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Mycopathologia Aug 2021Epidermophyton floccosum is one of the most common agents of human superficial fungal infections, compared with genus Trichophyton and Microsporum, it possesses... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Epidermophyton floccosum is one of the most common agents of human superficial fungal infections, compared with genus Trichophyton and Microsporum, it possesses uniqueness in ecology traits and rarely causing hair infections. E. floccosum is so far the only representative species of genera Epidermophyton, and it is known as anthropophilic dermatophytes. To further reveal the genome sequences and clues of virulence factors, thus in this study, we sequenced the genome of E. floccosum (CGMCC (F) E1d), and performed comparative genomic analysis with other dermatophytes. It is revealed that E. floccosum owns the largest genome size and similar GC content compared with other dermatophytes. A total of 7565 genes are predicted. By comparing with the closest species N. gypseum, our study reveals that number and structure of adhesion factors, secreted proteases and LysM domain might contribute to the pathogenic and ecological traits of E. floccosum. Mating genes is also detected in genome data. Furthermore, we performed AFLP analysis trying to discuss intraspecific differences of E. floccosum, but no significant relationship is found between genotype and geographical distribution. Upon above, our study provides a deeper understanding and strong foundation for future researches about E. floccosum.
Topics: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; Epidermophyton; Genomics; Microsporum; Trichophyton
PubMed: 34164772
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00567-9 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Nov 2019is an anthropophilic dermatophyte species, which is one of the common causative agents of dermatophytosis in different parts of the world. The aim of the present...
is an anthropophilic dermatophyte species, which is one of the common causative agents of dermatophytosis in different parts of the world. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the genetic diversity of strains isolated from different parts of Iran and to define the susceptibility profiles of seven antifungal drugs against these clinical isolates. Forty clinical strains of isolated from 40 patients with dermatophytosis were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR amplification of the ITS rDNA region using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4. The activities of griseofulvin, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, ketoconazole and terbinafine were determined using a broth microdilution method according to the CLSI-M-38A2 protocol. A mean genetic similarity of 99.5 % was found between strains, with intraspecies differences ranging from 0 to 3 nt. The geometric mean (GM) MICs and minimum effective concentrations (MECs) across all isolates were, in increasing order, as follows: terbinafine (GM=0.018 mg l), posaconazole (GM=0.022 mg l), itraconazole (GM=0.034 mg l) and voriconazole (GM=0.045 mg l), which had low MICs against all tested strains, whereas caspofungin (GM=0.22 mg l), ketoconazole (GM=0.41 mg l) and griseofulvin (GM=0.62 mg l) demonstrated higher MICs. Our study showed low intraspecies variation within strains of . Furthermore, terbinafine, posaconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole were shown to be the most potent antifungal drugs against strains.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Base Sequence; Epidermophyton; Humans; Iran; Itraconazole; Ketoconazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Terbinafine; Tinea; Trichophyton; Voriconazole
PubMed: 31573466
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001074 -
Critical Reviews in Microbiology 2015Tinea pedis, which is a dermatophytic infection of the feet, can involve the interdigital web spaces or the sides of the feet and may be a chronic or recurring... (Review)
Review
Tinea pedis, which is a dermatophytic infection of the feet, can involve the interdigital web spaces or the sides of the feet and may be a chronic or recurring condition. The most common etiological agents are anthropophiles, including Trichophyton rubrum sensu stricto, which is the most common, followed by Trichophyton interdigitale and Epidermophyton floccosum. There has been a change in this research arena, necessitating a re-evaluation of our knowledge on the topic from a multidisciplinary perspective. Thus, this review aimed to provide a solid overview of the current status and changing patterns of tinea pedis. The second half of the twentieth century witnessed a global increase in tinea pedis and a clonal spread of one major etiologic agent, T. rubrum. This phenomenon is likely due to increases in urbanization and the use of sports and fitness facilities, the growing prevalence of obesity and the aging population. For optimal patient care and management, the diagnosis of tinea pedis should be verified by microbiological analysis. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical forms, complications and mycological characteristics of tinea pedis and we highlight the pathogenesis, prevention and control parameters of this infection.
Topics: Aging; Arthrodermataceae; Humans; Molecular Typing; Obesity; Tinea Pedis; Trichophyton
PubMed: 24495093
DOI: 10.3109/1040841X.2013.856853 -
Clinics in Dermatology Mar 2010Onychomycosis is a frequent nail disease caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and nondermatophyte molds. Trichophyton rubrum, T mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum... (Review)
Review
Onychomycosis is a frequent nail disease caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and nondermatophyte molds. Trichophyton rubrum, T mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum are the most common etiologic agents worldwide. Candida spp are the most frequent among the yeasts. Diagnosis is corroborated by direct microscopic examination, culture, and histomycology with periodic acid-Schiff stain. Other new methods of diagnosis are discussed. Treatment is based on oral antifungals: terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole, including other emerging triazole drugs. Therapeutic outcome with ciclopirox and amorolfine lacquers alone and combined with systemic therapy are also reviewed, as well as the new nail enhancers and physical and chemical removal of the diseased nails.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Antifungal Agents; Ciclopirox; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluconazole; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Itraconazole; Mitosporic Fungi; Morpholines; Naphthalenes; Onychomycosis; Pyridones; Pyrimidines; Terbinafine; Thiazoles; Triazoles; Voriconazole
PubMed: 20347657
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006 -
Mycoses Feb 2024Epidermophyton floccosum (E. floccosum), an anthropophilic dermatophyte, is the primary causative agent of skin conditions such as tinea cruris, tinea pedis and tinea...
BACKGROUND
Epidermophyton floccosum (E. floccosum), an anthropophilic dermatophyte, is the primary causative agent of skin conditions such as tinea cruris, tinea pedis and tinea corporis.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of E. floccosum-induced dermatophytosis, with particular emphasis on the types of infections and demographic profiles.
METHODS
In this retrospective study, patient records from the dermatology outpatient clinic were scrutinized, covering the timeframe from January 2009 to December 2020. Eligibility for the study required a dermatophytosis diagnosis verified by microscopic examination and fungal culture.
RESULTS
Of the 4669 confirmed dermatophytosis cases, 82 (1.8%) were attributable to E. floccosum infection. The proportions of male and female patients with E. floccosum infections were 50.0% each. The most common presentation was tinea pedis (39.0%), followed by tinea cruris (37.8%) and tinea corporis (26.8%). The mean age at disease onset for tinea cruris was 38.7 ± 18.7 years, which was lower than that for tinea pedis (50.6 ± 14.2 years) and tinea corporis (53.5 ± 16.4 years). However, these age differences were not statistically significant. A continuous decrease in E. floccosum isolation was observed over the study period.
CONCLUSIONS
There was a steady decline in the prevalence of E. floccosum dermatophytosis over the 12-year study period. Despite the decreasing trend, tinea cruris, tinea corporis and tinea pedis remained the predominant clinical manifestations of E. floccosum infection.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Tinea Pedis; Retrospective Studies; Tinea cruris; Prevalence; Tinea; Epidermophyton; Dermatomycoses
PubMed: 38558435
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13702 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2021Dermatophytes are the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide, affecting millions of people annually. The emergence of resistance among dermatophytes along with... (Review)
Review
Dermatophytes are the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide, affecting millions of people annually. The emergence of resistance among dermatophytes along with the availability of antifungal susceptibility procedures suitable for testing antifungal agents against this group of fungi make the combinatorial approach particularly interesting to be investigated. Therefore, we reviewed the scientific literature concerning the antifungal combinations against dermatophytes. A literature search on the subject performed in PubMed yielded 68 publications: 37 articles referring to in vitro studies and 31 articles referring to case reports or clinical studies. In vitro studies involved over 400 clinical isolates of dermatophytes (69% spp., 29% spp., and 2% ). Combinations included two antifungal agents or an antifungal agent plus another chemical compound including plant extracts or essential oils, calcineurin inhibitors, peptides, disinfectant agents, and others. In general, drug combinations yielded variable results spanning from synergism to indifference. Antagonism was rarely seen. In over 700 patients with documented dermatophyte infections, an antifungal combination approach could be evaluated. The most frequent combination included a systemic antifungal agent administered orally (i.e., terbinafine, griseofulvin, or azole-mainly itraconazole) plus a topical medication (i.e., azole, terbinafine, ciclopirox, amorolfine) for several weeks. Clinical results indicate that association of antifungal agents is effective, and it might be useful to accelerate the clinical and microbiological healing of a superficial infection. Antifungal combinations in dermatophytes have gained considerable scientific interest over the years and, in consideration of the interesting results available so far, it is desirable to continue the research in this field.
PubMed: 34575765
DOI: 10.3390/jof7090727 -
Drugs Mar 1998Butenafine is a new antifungal agent with primary fungicidal activity against dermatophytes such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton... (Review)
Review
Butenafine is a new antifungal agent with primary fungicidal activity against dermatophytes such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton rubrum which cause tinea infections. 14C-labelled butenafine (approximately 30 micrograms/g tissue) was found within guinea-pig dorsal skin 24 hours after topical application. Most of the drug was distributed into the epidermis including the horny layer. Small amounts were found in the dermis, probably transported via sebaceous glands and hair follicles. In vitro, the minimum concentration that completely inhibited growth of dermatophytes (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) for butenafine against T. mentagrophytes and M. canis were similar (0.012 to 0.05 mg/L) and were 4 to 130 times lower than those for naftifine, tolnaftate, clotrimazole and bifonazole. It also has greater activity against T. rubrum, M. gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum when compared with naftifine, tolnaftate and clotrimazole; comparisons with bifonazole against these strains were not available. Assessment after 1 week's treatment in patients with tinea pedis revealed that mycological cure rates were greater in those who received twice-daily butenafine for 1 week or once-daily butenafine for 4 weeks than in placebo recipients. Mycological and overall cure rates were either further increased or maintained up to 5 weeks after treatment cessation compared with end-of-treatment values. In patients with tinea cruris or tinea corporis who received once-daily butenafine 1% for 2 weeks, the mycological and overall cure rates continued to increase for up to 4 weeks after treatment cessation.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Benzylamines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Naphthalenes
PubMed: 9530545
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199855030-00006 -
British Medical Journal Jul 1968Fourteen cases are described in which the local application of corticosteroid preparations to ringworm infections of the skin have resulted in unusual clinical pictures....
Fourteen cases are described in which the local application of corticosteroid preparations to ringworm infections of the skin have resulted in unusual clinical pictures. A kerion-like lesion due to Trichophyton rubrum, intertriginous infections simulating candidiasis and due to Epidermophyton floccosum, and pictures resembling poikiloderma, papular rosacea, and indeterminate leprosy are among the changes that were seen in these patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Betamethasone; Diagnosis, Differential; Eczema; Epidermophyton; Female; Fluocinolone Acetonide; Glucocorticoids; Griseofulvin; Humans; Keratins; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases; Tinea; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Trichophyton; Valerates
PubMed: 5662546
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5611.149 -
Mykosen Sep 1974
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Epidermophyton; Finland; Housing; Humans; Male; Schools; Steam Bath; Tinea
PubMed: 4437592
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1974.tb04339.x