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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jan 2022Dysbarism is a general term which includes the signs and symptoms that can manifest when the body is subject to an increase or a decrease in the atmospheric pressure... (Review)
Review
Dysbarism is a general term which includes the signs and symptoms that can manifest when the body is subject to an increase or a decrease in the atmospheric pressure which occurs either at a rate or duration exceeding the capacity of the body to adapt safely. In the following review, we take dysbarisms into account for our analysis. Starting from the underlying physical laws, we will deal with the pathologies that can develop in the most frequently affected areas of the body, as the atmospheric pressure varies when acclimatization fails. Manifestations of dysbarism range from itching and minor pain to neurological symptoms, cardiac collapse, and death. Overall, four clinical pictures can occur: decompression illness, barotrauma, inert gas narcosis, and oxygen toxicity. We will then review the clinical manifestations and illustrate some hints of therapy. We will first introduce the two forms of decompression sickness. In the next part, we will review the barotrauma, compression, and decompression. The last three parts will be dedicated to gas embolism, inert gas narcosis, and oxygen toxicity. Such an approach is critical for the effective treatment of patients in a hostile environment, or treatment in the emergency room after exposure to extreme physical or environmental factors.
Topics: Barotrauma; Decompression Sickness; Embolism, Air; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation
PubMed: 35056412
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010104 -
Aeromedical Reviews Feb 1964
Review
Topics: Atmospheric Pressure; Barotrauma; Decompression Sickness; Respiration
PubMed: 14230665
DOI: No ID Found -
Forensic Science International Apr 1986This review of dysbarism outlines the development of the knowledge of the effects of pressure changes on tissues and organs, which is related to a complex of physical,... (Review)
Review
This review of dysbarism outlines the development of the knowledge of the effects of pressure changes on tissues and organs, which is related to a complex of physical, physiological and pharmacological changes. It also shows that with the ever increasing pressures to which man is subject the effects can be regarded as total body rather than the traditional concept of a few target organs.
Topics: Acute Disease; Atmospheric Pressure; Barotrauma; Bone and Bones; Central Nervous System; Connective Tissue; Decompression Sickness; Diagnosis, Differential; Diving; Humans; Lung; Microscopy, Electron; Myocardium; Necrosis; Uranium
PubMed: 3519392
DOI: 10.1016/0379-0738(86)90133-7 -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Apr 1968
Review
Topics: Accidents; Atmospheric Pressure; Decompression Sickness; Diving; Humans; Shock; Unconsciousness
PubMed: 4867269
DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)38498-5 -
Journal of the Royal College of... Oct 1993The most serious problems resulting from a change in ambient pressure are pulmonary barotrauma with air embolism and decompression sickness. The small differential... (Review)
Review
The most serious problems resulting from a change in ambient pressure are pulmonary barotrauma with air embolism and decompression sickness. The small differential pressures used in ventilators at atmospheric pressure may tear lung tissue and, in diving, deaths have occurred from the expansion of pulmonary gas on an ascent of less than two metres. The bubbles of respired gas that enter the systemic circulation often occlude cerebral arteries and may cause infarction. In decompression sickness, bubbles form in the tissues from supersaturation of the nitrogen or helium absorbed under pressure. Joint pain--the 'bends'--is associated with gas in particular connective tissue. Serious decompression sickness results from the entry of microbubbles into the systemic veins. Large numbers of bubbles trapped in the lung cause an acute respiratory syndrome known as 'chokes'. If the lung filter is overwhelmed, or microbubbles pass into the systemic arteries through an atrial septal defect, they may open the blood-brain barrier, affecting brain and spinal cord function. Untreated, demyelination with relative preservation of axons may occur, the pathological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis. Gas bubble disease requires urgent compression in a hyperbaric chamber and the use of high partial pressures of oxygen.
Topics: Atmospheric Pressure; Barotrauma; Decompression Sickness; Embolism, Air; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Lung Injury; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 8289154
DOI: No ID Found -
Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Sep 2022Dysbarism is a medical condition arising from change in ambient pressure which outpace the rate at which the body adapts to it. We report a case of recurrent dysbarism...
Dysbarism is a medical condition arising from change in ambient pressure which outpace the rate at which the body adapts to it. We report a case of recurrent dysbarism consistent with possible decompression illness presenting with amnesia, hypoaesthesia and other neurological manifestations in a professional breath-hold diver treated successfully with hyperbaric oxygen and fluid resuscitation.
Topics: Amnesia; Barotrauma; Decompression Sickness; Diving; Humans; Hypesthesia
PubMed: 36100933
DOI: 10.28920/dhm52.3.213-216 -
Internal and Emergency Medicine Oct 2021
Topics: Barotrauma; Diving; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33765301
DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02709-9 -
Injury Apr 2004Barotrauma is pressure-induced injury. The application of direct pressure to the body may cause trauma, including positive pressure from artificial ventilation. Trauma... (Review)
Review
Barotrauma is pressure-induced injury. The application of direct pressure to the body may cause trauma, including positive pressure from artificial ventilation. Trauma may also be caused by the effects of pressure changes on gas-containing body spaces, not in communication with the environment. This can include the external ear, the middle ear (and, indirectly, the inner ear), the para-nasal sinuses, the lungs, the gut, and abscess cavities (for example, in the teeth). Gas may penetrate tissues adjoining the affected space (such as the anterior cranial fossa, via the ethmoid sinus), or may embolise via the blood stream. The most severe expression of this is cerebral arterial gas embolism, which may present as a stroke. The management of these problems includes prevention, the use of pressure-equalizing techniques, vasoconstrictor drugs, surgery, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Topics: Barotrauma; Ear; Embolism, Air; Humans; Lung Injury; Paranasal Sinuses
PubMed: 15037370
DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2003.08.020 -
Critical Care (London, England) Oct 2018
Topics: Animals; Barotrauma; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Pulmonary Atelectasis; Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury
PubMed: 30360756
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2199-2 -
Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine :... 2022Divers are regularly exposed to a unique and changing environment that dentists must consider when treating such patients. This review focuses around two case studies... (Review)
Review
Divers are regularly exposed to a unique and changing environment that dentists must consider when treating such patients. This review focuses around two case studies encountered in naval dentistry: (i) diving barotrauma (pressure-induced injury related to an air space); and (ii) scuba diving mouthpiece-related oral conditions. Each condition is described by its effect on the oral cavity and in particular the teeth. Then we generally review the latest literature on the different effects of scuba diving on the diver's head, face and oral regions and emphasize methods of dental disease prevention, diagnostic tools and treatment guidelines.
Topics: Barotrauma; Diving; Humans; Military Dentistry
PubMed: 36001570
DOI: 10.22462/05.06.2022.11