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Radiologia 2006
Topics: Back; Dracunculiasis; Humans; Radiography
PubMed: 17058379
DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8338(06)73140-x -
Releve Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire Apr 1991
Topics: Cameroon; Dracunculiasis; Humans; Population Surveillance
PubMed: 1828362
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Tropical... Oct 2002This paper summarizes the status of the global dracunculiasis eradication campaign as of early 2002. Of the 20 countries that were endemic when the campaign began, seven... (Review)
Review
This paper summarizes the status of the global dracunculiasis eradication campaign as of early 2002. Of the 20 countries that were endemic when the campaign began, seven have already interrupted transmission, four countries reported less than 100 cases each, and only five countries reported more than 1,000 cases each in 2001. Only 14,000 cases remained outside Sudan in 2001. Sudan reported 78% of all cases of dracunculiasis in 2001, and virtually all of Sudan's cases were in the southern states, where the long-standing civil war limits accessibility to endemic areas. A political settlement of the war is now urgently needed, since it will be impossible to complete the eradication of dracunculiasis without peace in Sudan.
Topics: Dracunculiasis; Health Education; Humans; Sudan; Warfare
PubMed: 12452497
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2002.67.415 -
Parasitology Research Feb 2008Dracunculiasis is a preventable parasitic disease that for many years has affected poor communities without a safe portable water supply. Transmission is basically... (Review)
Review
Dracunculiasis is a preventable parasitic disease that for many years has affected poor communities without a safe portable water supply. Transmission is basically limited among the nomadic in remote rural settings. Most countries, including Asia, are declared free from the Guinea worm disease restraining the burden of transmission to Africa especially Sudan, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria and Niger. This review focuses mainly on the progress made so far by the Global Guinea Worm Eradication Programme championed by the Carter Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organisation, The United Nations Children's Fund and the individual efforts of endemic nations through their National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme aimed towards total global Guinea worm eradication.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Animals; Dracunculiasis; Dracunculus Nematode; Humans
PubMed: 18074151
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0828-9 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Feb 2000By the end of 1998, Asia was free of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease), with Pakistan, India, and Yemen having interrupted transmission in 1993, 1996, and 1997,... (Review)
Review
By the end of 1998, Asia was free of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease), with Pakistan, India, and Yemen having interrupted transmission in 1993, 1996, and 1997, respectively. Transmission of the disease was also interrupted in Cameroon and Senegal during 1997. Chad reported only 3 cases during 1998. Dracunculiasis is now confined to only 13 countries in Africa. The overall number of cases has been reduced by more than 97% from the 3.2 million cases estimated to have occurred in 1986 to 78,557 cases reported in 1998. Because the civil war in Sudan remains the major impediment to eradication of dracunculiasis, the interim goal is to stop all transmission outside that country by the end of 2000. The most important operational need now is for national programs to improve the frequency and quality of supervision of village-based health workers in order to enhance the sensitivity of surveillance and effectiveness of case containment.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Animals; Asia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; Dracunculiasis; Dracunculus Nematode; Humans; Insecticides; Sudan; Temefos; United Nations; United States; Water; Water Purification; World Health Organization
PubMed: 10813467
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.163 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Sep 1993Beginning with the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-1990), an increasingly broad coalition of international and bilateral agencies,... (Review)
Review
Beginning with the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-1990), an increasingly broad coalition of international and bilateral agencies, organizations, private companies, and other institutions have joined forces to eradicate dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease). From an estimated annual incidence of 10 million persons just before the campaign began, the remaining incidence of cases is now less than two million. More than 23,000 villages are known to be endemic. All 18 countries where the disease is still endemic have completed or begun nationwide searches to identify endemic villages, except Kenya. Dracunculiasis is nearly eradicated in Asia, where Pakistan found only 23 cases in 1992, and India found 1,081 cases. Cameroon and Senegal are close to achieving eradication in Africa, where the two formerly highest endemic countries, Nigeria and Ghana, reduced their combined total of cases from approximately 820,000 in 1989 to less than 240,000 in 1992. Much remains to be done, however, in francophone West Africa and especially in East Africa. The most serious current obstacles to eradicating dracunculiasis by 1995 are the civil war in Sudan, apathy of some national and international health officials, and inadequate funding for the campaign.
Topics: Africa, Eastern; Africa, Western; Animals; Asia; Crustacea; Disease Vectors; Dracunculiasis; Humans; Seasons; Water Supply; World Health Organization
PubMed: 8372951
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1993.49.281 -
Vaccine Dec 2011Coming on the heels the declaration of smallpox eradication in 1980 was the launch of the dracunculiasis (Guinea worm) eradication program, as a key outcome indicator of... (Review)
Review
Coming on the heels the declaration of smallpox eradication in 1980 was the launch of the dracunculiasis (Guinea worm) eradication program, as a key outcome indicator of the success of the United Nations 1981-1990 International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD). The dracunculiasis eradication campaign has carried on well beyond the close of the IDWSSD largely due to the efforts of President Jimmy Carter and The Carter Center, to assist the national Guinea Worm Eradication Programs in collaboration with partner organizations, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), UNICEF, and the World Health Organization. Dracunculiasis eradication efforts have as primary tools health education, filter distribution for drinking water filtration, and case containment, all guided by rigorous village based surveillance. Additional tools are treatment of selected water sources with ABATE(R) (temephos) larvicide and provision of protected drinking water supplies. Village volunteers provide monthly reporting of cases (including reports of zero cases). The global campaign has made remarkable progress through both innovation and adherence to eradication principles. Annual cases of dracunculiasis have decreased from 3.5 million in 1986 to less than 2000 in 2010. The challenge is to reach zero cases. The task, so often faced by eradication programs, is to finish the 'final inch' in some of the most difficult places on earth to work. In the case of dracunculiasis, that is the new Republic of South Sudan.
Topics: Disease Eradication; Disinfection; Dracunculiasis; Filtration; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Water Purification
PubMed: 22185836
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.115 -
Epidemiologic Reviews 1991
Review
Topics: Africa; Dracunculiasis; Financing, Government; Humans; India; United Nations
PubMed: 1837272
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036074 -
Trends in Parasitology Jun 2012The long time needed for global eradication of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) was not anticipated at the outset. The successful eradication of smallpox in 10 years... (Review)
Review
The long time needed for global eradication of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) was not anticipated at the outset. The successful eradication of smallpox in 10 years compares with the target date set in 1985 for dracunculiasis eradication - 1995. Seventeen years after that date, transmission continues. Why? Various factors are responsible, mainly lack of resources, or resources ineffectively used. The example of Ghana, where the programme stagnated for a decade, sheds light on this delay. When more resources were put into Ghana's programme in 2007, transmission of the disease was interrupted in 3 years. The variable success of dracunculiasis eradication in different countries provides lessons for future disease eradication programmes.
Topics: Africa; Animals; Disease Eradication; Dracunculiasis; Dracunculus Nematode; Humans; Time Factors; Water Purification; Water Supply
PubMed: 22520367
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2012.03.003 -
Releve Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire May 2017
Topics: Africa; Animals; Civil Disorders; Disease Eradication; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Dracunculiasis; Endemic Diseases; Global Health; Humans; Population Surveillance
PubMed: 28530374
DOI: No ID Found