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Virulence Dec 2019is an Enterobacteriaceae that is abundant in water and causes food and waterborne infections in fish, animals, and humans. The bacterium causes Edwardsiellosis in... (Review)
Review
is an Enterobacteriaceae that is abundant in water and causes food and waterborne infections in fish, animals, and humans. The bacterium causes Edwardsiellosis in farmed fish and can lead to severe economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. is an intracellular pathogen that can also cause systemic infection. Type III and type VI secretion systems are the bacterium's most lethal weapons against host defenses. It also possesses multi-antibiotic resistant genes and is selected and enriched in the environment due to the overuse of antibiotics. Therefore, the bacterium has great potential to contribute to the evolution of the resistome. All these properties have made this bacterium a perfect model to study bacteria virulence mechanisms and the spread of antimicrobial genes in the environment. We summarize recent advance in biology and provide insights into future research in virulence mechanisms, vaccine development and novel therapeutics.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Edwardsiella; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Type III Secretion Systems; Type VI Secretion Systems; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 31122125
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1621648 -
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Oct 2018Edwardsiella piscicida, a Gram-negative, facultative aerobic pathogen belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, is the etiological agent of edwardsiellosis in fish and... (Review)
Review
Edwardsiella piscicida, a Gram-negative, facultative aerobic pathogen belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, is the etiological agent of edwardsiellosis in fish and a significant problem in global aquaculture. E. piscicida has been reported from a broad geographical range and has been isolated from more than 20 fish host species to date, but this is likely to be an underestimation, because misidentification of E. piscicida as other species within the genus remains to be resolved. Common clinical signs associated with edwardsiellosis include, but are not limited to, exophthalmia, haemorrhages of the skin and in several internal organs, mild to moderate dermal ulcerations, abdominal distension, discoloration in the fish surface, and erratic swimming. Many antibiotics are currently effective against E. piscicida, although legal restrictions and the cost of medicated feeds have encouraged significant research investment in vaccination for the management of edwardsiellosis in commercial aquaculture. Here we summarise the current understanding of E. piscicida and highlight the difficulties with species assignment and the need for further research on epidemiology and strain variability.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Edwardsiella; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Fishes
PubMed: 30324915
DOI: 10.3354/dao03281 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 2023Volume 76, no 1, p. 80-83, 2023. Page 81, Table 1 should appear as shown below. (Review)
Review
Volume 76, no 1, p. 80-83, 2023. Page 81, Table 1 should appear as shown below.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; East Asian People; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
PubMed: 37482419
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.Erratum.2023.E001 -
Microbes and Infection Jan 2012Human Edwardsiella tarda infections often manifest as gastroenteritis, but can become systemic and potentially lethal. E. tarda uses virulence factors that include type... (Review)
Review
Human Edwardsiella tarda infections often manifest as gastroenteritis, but can become systemic and potentially lethal. E. tarda uses virulence factors that include type III and type VI secretion systems, quorum sensing, two-component systems, and exoenzymes to gain entry into and survive within the host. Better understanding of interactions between these factors will lead to the development of novel antimicrobials against E. tarda and other enterics.
Topics: Animals; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Virulence
PubMed: 21924375
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2011.08.005 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Oct 2022Edwardsiella tarda , a Gram-negative bacterium classified into the genus Enterobacteriaceae, causes self-limited gastroenteritis. Here, we report a case of E. tarda... (Review)
Review
Edwardsiella tarda , a Gram-negative bacterium classified into the genus Enterobacteriaceae, causes self-limited gastroenteritis. Here, we report a case of E. tarda gastroenteritis in a previously healthy 12-year-old boy in whom inflammatory bowel disease was precluded by endoscopy and tissue biopsy due to 3-month history of diarrhea, abdominal pain and weight loss.
Topics: Child; Diarrhea; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Male
PubMed: 35895886
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003657 -
Cellular Microbiology Sep 2021Edwardsiella tarda is a Gram-negative bacterium causing economic damage in aquaculture. The interaction of E. tarda with microdomains is an important step in the...
Edwardsiella tarda is a Gram-negative bacterium causing economic damage in aquaculture. The interaction of E. tarda with microdomains is an important step in the invasion, but the target molecules in microdomains remain undefined. Here, we found that intraperitoneal injection of E. tarda altered splenic glycosphingolipid patterns in the model host medaka (Oryzias latipes) accompanied by alteration of glycosphingolipid metabolism-related gene expressions, suggesting that glycosphingolipid levels are involved in E. tarda infection. To ascertain the significance of glycosphingolipids in the infection, fish cell lines, DIT29 cells with a high amount of lactosylceramide (LacCer) and glucosylceramide (GlcCer), and GAKS cells with a low amount of these lipids, were treated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin to disrupt the microdomain. E. tarda infection was suppressed in DIT29 cells, but not in GAKS cells, suggesting the involvement of microdomain LacCer and GlcCer in the infection. DL-threo-1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol, an inhibitor of glycosphingolipid-synthesis, attenuated the infection in DIT29 cells, while Neu3-overexpressing GAKS cells, which accumulated LacCer, enhanced the infection. E. tarda possessed binding ability towards LacCer, but not GlcCer, and LacCer preincubation declined the infection towards fish cells, possibly due to the masking of binding sites. The present study suggests that LacCer may be a positive regulator of E. tarda invasion.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Edwardsiella tarda; Lactosylceramides; Phagocytosis
PubMed: 33988901
DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13365 -
Microbiological Research Dec 2019Edwardsiella bacteria cause economic losses to a variety of commercially important fish globally. Human infections are rare and result in a gastroenteritis-like illness....
Edwardsiella bacteria cause economic losses to a variety of commercially important fish globally. Human infections are rare and result in a gastroenteritis-like illness. Because these bacteria are evolutionarily related to other Enterobacteriaceae and the host cytoskeleton is a common target of enterics, we hypothesized that Edwardsiella may cause similar phenotypes. Here we use HeLa and Caco-2 infection models to show that microtubules are severed during the late infections. This microtubule alteration phenotype was not dependant on the type III or type VI secretion system (T3SS and T6SS) of the bacteria as ΔT3SS and ΔT6SS mutants of E. piscicida EIB202 and E. tarda ATCC15947 that lacks both also caused microtubule disassembly. Immunolocalization experiments showed the host katanin catalytic subunits A1 and A like 1 proteins at regions of microtubule severing, suggesting their involvement in the microtubule disassembly events. To identify bacterial components involved in this phenotype, we screened a 2,758 transposon library of E. piscicida EIB202 and found that 4 single mutations in the atpFHAGDC operon disrupted microtubule disassembly in HeLa cells. We then constructed three atp deletion mutants; they all could not disassemble host microtubules. This work provides the first clear evidence of host cytoskeletal alterations during Edwardsiella infections.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Caco-2 Cells; Edwardsiella; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Epithelial Cells; Fish Diseases; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; HeLa Cells; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Microtubules; Operon; Type III Secretion Systems; Type VI Secretion Systems
PubMed: 31563838
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126325 -
Communications Biology Jun 2022Edwardsiella tarda is a well-known bacterial pathogen with a broad range of host, including fish, amphibians, and mammals. One eminent virulence feature of E. tarda is...
Edwardsiella tarda is a well-known bacterial pathogen with a broad range of host, including fish, amphibians, and mammals. One eminent virulence feature of E. tarda is its strong ability to resist the killing of host serum complement, but the involving mechanism is unclear. In this report, we identified E. tarda TraT as a key player in both complement resistance and cellular invasion. TraT, a surface-localized protein, bound and recruited complement factor H onto E. tarda, whereby inhibiting complement activation via the alternative pathway. TraT also interacted with host CD46 in a specific complement control protein domain-dependent manner, whereby facilitating the cellular infection and tissue dissemination of E. tarda. Thus, by acting as an anti-complement factor and a cellular infection promoter, TraT makes an important contribution to the complement evasion and systemic infection of E. tarda. These results add insights into the pathogen-host interaction mechanism during E. tarda infection.
Topics: Animals; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fishes; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Mammals; Virulence
PubMed: 35768577
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03587-3 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jun 2022Develop a species-specific multiplex PCR to correctly identify Edwardsiella species in routine diagnostic for fish bacterial diseases. (Review)
Review
Multiplex PCR assay for correct identification of the fish pathogenic species of Edwardsiella genus reveals the presence of E. anguillarum in South America in strains previously characterized as E. tarda.
AIMS
Develop a species-specific multiplex PCR to correctly identify Edwardsiella species in routine diagnostic for fish bacterial diseases.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The genomes of 62 Edwardsiella spp. isolates available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database were subjected to taxonomic and pan-genomic analyses to identify unique regions that could be exploited by species-specific PCR. The designed primers were tested against isolated Edwardsiella spp. strains, revealing errors in commercial biochemical tests for bacterial classification regarding Edwardsiella species.
CONCLUSION
Some of the genomes of Edwardsiella spp. in the NCBI platform were incorrectly classified, which can lead to errors in some research. A functional mPCR was developed to differentiate between phenotypically and genetically ambiguous Edwardsiella, with which, we detected the presence of Edwardsiella anguillarum affecting fish in Brazil.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This study shows that the misclassification of Edwardsiella spp in Brazil concealed the presence of E. anguillarum in South America. Also, this review of the taxonomic classification of the Edwardsiella genus is a contribution to the field to help researchers with their sequencing and identification of genomes, showing some misclassifications in online databases that must be corrected, as well as developing an easy assay to characterize Edwardsiella species in an end-point mPCR.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Edwardsiella; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 35332638
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15538 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology May 2022The host NF-κB signaling pathway plays critical role in defensing against bacterial infection. However, bacteria also evolve strategies to escape from host clearance....
The host NF-κB signaling pathway plays critical role in defensing against bacterial infection. However, bacteria also evolve strategies to escape from host clearance. Edwardsiella piscicida is a threatening pathogen in aquaculture, while the molecular mechanism of E. piscicida in inhibiting NF-κB signaling remains largely unknown. Herein, using E. piscicida transposon insertion mutant library combined with a NF-κB luciferase reporter system, we identified forty-six genes of E. piscicida, which were involved in inhibiting the NF-κB signaling activation in vitro. Moreover, we further explored the top 10 significantly changed mutants through zebrafish larvae infection model and validated that six genes were involved in inhibiting NF-κB activation in vivo. Specifically, we identified the adenylosuccinate synthase mutated strain (ΔpurA) infection exhibited a robust activation of NF-κB signaling, along with higher expression of cxcl8a and cxcl8b to mediate the recruitment of neutrophils in vivo. Taken together, these results identified the key factors of E. piscicida in inhibiting NF-κB activation, which will contribute to better understanding the pathogenesis of this important pathogen.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Edwardsiella; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; NF-kappa B; Signal Transduction; Zebrafish
PubMed: 35395412
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.001