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Journal of Medical Entomology May 2011The carbon dioxide-baited trap is the most common and effective method for sampling vector life-stage Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae), although confounding...
The carbon dioxide-baited trap is the most common and effective method for sampling vector life-stage Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae), although confounding environmental variables are rarely considered. A mark-recapture experiment was designed to compare recapture proportions of A. americanum nymphs and adults between two habitat types: old field and oak-hickory forest. Powdered fluorescent dye was used to mark A. americanum ticks released in 1-m increments from carbon dioxide-baited traps. Adults were recaptured in significantly higher proportion than nymphs, but habitat type had no significant effect on recapture proportions. Tick abundance is an important parameter in the estimation of human risk of exposure to tick-borne disease and the influence of life stage on capture rates should be considered when calculating entomological risk.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Dry Ice; Ecosystem; Entomology; Fluorescent Dyes; Ixodidae; Missouri; Nymph; Population Density
PubMed: 21661336
DOI: 10.1603/me10275 -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine May 2009Exposure to a high concentration of environmental carbon dioxide (CO2) can result in poisoning through direct toxicity and by displacing atmospheric oxygen (O2). Dry ice...
BACKGROUND
Exposure to a high concentration of environmental carbon dioxide (CO2) can result in poisoning through direct toxicity and by displacing atmospheric oxygen (O2). Dry ice undergoes sublimation to a gaseous state at -78.5 degrees C (-109.3 degrees F), which is heavier than air and can accumulate in dependent areas.
CASE REPORT
We report the case of a 59-year-old man found in cardiac arrest shortly after entering a recently repaired walk-in freezer that contained dry ice. First responders and bystanders did not recognize the proximate hazardous environment but were fortunately uninjured. A careful Emergency Department history coupled with rapid case investigation by the Medical Examiner's Office led to the determination of the cause of death and the elimination of the ongoing hazard.
CONCLUSION
This case illustrates the lethal consequences of improper storage of dry ice and the need to consider toxic environmental exposure as a cause of sudden cardiac arrest.
Topics: Asphyxia; Dry Ice; Fatal Outcome; Freezing; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Health; Workplace
PubMed: 18814998
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.02.051 -
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Jun 2017Here we report a new low temperature dry ice carbonation approach for the synthesis of carbonate-based nano- and micro-particulate materials, which enables the...
Here we report a new low temperature dry ice carbonation approach for the synthesis of carbonate-based nano- and micro-particulate materials, which enables the preparation of monodispersed calcium carbonate nanoparticles and microspheres with very high purity phases.
PubMed: 28585625
DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01420a -
Physical Therapy Jul 1987The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the ability of wet ice (WI), dry ice (DI), and cryogenic packs (CGPs) to reduce and maintain the reduction of... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the ability of wet ice (WI), dry ice (DI), and cryogenic packs (CGPs) to reduce and maintain the reduction of skin temperature directly under the cooling agent and to determine whether the cooling effect on skin extended beyond the surface area in contact with the cooling agent. Ten female volunteers participated in the study, and each of the three cold modalities was applied randomly to the skin overlying the right triceps surae muscle. After 15 minutes of cold application, mean skin temperatures recorded under WI, DI, and CGP decreased 12 degrees, 9.9 degrees, and 7.3 degrees C, respectively. The only significant differences in cooling were between WI and DI and between WI and CGP. Fifteen minutes after removal of the cold modalities, no significant differences were found in mean skin temperature between WI, DI, and CGP. The residual mean decrease in skin temperature between the pretreatment rest interval (time 0) and 15 minutes after removal of the cold modality (time 30) was significant for WI only. No cooling was demonstrated 1 cm proximal or distal to any of the cooling agents after 15 minutes of cold application. These findings provide valuable information for the use of cryotherapy in the clinical setting.
Topics: Adult; Body Temperature Regulation; Dry Ice; Female; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Ice; Physical Therapy Modalities; Skin; Statistics as Topic; Thermometers
PubMed: 3602101
DOI: 10.1093/ptj/67.7.1080 -
Journal of Forensic Sciences Jul 2009This report documents a rare case of carbon dioxide intoxication in a young healthy male. The deceased hid in a small plastic container, size 1.5 x 1 x 1 m, and within 5...
This report documents a rare case of carbon dioxide intoxication in a young healthy male. The deceased hid in a small plastic container, size 1.5 x 1 x 1 m, and within 5 min he was located suffering convulsions and was reported as dead within minutes. Scene investigation revealed dry ice in the container. Autopsy findings were unremarkable. The probable cause of the convulsions was carbon dioxide intoxication due to both the dry ice sublimation and the small confined space in which he was hiding. This report emphasizes the significance of scene investigation in establishing the cause of the death.
Topics: Brain; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Confined Spaces; Dry Ice; Forensic Pathology; Humans; Lung; Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 19486434
DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01057.x -
Journal of Chromatography. A Jul 2011This study describes a new QuEChERS method referred to as the dry ice-partitioning QuEChERS method. This current method can be differentiated from the other QuEChERS...
This study describes a new QuEChERS method referred to as the dry ice-partitioning QuEChERS method. This current method can be differentiated from the other QuEChERS methods in the sense that it uses dry ice rather than salts or buffers to extract and partition pesticides in the first extraction step. The dry ice-partitioning QuEChERS method consists of extraction method A (for detection of the acetonitrile layer) and extraction method B (for detection of both acetonitrile and aqueous layers). The extraction efficiency was then compared with the citrate-buffering QuEChERS method by means of recovery. Recovery values of the tested 168 pesticides were above 76%, with relative standard deviations of less than 20%. Certain problematic pesticides, including benfuracarb, carbosulfan, dichlofluanid, probenazole, pymetrozine, tolylfluanid, TFNA, and TFNG evidenced acceptable recoveries via the dry ice-partitioning QuEChERS method compared to the less than 70% recoveries of the citrate-buffering QuEChERS method examined herein. The matrix effect of paprika on the method developed herein was not significant, and matrix-matched calibration was performed well, with an r(2)≥0.99. The dry ice-partitioning QuEChERS method is capable of detecting the aqueous layer as well as the acetonitrile layer; this interesting feature makes it worth in application as an alternative QuEChERS method for the multiresidue analysis of pesticides within a broad polarity range in various matrices.
Topics: Capsicum; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, Liquid; Dry Ice; Pesticide Residues; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 21632058
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.021 -
Journal of Medical Entomology Feb 2019Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is a potentially serious vector-borne disease endemic to the western United States. Vector surveillance is compromised by the...
Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is a potentially serious vector-borne disease endemic to the western United States. Vector surveillance is compromised by the nidicolous life history of the three Ornithodoros species that transmit TBRF to people in this region. Large-scale stationary trapping methods were developed to survey a wide geographical range of Ornithodoros spp. which are known to vector relapsing fever Borrelia spp. in California. Ninety-six Ornithodoros parkeri were collected from four locations in the foothills of Fresno and Madera Counties. Two of these O. parkeri nymphs were PCR positive for Borrelia parkeri, and their collection at a popular recreation site increases the public health concern.
Topics: Animals; Borrelia; California; Dry Ice; Female; Male; Ornithodoros
PubMed: 30517684
DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy213 -
Journal of Medical Entomology Aug 1967
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Diptera; Freezing; Insect Control; Preservation, Biological
PubMed: 6052147
DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/4.3.360 -
Animal Reproduction Science Sep 2023This study aimed to investigate the effects of storing horse semen either in a dry shipper (≤ -150 °C) or on dry ice (≤ -78 °C) for up to 14 days. A total of 264...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of storing horse semen either in a dry shipper (≤ -150 °C) or on dry ice (≤ -78 °C) for up to 14 days. A total of 264 frozen semen straws from male horses (n = 8) stored in liquid nitrogen were transferred on day 0 (d0) to a dry shipper or a dry ice styrofoam box. On d1, d3, d7, d10, and d14, straws from the dry shipper and dry ice were returned to the liquid nitrogen container. Semen was evaluated by CASA for total (TMot), progressive motility (PMot) and sperm velocity parameters, by fluorescence microscopy for percentage of membrane-intact sperm (SYBR14/PI), high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP; JC1) and DNA fragmentation. Temperature inside the containers was monitored continuously. Until d7, no changes were observed in TMot, PMot, and membrane-intact spermatozoa. Thereafter, all three parameters decreased in semen stored on dry ice but not in a dry shipper (time p < 0.001, time x shipping device p < 0.001). The HMMP decreased continuously over time in both containers with a more pronounced decrease on dry ice compared to the dry shipper (shipping device p < 0.01, time p < 0.001, time x device p < 0.001). The DNA fragmentation increased on d10-14 on dry ice and d14 in the dry shipper (time p < 0.001, time x device p < 0.01). In conclusion, frozen horse semen can be safely stored for up to 7 days on dry ice. Sperm DNA integrity and HMMP, however, were adversely affected after 14 days in both shipping devices.
Topics: Male; Horses; Animals; Semen; Temperature; Dry Ice; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Cryopreservation; Semen Preservation; Nitrogen
PubMed: 37499284
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107307 -
International Journal of Emergency... Dec 2017The goal of this article was to provide an overview of the literature available on carbon dioxide intoxication. Articles were included based on their focus on medical or... (Review)
Review
The goal of this article was to provide an overview of the literature available on carbon dioxide intoxication. Articles were included based on their focus on medical or physiological effects of carbon dioxide. Studies related to decompression sickness were excluded. Mechanisms of carbon dioxide poising (both as an asphyxiant and as a toxicant) were described. Our review suggested that precautions are needed when handling dry ice or while working in confined spaces. Pre-hospital responders also need to pay attention for the possible diagnosis of CO intoxication for their own safety. When confronted with a victim, he/she should be removed from the dangerous area as fast as possible and oxygen should be administered. Without adequate treatment, victims may show acute reduced cognitive performance, respiratory failure, and circulatory arrest. Therefore, carbon dioxide poisoning is a rare but not to miss diagnosis in the emergency department.
PubMed: 28378268
DOI: 10.1186/s12245-017-0142-y