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Cancer Letters Jun 2014Multi-drug resistance (MDR) has become the largest obstacle to the success of cancer chemotherapies. The mechanisms of MDR and the approaches to test MDR have been... (Review)
Review
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) has become the largest obstacle to the success of cancer chemotherapies. The mechanisms of MDR and the approaches to test MDR have been discovered, yet not fully understood. This review covers the in vivo and in vitro approaches for the detection of MDR in the laboratory and the mechanisms of MDR in cancers. This study also envisages the future developments toward the clinical and therapeutic applications of MDR in cancer treatment. Future therapeutics for cancer treatment will likely combine the existing therapies with drugs originated from MDR mechanisms such as anti-cancer stem cell drugs, anti-miRNA drugs or anti-epigenetic drugs. The challenges for the clinical detection of MDR will be to find new biomarkers and to determine new evaluation systems before the drug resistance emerges.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Autophagy; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 24657660
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.03.013 -
Journal of Molecular Evolution Jan 2020In recent years, we have seen antimicrobial resistance rapidly emerge at a global scale and spread from one country to the other faster than previously thought.... (Review)
Review
In recent years, we have seen antimicrobial resistance rapidly emerge at a global scale and spread from one country to the other faster than previously thought. Superbugs and multidrug-resistant bacteria are endemic in many parts of the world. There is no question that the widespread use, overuse, and misuse of antimicrobials during the last 80 years have been associated with the explosion of antimicrobial resistance. On the other hand, the molecular pathways behind the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria were present since ancient times. Some of these mechanisms are the ancestors of current resistance determinants. Evidently, there are plenty of putative resistance genes in the environment, however, we cannot yet predict which ones would be able to be expressed as phenotypes in pathogenic bacteria and cause clinical disease. In addition, in the presence of inhibitory and sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in natural habitats, one could assume that novel resistance mechanisms will arise against antimicrobial compounds. This review presents an overview of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and describes how these have evolved and how they continue to emerge. As antimicrobial strategies able to bypass the development of resistance are urgently needed, a better understanding of the critical factors that contribute to the persistence and spread of antimicrobial resistance may yield innovative perspectives on the design of such new therapeutic targets.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Biological Evolution; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Evolution, Molecular; Humans
PubMed: 31659373
DOI: 10.1007/s00239-019-09914-3 -
Current Opinion in Oncology Dec 1989
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Current Opinion in Microbiology Oct 2023Our ability to fight infectious diseases is being increasingly compromised due to the emergence and spread of pathogens that become resistant to one or several drugs.... (Review)
Review
Our ability to fight infectious diseases is being increasingly compromised due to the emergence and spread of pathogens that become resistant to one or several drugs. This phenomenon is ubiquitous among pathogens and has parallels in cancer treatment. Given the urgency of the problem, there is a need for a paradigm shift in drug therapy toward one in which the objective to prevent the evolution of drug resistance is considered alongside the main objective of eliminating the infection or tumor. Here, I stress the importance of considering an evolutionary perspective to achieve this goal, and review recent advances in this direction, including therapies that exploit the fitness trade-offs of resistance.
Topics: Drug Resistance; Biological Evolution
PubMed: 37348192
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102350 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Jul 2020Drug resistance is worldwide health care crisis which decrease drug efficacy and developing toxicities. Effective resistance detection techniques could alleviate... (Review)
Review
Drug resistance is worldwide health care crisis which decrease drug efficacy and developing toxicities. Effective resistance detection techniques could alleviate treatment cost and mortality associated with this crisis. In this review, the conventional and modern analysis methods for monitoring of drug resistance are presented. Also, various types of emerging rapid and sensitive techniques including electrochemical, electrical, optical and nano-based methods for the screening of drug resistance were discussed. Applications of various methods for the sensitive and rapid detection of drug resistance are investigated. The review outlines existing key issues in the determination which must be overcome before any of these techniques becomes a feasible method for the rapid detection of drug resistance. In this review, the roles of nanomaterials on development of novel methods for the monitoring of drug resistance were presented. Also, limitations and challenges of conventional and modern methods were discussed.
Topics: Animals; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Electrochemical Techniques; Humans; Nanotechnology
PubMed: 32283481
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113265 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Multidrug resistance is a leading concern in public health. It describes a complex phenotype whose predominant feature is resistance to a wide range of structurally... (Review)
Review
Multidrug resistance is a leading concern in public health. It describes a complex phenotype whose predominant feature is resistance to a wide range of structurally unrelated cytotoxic compounds, many of which are anticancer agents. Multidrug resistance may be also related to antimicrobial drugs, and is known to be one of the most serious global public health threats of this century. Indeed, this phenomenon has increased both mortality and morbidity as a consequence of treatment failures and its incidence in healthcare costs. The large amounts of antibiotics used in human therapies, as well as for farm animals and even for fishes in aquaculture, resulted in the selection of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple drugs. It is not negligible that the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may further contribute to antimicrobial resistance. In this paper, multidrug resistance and antimicrobial resistance are underlined, focusing on the therapeutic options to overcome these obstacles in drug treatments. Lastly, some recent studies on nanodrug delivery systems have been reviewed since they may represent a significant approach for overcoming resistance.
Topics: Animals; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System
PubMed: 35163878
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030616 -
Environmental Microbiology Dec 2021
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial
PubMed: 34773441
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15841 -
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Neoplasms; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
PubMed: 36738554
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115173 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases May 2023
Topics: Humans; Plasmodium vivax; Mefloquine; Plasmodium cynomolgi; Antimalarials; Malaria, Vivax; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Multiple
PubMed: 36478038
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac470 -
Reviews in the Neurosciences Jan 2018Artemin (ARTN) is a member of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of ligands, and its signaling is mediated via a multi-component receptor complex... (Review)
Review
Artemin (ARTN) is a member of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of ligands, and its signaling is mediated via a multi-component receptor complex including the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored GDNF family receptors a (GFRa1, GFRa3) and RET receptor tyrosine kinase. The major mechanism of ARTN action is via binding to a non-signaling co-receptor. The major function of ARTN is to drive the molecule to induce migration and axonal projection from sympathetic neurons. It also promotes the survival, proliferation and neurite outgrowth of sympathetic neurons in vitro. ARTN triggers oncogenicity and metastasis by the activation of the AKT signaling pathway. Recent studies have reported that the expression of ARTN in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with increased tumor size, quick relapse and shorter survival. Furthermore, ARTN promotes drug resistance such as antiestrogens, doxorubicin, fulvestrant, paclitaxel, tamoxifen and trastuzumab. Moreover, ARTN also stimulates the radio-therapeutic resistance. This review highlights the proposed roles of ARTN in cancer cells and discusses recent results supporting its emerging role as an oncogenic, metastatic and drug-resisting agent with a special focus on how these new insights may facilitate rational development of ARTN for targeted therapies in the future.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Drug Resistance; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nerve Tissue Proteins
PubMed: 28937965
DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0029