems. Initial treatment focuses on nonpharmacologic therapies such as cognitive behavior therapy, which improves negative thought patterns and behaviors through sleep restriction, stimulus control, and relaxation techniques. Other nonpharmacologic treatments include exercise, mindfulness, and acupuncture. If these approaches are ineffective, pharmacologic agents may be considered. Medications such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs are often prescribed for insomnia but should be avoided, if possible, due to short- and long-term risks associated with their use. Melatonin receptor agonists are safer and well tolerated but have limited effectiveness. Dual orexin receptor antagonists are effective in patients who have sleep maintenance insomnia or difficulty with sleep onset. Evidence for the use of antihistamines to treat insomnia is generally lacking, but doxylamine is effective for up to four weeks.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Quality of Life; Benzodiazepines; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Sleep
PubMed: 38393799
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Clinical... Aug 2017Background The unintentional misuse of over-the-counter sleep aids among older adults is an important public health problem and a focus of Healthy People 2020....
Background The unintentional misuse of over-the-counter sleep aids among older adults is an important public health problem and a focus of Healthy People 2020. Accordingly, the 2015 Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults recommends that individuals 65 years or older avoid use of diphenhydramine and doxylamine; however, many over-the-counter sleep products contain these active ingredients. Objective To identify the proportion of older adults using an over-the-counter medication containing diphenhydramine or doxylamine, and compare their characteristics with older adults using an over-the-counter medication that does not contain these ingredients. Setting Study participants were recruited from the Community Registry of the Pittsburgh Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center. Method The study sample was taken from a larger survey of 1025 participants on sleep health and over-the-counter sleep medication use conducted from February to April 2015. A subset of 169 participants aged 65 and older reporting taking at least one over-the-counter product to improve sleep within the past 30 days (16.5%) were selected for our analysis on associations between participant characteristics and potentially inappropriate use of over-the-counter sleep medications. Main outcome measure The proportion and characteristics of older adults taking at least one over-the-counter medication containing diphenhydramine or doxylamine. Results Of the 223 over-the-counter sleep medications listed by participants, 115 (52%) contained diphenhydramine or doxylamine. Using the Beers Criteria, we found that more than half of participants (59%) had used a potentially inappropriate over-the-counter medication containing diphenhydramine or doxylamine to improve sleep within the past 30 days. Participants taking at least one diphenhydramine or doxylamine containing medication were less likely to be aware of any safety risks in taking over-the-counter sleep medications than participants not taking these products (38 vs 49%, p = 0.016). Conclusion A majority of older adults in a limited sample from the United States taking an over-the-counter medication to improve sleep are taking a product containing diphenhydramine or doxylamine, both of which are classified as potentially inappropriate for older adults. Awareness of the safety risks of over-the-counter medications and addressing conditions that impact sleep quality could be facilitated through consultation with pharmacists and other healthcare providers.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diphenhydramine; Doxylamine; Female; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Male; Nonprescription Drugs; Sleep Aids, Pharmaceutical; Sleep Wake Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 28466395
DOI: 10.1007/s11096-017-0467-x -
The Medical Journal of Australia Mar 1980
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dicyclomine; Doxylamine; Drug Combinations; Female; Fetus; Humans; Pregnancy; Pyridines; Pyridoxine
PubMed: 7374562
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1980.tb134762.x -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Oct 1985
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Antiemetics; Dicyclomine; Doxylamine; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pyridines; Pyridoxine; Risk; United Kingdom
PubMed: 3929963
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.291.6500.918