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Neurology India Jun 1999Pure acute or subacute dysautonomia is a rare entity. Its etiology is as yet unknown. However, majority of these cases have a preceding viral infection such as herpes... (Review)
Review
Pure acute or subacute dysautonomia is a rare entity. Its etiology is as yet unknown. However, majority of these cases have a preceding viral infection such as herpes simplex, infectious mononucleosis, rubella or coxsackie B. A unique patient in whom acute dysautonomia followed mumps is reported.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Female; Humans; Mumps
PubMed: 10402339
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Oct 1958
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Dysautonomia, Familial; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases
PubMed: 13584029
DOI: 10.1136/adc.33.171.465 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Oct 1958
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Dysautonomia, Familial; Lacrimal Apparatus; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases
PubMed: 13576403
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(58)80243-7 -
The Veterinary Record Nov 1986
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Cat Diseases; Cats; Male
PubMed: 3788012
DOI: 10.1136/vr.119.19.483-a -
Journal of the American Veterinary... May 1988Autonomic dysfunction was diagnosed in a 2.5-year-old spayed domestic shorthair cat. The cat had an 8-day history of progressive anorexia, signs of depression,...
Autonomic dysfunction was diagnosed in a 2.5-year-old spayed domestic shorthair cat. The cat had an 8-day history of progressive anorexia, signs of depression, constipation, weight loss, and intermittent regurgitation. Physical examination findings were signs of depression, dehydration, cachexia, bradycardia, bilateral nonresponsive mydriasis, prolapse of both nictitating membranes, dry oral and nasal mucous membranes, and urinary bladder atony. Thoracic radiography revealed megaesophagus. The cat lacked esophageal motility and had a decreased gastric emptying rate. Providing adequate fluid intake, electrolyte balance, and nutrition is a major problem in the management of dysautonomic cats. We were able to provide adequate nutritional support for this patient, using total parenteral feeding and, later, enteral nutrition using a nasogastric tube. Results of an ocular pharmacologic study indicated that the mydriasis and prolapse of the nictitating membrane were attributable to complete autonomic denervation of the eye. Using the method described, topical, autonomic-stimulating agents may assist the clinician in diagnosing dysautonomia in the feline. This report describes a syndrome that is well recognized in the United Kingdom and has the potential to develop in the United States.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female
PubMed: 3391854
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Aug 1996
Review
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Blood Pressure; Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 8853643
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb26717.x -
The Veterinary Record Dec 2020Dysautonomia is a disease characterised by degeneration of autonomic neurons.
BACKGROUND
Dysautonomia is a disease characterised by degeneration of autonomic neurons.
METHODS
The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective multicentre review of clinical data relating to cats and dogs diagnosed with dysautonomia and to evaluate their outcome.
RESULTS
Cats (n=34) and dogs (n=19) with clinical signs consistent with dysautonomia were considered for this retrospective study. Reported clinical findings included oesophageal and gastrointestinal dysmotility and distension, urinary retention, reduced or absent tear production, third eyelid protrusion and inappropriate mydriasis. Treatment was supportive and included gastrointestinal prokinetics, feeding tube placement (oesophageal and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes) and medications to treat urinary retention. The survival to discharge was 29 per cent in cats and 47 per cent in dogs. The overall survival in cats was 21 per cent and that in dogs was 32 per cent. Survival of greater than 2 years was seen in six cats and in three dogs.
CONCLUSION
This paper illustrates that some animals are able to survive this disease and can have a good long-term prognosis, which is an infrequently reported finding for this disease.
Topics: Animals; Autopsy; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Male; Primary Dysautonomias; Retrospective Studies; Survival; Treatment Outcome; United Kingdom
PubMed: 32253356
DOI: 10.1136/vr.105258 -
Neurocritical Care 2008The management of Dysautonomia following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains problematic, primarily due to an inadequate understanding of the pathophysiology of... (Review)
Review
The management of Dysautonomia following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains problematic, primarily due to an inadequate understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition. While the original theories inferred an epileptogenic source, there is greater support for disconnection theories in the literature. Disconnection theories suggest that Dysautonomia follows the release of one or more excitatory centres from higher centre control. Conventional disconnection theories suggest excitatory centre/s located in the upper brainstem and diencephalon drive paroxysms. Another disconnection theory, the Excitatory:Inhibitory Ratio (EIR) Model, suggests the causative brainstem/diencephalic centres are inhibitory in nature, with damage releasing excitatory spinal cord processes. Review of the available data suggests that Dysautonomia follows structural and/or functional (for example raised intracerebral pressure or neurotransmitter blockade) abnormalities, with the tendency to develop Dysautonomic paroxysms being more closely associated with mesencephalic rather than diencephalic damage. Many reports suggest that paroxysmal episodes can be triggered by environmental events and minimised by various but predictable neurotransmitter effects. This article presents a critical review of the competing theories against the available observational, clinical and neurotransmitter evidence. Following this process, it is suggested that the EIR Model more readily explains pathophysiological and treatment data compared to conventional disconnection models. In particular, the EIR Model provides an explanatory model that encompasses other acute autonomic emergency syndromes, accommodates 'triggering' of paroxysms and provides a rationale for all known medication effects.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Brain Injuries; Humans; Models, Neurological; Syndrome
PubMed: 17968518
DOI: 10.1007/s12028-007-9021-3 -
The Veterinary Record Oct 1985
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Cat Diseases; Cats
PubMed: 4060553
DOI: 10.1136/vr.117.15.395-b -
The American Journal of the Medical... Oct 2020
Topics: Aged; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Baroreflex; Betacoronavirus; Blood Pressure; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32739039
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.07.022