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IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1997
Review
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Coal; Dust; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Occupational Exposure
PubMed: 9268740
DOI: No ID Found -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2022Recent achievement and progress in solar PV play a significant role in controlling climate change. This study reviewed comprehensively electrical characteristics, life... (Review)
Review
Recent achievement and progress in solar PV play a significant role in controlling climate change. This study reviewed comprehensively electrical characteristics, life cycle of dust, optical characteristics, and different cleaning techniques related to the effect of dust on the performance of PV modules throughout different climate regions of the world. The power maximum power point (MPP) and curve of PV module under the effect of irradiance and temperature were presented. The effect of dust (shading) on the electrical efficiency of PV module was discussed based on soft, partial, and complete (soiling) shading. The physical properties of dust around the globe such as PM concentration, dust loading (mgm), and fine dust particles concentration were covered and discussed. Reasons behind the accumulation of dust based on, location and installation factors, dust type, and environmental factors. Environmental reasons causing dust and dust removal in accordance with the life cycle of dust was covered in detail. All the reasons that cause the generation, accumulation and removal of dust during its life cycle were explained. All forces responsible for the adhesion phase of the dust life cycle were presented. The effect of dust on PV module transmittance and electrical parameters module were discussed in detail based on physical properties of the dust at its location and installation conditions. Self-cleaning super hydrophobic surfaces based on methods such as solvents, vapor-assisted coating, powder coating, and polymerization were discussed. All cleaning technologies, including self-cleaning technologies, based on the material coating used, and the manufacturing of PV cells was compared. The future prospective for PV technologies and cleaning methods were also covered.
Topics: Dust; Electricity; Solar Energy
PubMed: 35217056
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154050 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022A dust generator was developed to disperse and maintain a desired concentration of airborne dust in a controlled environment chamber to study poultry physiological...
A dust generator was developed to disperse and maintain a desired concentration of airborne dust in a controlled environment chamber to study poultry physiological response to sustained elevated levels of particulate matter. The goal was to maintain an indicated PM10 concentration of 50 µg/m of airborne dust in a 3.7 m × 4.3 m × 2.4 m (12 ft × 14 ft × 8 ft) controlled environment chamber. The chamber had a 1.5 m/s (3200 cfm) filtered recirculation air handling system that regulated indoor temperature levels and a 0.06 m/s (130 cfm) exhaust fan that exchanged indoor air for fresh outdoor air. Dry powdered red oak wood dust that passed through an 80-mesh screen cloth was used for the experiment. The dust generator metered dust from a rectangular feed hopper with a flat bottom belt to a 0.02 m/s (46 cfm) centrifugal blower. A vibratory motor attached to the hopper ran only when the belt was operated to prevent bridging of powdered materials and to provide an even material feed rate. A laser particle counter was used to measure the concentration of airborne dust and provided feedback to an Arduino-based control system that operated the dust generator. The dust generator was operated using a duty cycle of one second on for every five seconds off to allow time for dispersed dust to mix with chamber air and reach the laser particle counter. The control system maintained an airborne PM10 dust concentration of 54.92 ± 6.42 µg/m in the controlled environment chamber during six weeks of continuous operation using red oak wood dust. An advantage of the automatically controlled dust generator was that it continued to operate to reach the setpoint concentration in response to changes in material flow due to humidity, partial blockages, and non-uniform composition of the material being dispersed. Challenges included dust being trapped by the recirculation filter and the exhaust fan removing airborne dust from the environmental chamber.
Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Dust; Environmental Monitoring; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Powders
PubMed: 35746354
DOI: 10.3390/s22124574 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Feb 2019Coal mine dust continues to be a health and safety issue in underground coal mines. Coal seam water infusion was developed and widely applied in European coal mines for... (Review)
Review
Coal mine dust continues to be a health and safety issue in underground coal mines. Coal seam water infusion was developed and widely applied in European coal mines for dust control, and was also a common practice in most Chinese coal mines. This method typically involves the infusion of water into the coal seam to increase its moisture content, and therefore reduce dust generation during mining operations. With the availability of other dust control methods such as water spraying systems, the water infusion method has not been considered as a viable means for dust mitigation in modern mines. However, the increase in production output and the deployment of more powerful equipment for coal cutting and transport and intensive gas drainage practices mean that workers could be exposed to more dust contaminations. Whilst the mine operators are committed to suppress and dilute airborne dust particles using these passive measures, there is a need to critically examine and subsequently develop this proactive dust control technology for practical applications in Chinese coal mines. The paper provides a critical review of the water infusion technologies in view of its technological advances and practical application limitations. The methods of water infusion, mechanism of water flow in coal, the role of surfactants and the key parameters influencing the effect of water infusion on dust control are identified and discussed. Existing problems and prospects for water infusion are analysed.
Topics: Coal Mining; Dust; Humans; Occupational Exposure; Water
PubMed: 30617885
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04086-x -
Forensic Science International Mar 2020While most evidence types considered by forensic scientists result from the interactions between criminals, objects or victims at crime scenes, dust evidence arises from...
While most evidence types considered by forensic scientists result from the interactions between criminals, objects or victims at crime scenes, dust evidence arises from the mere presence of individuals and objects at locations of interest. Dust is ubiquitous. Yet, the use of dust evidence is anecdotical and is limited to cases where rare and characteristic particles are observed. The dust at any given location contains a large number of particles from different types and the dust present on an object or individual traveling across locations may be indicative of the locations recently visited by an individual, and, in particular, of the presence of an individual at a particular site of interest, e.g., the scene of a crime. In this paper, we propose to represent dust mixtures as vectors of counts of the individual particles, which can be characterised by any appropriate analytical technique. This strategy enables us to describe a dust mixture as a mixture of multinomial distributions over a fixed number of dust particle types. Using a latent Dirichlet allocation model, we make inference on (a) the contributions of sites of interest to a dust mixture, and (b) the particle profiles associated with these sites.
Topics: Algorithms; Bayes Theorem; Dust; Models, Theoretical; Statistical Distributions
PubMed: 32058271
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110144 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jan 2023This research is concerned with performing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to investigate the air flow and dust deposition behavior around a...
This research is concerned with performing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to investigate the air flow and dust deposition behavior around a ground-mounted solar PV panel. The discrete phase model (DPM) is adopted to model the gas-solid flow. The influence of the wind speed, the dust particle size, and the dust material on the dust deposition rate was investigated based on the environment of Cairo, Egypt. The wind speeds range between 1 and 11.5 m/s with an average of 3.7 m/s. It is found that increasing the wind speed decreases the dust deposition rate. For wind speeds higher than 2 m/s, it is found that increasing the dust particle diameter or the dust density increases the dust deposition rate. For wind speeds lower than 2 m/s, it is found that there is a critical particle size before which increasing the dust density causes dust deposition rate to increase and after which increasing the dust density decreases the dust deposition. The maximum percentage of deposition rate equals 10.8% and occurs for the dolomite dust material at a wind speed of 2 m/s and particles diameter of 150 μm.
Topics: Dust; Environmental Monitoring; Particle Size; Wind; Hydrodynamics
PubMed: 36109484
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22993-y -
Science Bulletin Dec 2021Asian dust storms have long been a major environmental concern in China, affecting the lives of about one billion people. However, it is unclear whether the mechanisms...
Asian dust storms have long been a major environmental concern in China, affecting the lives of about one billion people. However, it is unclear whether the mechanisms responsible for Asian dust storms during the Holocene varied on different timescales, and thus it is unclear whether there was a shift from a natural forcing to an anthropogenic forcing of dust storms. We reconstructed a high-resolution Holocene record of dust storms from the sediments of an undisturbed alpine lake on the Chinese Loess Plateau. We found that Asian dust storm activity generally increased during the Holocene, with the largest fluctuations occurring during the past 2000 years. The increase in dust storm activity was in contrast to the decrease in East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) intensity during the Holocene, indicating that the EAWM played a limited role in modulating dust storms. By contrast, the increase in dust storms corresponded to a decrease in EASM precipitation. This demonstrates that EASM precipitation was the dominant control of dust storm activity on a millennial timescale, because decreased EASM precipitation expanded the desert area and thus increased the dust storm activity. The increasing intensity of human activity in the region since the Bronze Age resulted in an acceleration of dust storm activity against the background of decreased EASM precipitation. As human disturbance continued to intensify, beginning at least at ~2 cal ka BP, increased dust storms were closely linked to increasing human populations in the dust source regions, and there is a strong temporal coherence between increased dust storms and higher EASM precipitation. This was completely different from when natural processes are dominant. During that period, fewer dust storms occurred during periods of a strengthened EASM. Therefore, there was a shift from a natural forcing to an anthropogenic forcing of dust storms on a multi-decadal to centennial timescale, and was a mode in which "human activity overtook the EASM as the dominant control of the Earth surface system".
Topics: Humans; China; Dust; Seasons
PubMed: 36654211
DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.08.008 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Sep 2023The utilization of solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation represents a highly promising technological solution for addressing environmental challenges and energy...
The utilization of solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation represents a highly promising technological solution for addressing environmental challenges and energy crises. Dust deposition on the front and back surfaces of solar bifacial PV panels greatly decreases the optical performance and power generation. In this study, the dust deposition characteristics and mechanism of solar bifacial PV panels are investigated using the CFD-DEM method. The effects of the dust deposition rate on the output characteristics of bifacial PV panels are discussed. The research results show that the particle deposition behaviors on the back and front surfaces of bifacial PV panels are influenced by the deposition and separation forces at the left or right inlets. The dust deposition rate of windward surfaces can be 1.48-7.60 times that of the leeward surfaces of bifacial PV panels. The particle motion trajectories on the windward and leeward sides can be mainly divided into five and three kinds, respectively. The dust deposition rate of bifacial PV panels increases when the air inlet velocity decreases and the particle size and concentration and relative humidity increase. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current of bifacial PV panels decreased by 26.7% and 16.4%, respectively, when the dust deposition rate increases by 45.8%. The attenuation rate of the maximum output power of PV panels has a positive linear correlation with the dust deposition rate, as shown in Eq. 22. The bifacial PV panels have better output characteristics than the mono-facial PV panels with consideration of dust deposition.
Topics: Dust; Solar Energy; Particle Size
PubMed: 37644273
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29518-1 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Nov 2020
Topics: Air Pollutants; Dust; Humans; Particulate Matter
PubMed: 33141602
DOI: 10.1289/EHP7845 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) May 2022Breakdown of "biocrusts" allows wind to attack dryland soils.
Breakdown of "biocrusts" allows wind to attack dryland soils.
Topics: Dust; Soil; Wind
PubMed: 35587957
DOI: 10.1126/science.add0536