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Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and... Mar 2016Psoriasis is a chronic disease that has a substantial effect on quality of life of patients and often needs long-term treatment. Topical treatments for psoriasis include... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis is a chronic disease that has a substantial effect on quality of life of patients and often needs long-term treatment. Topical treatments for psoriasis include corticosteroids, vitamin D derivatives, tazarotene, anthralin, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, and newer formulations of tar. Although many of these treatments are effective, they must be prescribed appropriately and used consistently for a period of weeks to months before clinical evidence of improvement can be seen and patients perceive that the treatment is working. As such, medication dosage/schedule, choice of vehicle, and especially patient adherence to medication are key factors for a treatment to be effective. Addressing patient preferences about treatments and concerns about treatment-related toxicities and managing their expectations represent additional aspects of patient care. Therapies such as calcipotriene and betamethasone dipropionate (Cal/BD) fixed combination foam and new drugs and vehicles continuously enhance the treatment landscape for psoriasis. Because adherence to topical treatment can be a major difficulty, keeping the treatment regimen simple and using new and sophisticated treatment vehicles that are acceptable to patients can likely improve treatment outcomes.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Anthralin; Betamethasone; Calcitriol; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evidence-Based Medicine; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Nicotinic Acids; Patient Compliance; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Psoriasis; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Tacrolimus; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin D
PubMed: 27074696
DOI: 10.12788/j.sder.2016.006 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Feb 2016The primary treatment for superficial fungal infections is antifungal topical formulations, and allylamines and azoles represent the two major classes of topical... (Review)
Review
The primary treatment for superficial fungal infections is antifungal topical formulations, and allylamines and azoles represent the two major classes of topical formulations that are used to treat these infections. The stratum corneum (SC) is composed of keratinocytes that are surrounded by a matrix of lipids. The efficacy of topically applied formulations depends on their ability to penetrate this lipid matrix, and the vehicle plays an integral role in the penetration of active molecule into skin. There are several challenges to formulating topical drugs, which include the biotransformation of the active molecules as they pass through the SC and the physical changes that occur to the vehicle itself when it is applied to the skin. This article will review current and emerging topical antifungal vehicles.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Dermatologic Agents; Dermatomycoses; Drug Carriers; Epidermis; Humans
PubMed: 26885798
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Pharmaceutical... 2015The stability of prednisone (5 mg/mL) formulated as a suspension in Oral Mix vehicle was evaluated. Oral Mix is a novel oral, dye-free suspending vehicle developed by...
The stability of prednisone (5 mg/mL) formulated as a suspension in Oral Mix vehicle was evaluated. Oral Mix is a novel oral, dye-free suspending vehicle developed by Medisca Pharmaceutique Inc. for preparation of extemporaneous dosage forms. This drug was chosen based on its high frequency of prescription among the pediatric population. Suspensions were prepared from both pure active and commercial tablets utilizing two different container closures: amber glass bottles and polypropylene syringes (PreciseDose Dispenser Medisca Pharmaceutique Inc.). Formulations were stored at 5°C or 25°C and organoleptic properties, pH, and concentration were evaluated at predetermined time points up to 90 days. Validated stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography methods were developed. Beyond-use date was evaluated by statistical analysis of the overall degradation trend. Prednisone was stable for at least 90 days at 25°C. No changes in organoleptic properties or pH were observed for either of the formulations, and the global stability was roughly equivalent and sometimes superior to the stability of the same drugs in other previously used vehicles. Thus, Oral Mix was found to be a suitable dye-free vehicle for extemporaneous formulations.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Stability; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Prednisone; Suspensions
PubMed: 26625571
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy Nov 1994The compatibility of paclitaxel injection vehicle with a variety of i.v. administration and extension sets was studied in terms of the amount of diethylhexyl phthalate... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The compatibility of paclitaxel injection vehicle with a variety of i.v. administration and extension sets was studied in terms of the amount of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) leached from the sets. Test solutions of paclitaxel injection vehicle corresponding to paclitaxel injection 0.3 and 1.2 mg/mL were prepared in polyolefin bags of 5% dextrose injection. The solutions were delivered in triplicate over 24 hours through 26 models of administration sets and 24 models of extension sets and collected in glass containers. Portions were removed after delivery and analyzed in duplicate for DEHP concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography. All the extension sets were compatible with paclitaxel injection vehicle. Most of the administration sets were also compatible. However, two administration sets were incompatible with paclitaxel vehicle corresponding to either drug concentration, and five sets were incompatible with the vehicle simulating the high (1.2-mg/mL) concentration. Some of the incompatible sets were labeled as not containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Solutions of paclitaxel vehicle leached DEHP from administration sets containing PVC and from some sets labeled as not containing PVC.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diethylhexyl Phthalate; Drug Incompatibility; Drug Storage; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Paclitaxel; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Polyvinyl Chloride
PubMed: 7856604
DOI: No ID Found -
Biomedical Papers of the Medical... Dec 2001With an increasing number of lipophilic drugs under development, homolipids and heterolipids have gained renewed interests as excipients for oral drug delivery systems....
With an increasing number of lipophilic drugs under development, homolipids and heterolipids have gained renewed interests as excipients for oral drug delivery systems. Oral administration has many advantages for chronic drug therapy. It is relatively safe, convenient for the patient and allows self administration. This article is not intended to review the broad area of lipid-based vehicle for oral drug delivery comprehensively. The rationale behind choosing lipids materials for pharmaceutical dosage forms and their applications is discussed. It also comments on the methods for monitoring the physicochemical properties of vehicles and formulations and describes a range of pharmacopoeial excipients suitable for these purposes. The excipients selected here are pharmacopoeial in European Pharmacopoeia 4th Ed., United States Pharmacopoeia 24th Ed./National Formulary 19th Ed. and Japanese Pharmacopoeia 13th Ed. or are drafted in Pharmaeuropa and Pharmacopoeial Forum. Widening availability of lipidic excipients with specific characteristics offer flexibility of application with respect to improving the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs and manipulating release profiles.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Drug Delivery Systems; Excipients; Humans; Lipids; Pharmaceutical Vehicles
PubMed: 12426768
DOI: No ID Found -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2017Skin penetration amounts of a highly lipophilic drug, ufenamate, prepared in four oily vehicles, including white petrolatum (WP), liquid paraffin (LP), isopropyl...
Skin penetration amounts of a highly lipophilic drug, ufenamate, prepared in four oily vehicles, including white petrolatum (WP), liquid paraffin (LP), isopropyl myristate (IPM), and isocetyl stearate (ICS), were compared. Ufenamate was mixed in each vehicle at 5% and applied at a rate of 2 mg/cm to intact, stripped, and delipidized Yucatan micropig skin. The amounts of ufenamate and IPM in the stratum corneum (SC), epidermis, and dermis were determined. The skin penetration amounts of ufenamate from liquid oils were significantly higher than those from WP; the amounts of ufenamate were in the order WP
vehicle viscosities. The IPM skin penetration amount was approximately 20 times that of ufenamate. The skin penetration amounts of ufenamate from the liquid vehicles decreased after application to delipidized skin and were not significantly different among the four vehicles. The skin penetration amounts of the vehicle oils were significant and might disrupt intercellular lipid structures, especially in the strips 1-6 of the SC. In the deeper SC, there was no effect of the vehicle or skin condition. Thus, ufenamate mixed in liquid vehicles was found to be an effective dosage form. Topics: Animals; Drug Carriers; Flufenamic Acid; Oils; Organ Culture Techniques; Skin Absorption; Swine; Swine, Miniature
PubMed: 28154263
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00817 -
Cutis Jul 2011The properties of vehicle formulations may influence drug delivery, efficacy, and tolerance profiles of topical medications. Patient preferences vary and the importance... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
The properties of vehicle formulations may influence drug delivery, efficacy, and tolerance profiles of topical medications. Patient preferences vary and the importance of certain aesthetic attributes depend on the disease state, the site of application, and the length and extent of treatment, among other factors. Formulations that offer aesthetic advantages over traditional vehicles may improve patients' willingness to apply therapy as directed and therefore may affect the outcome of treatment. A participant preference study was conducted to determine if an aqueous gel (hydrogel) formulation of desonide would appeal to patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Before treatment adult participants with AD completed a questionnaire to assess their AD history and prior topical treatments and to rate the importance of topical vehicle attributes. Each participant then applied desonide hydrogel 0.05% to affected areas twice daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment, participants were queried on the attributes of desonide hydrogel and how it compared with other vehicles previously used. Twenty-two participants with mild to moderate AD completed the study; 100% (22/22) of participants found desonide hydrogel to be easy to apply/use/spread, easy to use on hair-bearing skin, comfortable to use under makeup and/or cosmetics, suitable for use on multiple body areas, and stain free. Most participants reported that the product was soothing (82% [18/22]), did not dry the skin (96% [21/22]), disappeared quickly (82% [18/22]), was comfortable to wear under clothes (91% [20/22]), and was not greasy or shiny on skin (96% [21/22]).
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Dermatitis, Atopic; Desonide; Female; Humans; Hydrogels; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Preference; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 21919229
DOI: No ID Found -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Nov 2015The work is aimed at the description and study of the hydration effect of different active substances (hyaluronic acid, sericin, glycerol, and urea) incorporated in two... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
The work is aimed at the description and study of the hydration effect of different active substances (hyaluronic acid, sericin, glycerol, and urea) incorporated in two different vehicles commonly used for compounding pharmaceutical ingredients, gel, and emulsion.
METHODS
The effects of the formulations were investigated by instrumental methods in vivo after their administration to the skin of volar forearms in a group of 20 healthy volunteers (women, mean age of 28 years). Hydration effect was observed by corneometry and barrier properties (TEWL) by tewametr at regular time intervals (1-26 h) after application of the prepared samples.
RESULTS
The results indicate that the active substances incorporated in the emulsion moisturize the skin better compared to the same substances contained in the gel. Furthermore, it was found that these ingredients, whether they are present in the emulsion or in the gel, prevent TEWL in a similar manner.
CONCLUSION
The study showed that differences exist among the tested active ingredients in their ability to moisturize the skin. These differences are dependent not only on the type and concentration of the active substance used but also on the type of vehicle in which they are applied. It was also found that the active substances influence the viscosity of the prepared formulations.
Topics: Adult; Body Water; Drug Compounding; Emulsions; Gels; Humans; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Skin Absorption; Skin Cream; Treatment Outcome; Water Loss, Insensible; Young Adult
PubMed: 25594355
DOI: 10.1111/srt.12206 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Oct 2010A topical comparison in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) should correctly be termed a vehicle rather than a placebo as the vehicle in a dermatologic drug product...
Vehicle or placebo? Investigators use incorrect terminology in randomized controlled trials half of the time: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials published in three major dermatology journals.
BACKGROUND
A topical comparison in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) should correctly be termed a vehicle rather than a placebo as the vehicle in a dermatologic drug product enhances delivery and efficacy of the active compound.
OBJECTIVES
To conduct a systematic review of RCTs involving topical drugs published in the Archives of Dermatology, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology and British Journal of Dermatology for correct classification of studies as vehicle versus placebo-controlled.
METHODS
RCTs involving topical drugs published in the Archives of Dermatology, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology and British Journal of Dermatology from January 1999 to November 2008 were identified through PubMed, supplemented by citation lists from the individual journals' web pages. Only original studies that involved using a topical control or used the term topical "vehicle" or "placebo" were selected. The studies were examined for correct classification as vehicle-controlled, the year of publication, country of origin, sample size, funding source and nature of study center.
RESULTS
Out of 132, 64 (49%) correctly classified their studies as vehicle-controlled. Pharmaceutical-funded studies (55%, P=0.01) were significantly associated with the use of correct classification.
LIMITATIONS
As only three peer-reviewed dermatology journals were studied, findings may not be generalized to other dermatology journals and other types of publications.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review highlights a common pitfall in the reporting of studies of topical dermatology drugs.
Topics: Humans; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Placebos; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Skin Diseases; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 20941946
DOI: No ID Found -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Feb 1993The novel binary vehicle system consisting of ethanol (EtOH) and Panasate 800 as tricaprylin was applied to five types of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and its...
The novel binary vehicle system consisting of ethanol (EtOH) and Panasate 800 as tricaprylin was applied to five types of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and its enhancing effect on drug permeation across hairless mouse skin in vitro was assessed. The permeability of all drugs was remarkably increased by the treatment of skin with EtOH/Panasate 800 binary systems compared with either EtOH or Panasate 800 alone, and the effect reached a maximum in EtOH/Panasate 800 (40/60) system. With regard to this binary system, the skin permeation ratio or flux of the drug increased in the following order: salicyluric acid (SU) > salicylic acid (SA) > alclofenac (ALC) > ketoprofen (KP) > ibuprofen (IBU). The one-layer skin model was applied concerning the above skin permeation profiles of the five drugs. Diffusion parameter (D'), partition parameter (K'), and permeation constant (Kp = D' x K') were calculated using the Laplace-transformed equations with the aid of MULTI (FILT). It was well demonstrated that the reduction of lag time and the increase of flux caused by EtOH/Panasate 800 binary vehicle systems was due to an increase of D' value by Panasate 800 and K' value by EtOH, respectively, in the skin. Especially, the EtOH/Panasate 800 (40/60) binary vehicle system produced the largest Kp value in each drug. In relation to all the EtOH/Panasate 800 binary vehicle systems, the logarithms of calculated Kp were found to be in inverse proportion to the logarithms of a n-octanol/water partition coefficient (P) of the drug which appeared in previous literature.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Caprylates; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Diffusion; Ethanol; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Permeability; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Skin Absorption; Triglycerides
PubMed: 8364453
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.16.168