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Journal of Pediatric Surgery Jan 2011Hypercalcaemia is a rare life-threatening complication of paediatric cancer that is commoner in haematological than solid malignancies and associated rarely with acute...
Hypercalcaemia is a rare life-threatening complication of paediatric cancer that is commoner in haematological than solid malignancies and associated rarely with acute renal failure. Often refractory to medical therapy, control of hypercalcaemia in children with solid tumours may necessitate excision of localised tumours or urgent chemotherapy for metastatic ones. We present a child with refractory hypercalcaemia, bulky chemosensitive metastatic tumours and acute renal failure in whom chemotherapy posed high-risk of tumour lysis syndrome (TLS). Resection of the metastatic tumours successfully normalised the hypercalcaemia and represents a practical alternative control strategy in cases at high risk of TLS.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Child; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Risk Factors; Tumor Lysis Syndrome
PubMed: 21238625
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.08.060 -
Archives of Neurology Jun 1991The germinoma represents a less malignant form of germ cell tumor. Depending on the individual's age, this neoplasm constitutes approximately 0.1% to 3.4% of all... (Review)
Review
The germinoma represents a less malignant form of germ cell tumor. Depending on the individual's age, this neoplasm constitutes approximately 0.1% to 3.4% of all intracranial tumors. The embryologic origin remains a mystery; however, current theories implicate an aberration in primordial germ cell migration. Clinical presentation depends on tumor location and may involve endocrine, hypothalamic, visual, and cognitive dysfunction. In evaluating midline intracerebral masses, it is imperative that one be aware of the various radiologic appearances, endocrinologic changes, and chemical markers that help to distinguish germinomas from other neoplasms that appear in the pineal, suprasellar, and periventricular regions. Only through the careful evaluation of all available studies can the physician institute appropriate therapies such as biopsy, radiation, and chemotherapy. This article focuses on the epidemiology, embryology, clinical presentation, means of diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of this rare neoplasm.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Dysgerminoma; Humans; Spinal Cord Neoplasms
PubMed: 2039390
DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1991.00530180110026 -
Wisconsin Medical Journal Feb 1977
Topics: Adult; Castration; Dysgerminoma; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphography; Male; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 848040
DOI: No ID Found -
Digestive Surgery 2001Dysgerminomas of the ovary rarely metastasize to abdominal viscera and when they do, the involvement is a part of a disseminated disease. A 30-year-old woman developed...
Dysgerminomas of the ovary rarely metastasize to abdominal viscera and when they do, the involvement is a part of a disseminated disease. A 30-year-old woman developed isolated duodenopancreatic dysgerminoma 14 years after salpingo-oophorectomy. The clinical picture was complicated by the presence of tuberculous lesions in the liver which mimicked metastatic disease. Surgical excision was carried out using a modified pancreatic head resection.
Topics: Adult; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Duodenal Neoplasms; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Liver Diseases; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 11799300
DOI: 10.1159/000050198 -
Pediatriia Nov 1981
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 7322759
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Gynecological... Jan 2011The aim of the study was to assess the expression of cyclooxygenases (COX)-2 in nonepithelial ovarian malignancies.COX-2 immunohistochemical staining was performed on...
The aim of the study was to assess the expression of cyclooxygenases (COX)-2 in nonepithelial ovarian malignancies.COX-2 immunohistochemical staining was performed on newly prepared deparaffinized slides from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue blocks of unselected nonepithelial ovarian malignancies diagnosed between January 1993 and October 2009 after reconfirmation of the diagnosis. Staining was assessed according to intensity of staining and the proportion of stained cells. Staining of more than 10% of the cells was considered positive.During the study period, 26 histologically proven nonepithelial ovarian malignancies were diagnosed. Of them, 16 were granulosa cell tumors and 10 were germ cell tumors (4 dysgerminomas and 6 immature teratomas). Five (31.2%) granulosa cell tumors had positive immunohistochemical COX-2 staining. Positive staining was observed only in 1 immature teratoma and in none of the dysgerminomas.Our data seem to indicate that COX-2 expression by immunohistochemical methods is not frequent in nonepithelial ovarian malignancies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dysgerminoma; Female; Granulosa Cell Tumor; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma
PubMed: 21131835
DOI: 10.1097/PGP.0b013e3181f29c6e -
British Journal of Cancer Apr 1985Response to chemotherapy and survival was retrospectively analyzed in 28 patients with bulky retroperitoneal and disseminated seminoma treated between 1977 and 1983. The...
Response to chemotherapy and survival was retrospectively analyzed in 28 patients with bulky retroperitoneal and disseminated seminoma treated between 1977 and 1983. The median age was 41 years (range: 23-52). All patients had histological evidence of pure testicular seminoma, however, 14 patients revealed moderate increases of human beta-chorionic gonadotropin levels. Prior radiotherapy had been given to 9/28 (32%) patients. Treatment consisted of at least four courses of simultaneous or sequentially alternating therapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin plus/minus adriamycin (PVB +/- A), administration of ifosfamide or combination therapy with ifosfamide/cisplatin (IFS/DDP) or ifosfamide/etoposide (IFS/ETP). Twenty-five of 28 patients (89%) achieved a complete (CR), and 3/28 patients a partial remission. Relapse occurred in 1/8 CR patients after adjuvant postchemotherapeutic irradiation, and in 1/11 patients without any further radiotherapy. So far, 23/28 patients (82%) are free of disease after a median follow-up of 28+ (14+----82+) months. Marked myelosuppression was observed in previously irradiated patients, mainly after PVB +/- A therapy. In two patients, transient nephrotoxicity developed after PVB and IFS/DDP, respectively. After PVB +/- A chemotherapy, three patients revealed polyneuropathy, paralytic subileus and bleomycin-induced pneumonitis, respectively. In conclusion, the present series suggests a high probability of continuous CR in even bulky retroperitoneal and widespread metastatic seminoma. So far, no definite conclusions can be made on the therapeutic superiority of one of the different chemotherapeutic regimens used. However, this preliminary experience suggests that the combination of ifosfamide and etoposide or cisplatin may prove less toxic than sequentially alternating or simultaneous PVB +/- A chemotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; Combined Modality Therapy; Dysgerminoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Peptide Fragments; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 2579665
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1985.67 -
The American Journal of Surgical... Jun 1981The clinical and pathological features of six dysgerminomas containing syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells were studied; these represented 3% of the dysgerminomas in the...
The clinical and pathological features of six dysgerminomas containing syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells were studied; these represented 3% of the dysgerminomas in the AFIP files. Syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells, the distinguishing histological feature, were present either in clusters or were distributed diffusely. Human chorionic gonadotropin was demonstrated immunocytochemically within the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells in both of the two tumors tested for it. Serum or urine gonadotropin titers, measured in four patients, were elevated in three, and two of these were thought to have ectopic pregnancies. All of the dysgerminomas were Stage Ia, and the six patients were well 1-14 years after treatment.
Topics: Adnexa Uteri; Adolescent; Adult; Dysgerminoma; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Humans
PubMed: 7270783
DOI: 10.1097/00000478-198106000-00006 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Oct 1995Dysgerminoma has traditionally been considered an end-stage neoplasm without potential for further differentiation. Although there have been several reports of...
Dysgerminoma has traditionally been considered an end-stage neoplasm without potential for further differentiation. Although there have been several reports of transformation of testicular seminoma to yolk sac tumor, a similar event has not been previously reported in dysgerminoma of the ovary. Three cases of ovarian germ cell tumor (two pure dysgerminomas and one mixed germ cell tumor with dysgerminoma and yolk sac components) that revealed histologic changes compatible with early transformation to yolk sac tumor are described. In general, the areas of transformation were located at the periphery of the tumor lobules which otherwise had features of typical dysgerminoma. They were characterized by the presence of microcysts and small glandular structures, which though not readily identified on H&E became more evident with stains for keratins, alpha-fetoprotein, and blood group-related antigen. The small size and focal nature of change, and the apparent transition favor the interpretation that this change represents transformation rather than admixture of two germ cell components. The relationship of dysgerminoma to the solid variant of yolk sac tumor is discussed and an alternate histogenetic scheme in which dysgerminoma represents the stage of earliest differentiation from which other non dysgerminomatous tumors may arise is presented. Although previously proposed for testicular germ cell neoplasia, this scheme has not yet been applied to their ovarian counterparts.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Dysgerminoma; Endodermal Sinus Tumor; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 8552580
DOI: No ID Found -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Jan 1990Two cases of germ cell tumors (GCTs) of the basal ganglia are presented and 40 previously reported cases are reviewed. The incidence of GCTs of the basal ganglia and... (Review)
Review
Two cases of germ cell tumors (GCTs) of the basal ganglia are presented and 40 previously reported cases are reviewed. The incidence of GCTs of the basal ganglia and thalamus was estimated as less than 14% of all intracranial GCTs. All patients except for two (95%) were male, aged 7-19 years. The clinical course was usually slow. The major symptoms were hemiparesis, mental deterioration such as dementia or character change, precocious puberty, diabetes insipidus, oculomotor palsy, speech disturbance, and hemianopsia. Signs of intracranial hypertension did not occur until the late stages of the disease. The plain CT finding was characterized by an irregularly defined, slightly high-density area frequently accompanied by central low-density areas without significant mass effect. The tumors showed mild to moderate and nonhomogeneous contrast enhancement. An ipsilateral cerebral hemiatrophy was often found. MR images demonstrated the corresponding findings. GCTs of the basal ganglia had a high possibility of containing components other than germinoma such as choriocarcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor, and embryonal carcinoma. Thus, tumor markers in the serum, CSF, or cyst fluid were frequently positive. With recent refinement of microsurgical techniques as well as immunohistochemical study and measurements of tumor markers of serum, CSF, and cyst fluid, major resections of tumor, accurate pretreatment histologic diagnosis, and early determination of the specific types of this tumor appear to be readily possible. This is essential for effective treatment of patients not only with radiosensitive germinoma, but also those with radioinsensitive nongerminoma variants and a combination of them located in this region.
Topics: Adolescent; Basal Ganglia; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Thalamus; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 2178773
DOI: 10.1007/BF00262257