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JBRA Assisted Reproduction Dec 2016This study aimed to test the effects on sperm viability of transporting cryopreserved semen samples on dry ice.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to test the effects on sperm viability of transporting cryopreserved semen samples on dry ice.
METHODS
Twenty normozoospermic semen samples were cryopreserved and divided into five groups. The samples in Group 1 were immersed in liquid nitrogen throughout the experiment in cryogenic storage tanks; the cryopreserved straws in Group 2 were placed in a Styrofoam box containing dry ice and kept under these conditions for 48 hours; the samples in Group 3 were kept for 48 hours on dry ice under the same conditions as the Group 2 samples, and were then moved to a storage tank filled with liquid nitrogen; Group 4 samples were also kept for 48 hours in dry ice storage, and the Styrofoam box containing the samples was shipped by plane to assess the effects of shipping; the samples in Group 5 were shipped together with the Group 4 samples and were placed in a storage tank with liquid nitrogen after spending 48 hours stored on dry ice. After thawing, sperm parameters were analyzed for viability, vitality, and motility; spermatozoa were also tested for mitochondrial activity.
RESULTS
Significant decreases in motility recovery rates (P=0.01) and vitality (P=0.001) were observed in all groups when compared to the control group. Mitochondrial activity was significantly decreased only in Group 5 (P=0.04), as evidenced by greater numbers of sperm cells not stained by reagent 3,3'-diaminobenzidine.
CONCLUSIONS
Transportation did not affect the quality of cryopreserved semen samples, but dry ice as a means to preserve the samples during transportation had detrimental effects upon the sperm parameters assessed in this study.
PubMed: 28050956
DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20160042 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022This article presents the outcome of research on modelling the process of the extrusion of crystalline dry ice. The purpose of this process is to densify the material...
This article presents the outcome of research on modelling the process of the extrusion of crystalline dry ice. The purpose of this process is to densify the material and obtain pellets of several millimeters in diameter. This reduces the sublimation rate in ambient conditions of the material whose temperature in a solid state is 195 K. A lower sublimation rate means a reduction of the loss of product in its final applications, which include refrigeration and reduction of atmospheric emissions of gaseous CO. A ram-type extruder was considered in this analysis, in which dry ice was extruded through a single-hole die of varying geometry. The article presents the results of numerical analyses of the extrusion process, using a simulation method based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) approach. The results from simulations were verified by the experimental data in terms of the maximum force required to complete the process, in order to assess the applicability of the proposed method in further research on dry ice compression.
PubMed: 36431727
DOI: 10.3390/ma15228242 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023The management of waste materials, particularly non-biodegradable substances such as plastics and composites, is an increasingly pressing issue. Energy efficiency in...
The management of waste materials, particularly non-biodegradable substances such as plastics and composites, is an increasingly pressing issue. Energy efficiency in industrial processes is crucial throughout their life cycle, including the handling of materials such as carbon dioxide (CO), which has a significant environmental impact. This study focuses on the conversion of solid CO into pellets using ram extrusion, a widely used technique. The length of the die land (DL) in this process plays a critical role in determining the maximum extrusion force and the density of dry ice pellets. However, the influence of DL length on the characteristics of dry ice snow, known as compressed carbon dioxide (CCD), remains understudied. To address this research gap, the authors conducted experimental trials using a customized ram extrusion setup, varying the DL length while keeping the other parameters constant. The results demonstrate a substantial correlation between DL length and both the maximum extrusion force and dry ice pellets density. Increasing the DL length leads to a decreased extrusion force and optimized pellet density. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the ram extrusion process of dry ice pellets and improving waste management, energy efficiency, and product quality in industries utilizing this technique.
PubMed: 37374466
DOI: 10.3390/ma16124281 -
Australian Dental Journal Feb 1976Cryosurgery offers a means of destroying tissue by subjecting it to extreme cold. The mechanisms by which cells die are as yet poorly understood, but reliable and...
Cryosurgery offers a means of destroying tissue by subjecting it to extreme cold. The mechanisms by which cells die are as yet poorly understood, but reliable and predictable clinical results have been obtained in the treatment of a wide range of benign and premalignant oral lesions. Its effectiveness in the primary treatment of malignant oral lesion has not been adequately assessed but at least it offers palliation and relief of intractable pain where conventional cancer therapy has failed. The use of carbon dioxide 'snow' has been tested and found to be a simple and effective means of treating superficial benign lesions of the mouth.
Topics: Animals; Cold Temperature; Cryosurgery; Crystallization; Dry Ice; Extracellular Space; Freezing; Humans; Intracellular Fluid; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Neoplasms; Regional Blood Flow; Wound Healing
PubMed: 1065272
DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.1976.tb04415.x -
Journal of Fish Biology Mar 2020Larval fishes provide a valuable metric for assessing and monitoring species, populations, and ecosystem trends and condition. However, taxonomic resolution for this...
Larval fishes provide a valuable metric for assessing and monitoring species, populations, and ecosystem trends and condition. However, taxonomic resolution for this life stage is inherently problematic because of their individual sizes, limited morphological characteristics and high tissue degradation rates. There is little research on methods that rapidly preserve larval tissues for later morphological and molecular identification. The goal of this study was to test methods of rapidly killing fish embryos that maintain both morphological and molecular integrity. Rapid cooling with dry ice successfully maintained morphological and molecular integrity and may offer a simple and cost-effective approach for larval fish identification.
Topics: Animals; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; Dry Ice; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Fishes; Preservation, Biological
PubMed: 31893466
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14248 -
Poultry Science Feb 2011To develop a method that can maintain egg freshness during practical storage conditions, eggs were coated with chitosan and stored with or without dry ice. The...
To develop a method that can maintain egg freshness during practical storage conditions, eggs were coated with chitosan and stored with or without dry ice. The physicochemical and microbiological qualities of eggs were evaluated during 14 d of storage at 4 and 23°C without dry ice and at 23°C with dry ice. The combination of chitosan coating and dry ice significantly inhibited a Haugh unit decrease during storage at 23 °C. No difference in functional properties, such as foaming ability, foam stability, and viscosity, among treatments was observed, but chitosan coating and storage with dry ice decreased the rate of pH increase and moisture loss in albumen at d 7 and 14. The eggs treated with chitosan coating and storage with dry ice had a significantly lower number of Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated on the egg surface than did control eggs during storage at 23°C. Results revealed that the combination of chitosan coating and storage with dry ice limited the moisture loss, CO(2) emission, and pH increase, which helped maintaining the freshness of eggs. Microbial growth was also inhibited during storage at 23°C.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Chitosan; Dry Ice; Egg Shell; Egg White; Egg Yolk; Eggs; Food Handling; Salmonella typhimurium; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
PubMed: 21248345
DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00966 -
Legal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Sep 2023We report the autopsy case of a male in his 60 s diagnosed with carbon dioxide (CO) poisoning caused by dry ice for cooling in a coffin during a funeral wake. He was...
We report the autopsy case of a male in his 60 s diagnosed with carbon dioxide (CO) poisoning caused by dry ice for cooling in a coffin during a funeral wake. He was last seen alive, clinging to his family member's body with his head inside the coffin. The autopsy and histological findings did not indicate a specific cause of death. To confirm the concentrations of CO and oxygen (O) in the coffin, an experiment was conducted to reconstruct the scene. Based on the experimental results, 9 h after placing dry ice, the CO concentration at the estimated closest point to his head was 24%, a lethal level for CO poisoning. Contrastingly, although the concentration of O had fallen, it never reached a lethal concentration at any of the determination points during the experiment, thereby ruling out asphyxia as a cause of death. Based on our findings, we concluded that the cause of his death was CO poisoning. Forensic pathologists tend to overlook CO poisoning unless suspected, as it does not exhibit specific autopsy findings. For the diagnosis of CO poisoning, it is essential to collect detailed information about the deceased and the scene of death. The toxicity of CO itself is not well known, although dry ice is widely available to the public. In order to make its risk well known, it is necessary to inform people about the dangers of using dry ice.
Topics: Humans; Male; Dry Ice; Carbon Dioxide; Autopsy; Asphyxia; Accidents; Oxygen
PubMed: 37506607
DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102298 -
Application of ozonated dry ice (ALIGAL™ Blue Ice) for packaging and transport in the food industry.Journal of Food Science May 2012Dry ice is used by meat and poultry processors for temperature reduction during processing and for temperature maintenance during transportation. ALIGAL™ Blue Ice...
Dry ice is used by meat and poultry processors for temperature reduction during processing and for temperature maintenance during transportation. ALIGAL™ Blue Ice (ABI), which combines the antimicrobial effect of ozone (O(3)) along with the high cooling capacity of dry ice, was investigated for its effect on bacterial reduction in air, in liquid, and on food and glass surfaces. Through proprietary means, O(3) was introduced to produce dry ice pellets to a concentration of 20 parts per million (ppm) by total weight. The ABI sublimation rate was similar to that of dry ice pellets under identical conditions, and ABI was able to hold the O(3) concentration throughout the normal shelf life of the product. Challenge studies were performed using different microorganisms, including E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, and Listeria, that are critical to food safety. ABI showed significant (P < 0.05) microbial reduction during bioaerosol contamination (up to 5-log reduction of E. coli and Listeria), on chicken breast (approximately 1.3-log reduction of C. jejuni), on contact surfaces (approximately 3.9 log reduction of C. jejuni), and in liquid (2-log reduction of C. jejuni). Considering the stability of O(3), ease of use, and antimicrobial efficacy against foodborne pathogens, our results suggest that ABI is a better alternative, especially for meat and poultry processors, as compared to dry ice. Further, ABI can potentially serve as an additional processing hurdle to guard against pathogens during processing, transportation, distribution, and/or storage.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Campylobacter jejuni; Chickens; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Dry Ice; Escherichia coli; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Food Packaging; Food Quality; Inhalation Spacers; Listeria; Meat; Ozone; Salmonella
PubMed: 23163945
DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02682.x -
Dermatologic Surgery : Official... Jul 1999The cosmetic dermatologic surgeon can improve facial scars by using a variety of techniques. Chemical peels, lasers, and dermabrasion are among the most common...
BACKGROUND
The cosmetic dermatologic surgeon can improve facial scars by using a variety of techniques. Chemical peels, lasers, and dermabrasion are among the most common modalities used. In recent years, laser resurfacing has enjoyed great popularity; however, there is still a role for the time-honored and effective technique of dermabrasion. The recent withdrawal of Freon from the market has made dermabrasion more difficult.
OBJECTIVE
To introduce a novel technique of using solid carbon dioxide (CO2) to freeze the skin before dermabrasion.
METHOD
Twenty-five consecutive patients with facial acne scars underwent a combination of procedures including chemical peeling and CO2 laser resurfacing, followed by freeze-dermabrasion. Compressed CO2 was then used to make a solid ball of dry ice. The ice was used to freeze the skin prior to dermabrasion. After the application of the dry ice ball to the skin for about 4 seconds, the scares were dermabraded with the large mushroom wheel. As the tissue defrosted, the operator started at the outer edge of the freeze and planed into the center. This procedure was repeated until the desired improvement was achieved.
RESULTS
With dry ice, a good skin turgor was achieved. This provided a good foundation for the sanding of the acne scars. The patients were pleased with the results and complications were minimal.
CONCLUSION
"Home-made" dry ice works as well as Freon in providing skin turgor for dermabrasion. CO2 dry ice has the added benefits of being inexpensive and environmentally friendly.
Topics: Adult; Chemexfoliation; Cicatrix; Combined Modality Therapy; Dermabrasion; Dry Ice; Equipment Design; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Laser Therapy; Male; Postoperative Care; Retreatment
PubMed: 10469111
DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.99027.x -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021The efficiency of material consumption is an important consideration for production processes; this is particularly true for processes that use waste materials. Dry ice...
The efficiency of material consumption is an important consideration for production processes; this is particularly true for processes that use waste materials. Dry ice extrusion serves as a good example. An examination of the literature on this subject leads to an observation that the commercially available machines for dry ice compression are characterized by a high value of working force. Consequently, the effectiveness of the source consumption, electric energy and carbon dioxide, is very low. The subject of the experimental research presented in the article is the influence of the density of dry ice on the value of Young's modulus. The first part of the article presents the test methodology and the special test stand that was developed to accommodate the unique characteristics of solid-state carbon dioxide. The test results present the characteristics of compaction and relaxation used as the basis for determining the value of Young's modulus. Based on the test results obtained for various material density values, the characteristics of Young's modulus are developed and graphed as a function of the density. The presented results are important for furthering the research on the development of extrusion and compaction processes; for example, using the Drucker-Prager/Cap model for the purpose of optimizing the geometrical characteristics of the work assembly components.
PubMed: 34947356
DOI: 10.3390/ma14247763