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The American Journal of Tropical... Aug 2022This report summarizes the status of the global Dracunculiasis Eradication Program as of the end of 2021. Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) has been eliminated from...
This report summarizes the status of the global Dracunculiasis Eradication Program as of the end of 2021. Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) has been eliminated from 17 of 21 countries where it was endemic in 1986, when an estimated 3.5 million cases occurred worldwide. Only Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, and South Sudan reported cases in humans in 2021. Chad, Ethiopia, and Mali also reported indigenous infections of animals, mostly domestic dogs, with Dracunculus medinensis. Insecurity and infections in animals are the main obstacles remaining to interrupting dracunculiasis transmission completely.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Dogs; Dracunculiasis; Disease Eradication; Water Supply; Ethiopia; Chad
PubMed: 35895421
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0197 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Nov 2019
Topics: Animals; Disease Eradication; Dracunculiasis; Global Health; Humans
PubMed: 31657767
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30488-8 -
Advances in Parasitology 1971
Review
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Anthelmintics; Arthropods; Climate; Disability Evaluation; Disease Reservoirs; Disease Vectors; Dracunculiasis; Dracunculus Nematode; Ecology; Female; Gastric Juice; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Larva; Male; Metamorphosis, Biological; Microscopy, Electron; Seasons
PubMed: 4252302
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60160-8 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Feb 2004Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease) is a parasitic disease that is limited to remote, rural villages in 13 sub-Saharan African countries that do not have access to safe... (Review)
Review
Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease) is a parasitic disease that is limited to remote, rural villages in 13 sub-Saharan African countries that do not have access to safe drinking water. It is one the next diseases targeted for eradication by the World Health Organization. Guinea worm disease is transmitted by drinking water containing copepods (water fleas) that are infected with Dracunculiasis medinensis larvae. One year after human ingestion of infected water a female adult worm emerges, typically from a lower extremity, producing painful ulcers that can impair mobility for up to several weeks. This disease occurs annually when agricultural activities are at their peak. Large proportions of economically productive individuals of a village are usually affected simultaneously, resulting in decreased agricultural productivity and economic hardship. Eradication of guinea worm disease depends on prevention, as there is no effective treatment or vaccine. Since 1986, there has been a 98% reduction in guinea worm disease worldwide, achieved primarily through community-based programs. These programs have educated local populations on how to filter drinking water to remove the parasite and how to prevent those with ulcers from infecting drinking-water sources. Complete eradication will require sustained high-level political, financial and community support.
Topics: Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Child; Dracunculiasis; Female; Humans; Male; Public Health Practice; Water Supply
PubMed: 14970098
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Parasitology 2006Since the seminal review by Ralph Muller about Dracunculus and dracunculiasis in this serial publication in 1971, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The... (Review)
Review
Since the seminal review by Ralph Muller about Dracunculus and dracunculiasis in this serial publication in 1971, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The Carter Center forged, during the 1980s, a coalition of organizations to support a campaign to eradicate dracunculiasis. Eighteen of 20 countries were known in 1986 to have endemic dracunculiasis, i.e., Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Sudan, Togo, and Uganda. Transmission of the disease in Yemen was documented in 1995, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Central African Republic endemic in 1995. As of the end of 2004, a total of 16026 cases of dracunculiasis were reported from 12 endemic countries (91% of these cases were reported from Ghana and Sudan, combined), a reduction greater than 99% from the 3.5 million cases of dracunculiasis estimated in 1986 to occur annually; the number of endemic villages has been reduced by >91%, from the 23475 endemic villages in 1991; disease transmission has been interrupted in 9 of the 20 endemic countries; and WHO has certified 168 countries free of dracunculiasis, including Pakistan (1996), India (2000), Senegal and Yemen (2004). Asia is now free of dracunculiasis.
Topics: Africa; Animals; Asia; Communicable Disease Control; Dracunculiasis; Dracunculus Nematode; Humans; Life Cycle Stages; National Health Programs; Socioeconomic Factors; Water; Water Supply; World Health Organization
PubMed: 16735167
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-308X(05)61007-X -
Releve Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire May 2000
Topics: Africa; Dracunculiasis; Endemic Diseases; Global Health; Humans; Population Surveillance; Travel
PubMed: 10821076
DOI: No ID Found -
Releve Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire Mar 1995
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Dracunculiasis; Humans; Water Pollution; Yemen
PubMed: 7718446
DOI: No ID Found -
Bulletin de La Societe de Pathologie... Dec 2006Dracunculiasis is a disease caused by a parasite transmitted through infected drinking water. The International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-1990),... (Review)
Review
Dracunculiasis is a disease caused by a parasite transmitted through infected drinking water. The International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-1990), provided a unique opportunity to eliminate the disease. The strategy of the eradication campaign was based on provision of safe drinking water supply, intensified case containment and health education. An appropriate epidemiological surveillance system was established to guide and evaluate the eradication effort. From an estimated 3.2 million people affected by the disease at the beginning of the campaign, the number of cases dropped to 10,674 by the end of year 2005. Currently the transmission of the disease takes place in 9 sub-Saharan countries only and another 7 countries are in the pre-certification stage. So far, 168 countries and territories have been certified free of transmission. However; eradication of the disease requires that all countries be certified free of transmission. With the support of the international community and the work of national dracunculiasis eradication programmes of affected countries, dracunculiasis may well be the first parasitic disease to be eradicated.
Topics: Dracunculiasis; Humans; National Health Programs
PubMed: 17253057
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Tropical... Aug 2018This report summarizes the status of the global Dracunculiasis Eradication Program as of the end of 2017. Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease) has been eliminated from...
This report summarizes the status of the global Dracunculiasis Eradication Program as of the end of 2017. Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease) has been eliminated from 19 of 21 countries where it was endemic in 1986, when an estimated 3.5 million cases occurred worldwide. Only Chad and Ethiopia reported cases in humans, 15 each, in 2017. Infections of animals, mostly domestic dogs, with were reported in those two countries and also in Mali. Insecurity and infections in animals are the two main obstacles remaining to interrupting dracunculiasis transmission completely.
Topics: Animals; Chad; Disease Eradication; Dogs; Dracunculiasis; Dracunculus Nematode; Epidemiological Monitoring; Ethiopia; Female; Global Health; Humans; Male; Water Supply
PubMed: 29869608
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0204 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Apr 2002Dracunculiasis, also known as guinea worm disease, is caused by the large female of the nematode Dracunculus medinensis, which emerges painfully and slowly from the... (Review)
Review
Dracunculiasis, also known as guinea worm disease, is caused by the large female of the nematode Dracunculus medinensis, which emerges painfully and slowly from the skin, usually on the lower limbs. The disease can infect animals, and sustainable animal cycles occur in North America and Central Asia but do not act as reservoirs of human infection. The disease is endemic across the Sahel belt of Africa from Mauritania to Ethiopia, having been eliminated from Asia and some African countries. It has a significant socioeconomic impact because of the temporary disability that it causes. Dracunculiasis is exclusively caught from drinking water, usually from ponds. A campaign to eradicate the disease was launched in the 1980s and has made significant progress. The strategy of the campaign is discussed, including water supply, health education, case management, and vector control. Current issues including the integration of the campaign into primary health care and the mapping of cases by using geographic information systems are also considered. Finally, some lessons for other disease control and eradication programs are outlined.
Topics: Animals; Dracunculiasis; Dracunculus Nematode; Female; Health Education; Humans; Male; Socioeconomic Factors; Water Supply
PubMed: 11932231
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.15.2.223-246.2002