-
Plant Physiology Jun 2001
Review
Topics: Biotechnology; Evolution, Molecular; Flavonoids; Models, Genetic; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Protein Conformation; Subcellular Fractions
PubMed: 11402179
DOI: 10.1104/pp.126.2.485 -
Biomolecules Sep 2020Flavonoids, a ubiquitous group of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds, have recently gained importance as anticancer agents. Unfortunately, due to low solubility,... (Review)
Review
Flavonoids, a ubiquitous group of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds, have recently gained importance as anticancer agents. Unfortunately, due to low solubility, absorption, and rapid metabolism of dietary flavonoids, their anticancer potential is not sufficient. Nanocarriers can improve the bioavailability of flavonoids. In this review we aimed to evaluate studies on the anticancer activity of flavonoid nanoparticles. A review of English language articles published until 30 June 2020 was conducted, using PubMed (including MEDLINE), CINAHL Plus, Cochrane, and Web of Science data. Most studies determining the anticancer properties of flavonoid nanoparticles are preclinical. The potential anticancer activity focuses mainly on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, A549 lung cancer cells, HepG2 liver cancer cells, and melanoma cells. The flavonoid nanoparticles can also support the anti-tumour effect of drugs used in cancer therapy by enhancing the anti-tumour effect or reducing the systemic toxicity of drugs.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Biological Availability; Flavonoids; Humans; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Solubility
PubMed: 32887473
DOI: 10.3390/biom10091268 -
Trends in Biotechnology Jul 2020Flavonoids are plant-derived natural products with human health-promoting benefits. The modularity and complexity of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway allow us to... (Review)
Review
Flavonoids are plant-derived natural products with human health-promoting benefits. The modularity and complexity of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway allow us to leverage the metabolic characteristics of distinct microbial hosts and install structural functionalities beyond what monocultures can achieve. We discuss the promising future of applying microbial cocultures to improve the cost-efficiency and diversity of flavonoid biosynthesis.
Topics: Biosynthetic Pathways; Biotechnology; Coculture Techniques; Flavonoids; Humans; Metabolic Engineering; Plants
PubMed: 32497514
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.01.008 -
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Sep 2021Several reports have revealed the superior biological activity of metal ion-flavonoid complexes when compared with the parent flavonoid. Among the different metal ions... (Review)
Review
Several reports have revealed the superior biological activity of metal ion-flavonoid complexes when compared with the parent flavonoid. Among the different metal ions explored, vanadium and its compounds are in the forefront because of their anticancer and antidiabetic properties. However, the toxicity of vanadium-based ions and their inorganic derivatives limits their therapeutic applications. Complexation of vanadium with flavonoids not only reduces its adverse effects but also augments its biological activity. This Review discusses the nature of coordination in vanadium-flavonoid complexes, their structure-activity correlations, with special emphasis on their therapeutic activities. Several investigations suggest that the superior biological activity of vanadium complexes arise because of their ability to regulate metabolic pathways distinct from those acted upon by vanadium alone. These studies serve to decipher the underlying molecular mechanism of vanadium-flavonoid complexes that can be explored further for generating a series of novel compounds with improved pharmacological and therapeutic performance.
Topics: Flavonoids; Molecular Structure; Plants; Polyphenols; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vanadium Compounds
PubMed: 34432460
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00405 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sep 2022Cancer is a global burden and mechanistically complex disease with a plethora of genetic, physiological, metabolic, and environmental alterations. The development of... (Review)
Review
Cancer is a global burden and mechanistically complex disease with a plethora of genetic, physiological, metabolic, and environmental alterations. The development of dietary nutraceuticals into cancer chemotherapeutics has emerged as a new paradigm in cancer treatment. Alpinetin (ALPI) is a novel flavonoid component of multiple edible and medicinal plants and possesses a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities including antibacterial, anti-hemostatic, anti-oxidative, anti-hepatotoxic, stomachic, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory. Recently, ALPI has been reported as a bioactive dietary nutraceutical with promising anticancer activity in various human cancers through multiple mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to compile the data on natural sources of ALPI, and its anticancer activity including cellular targets and anticancer mechanism in various human cancers. Moreover, this review will set the stage for further design and conduct pre-clinical and clinical trials to develop ALPI into a lead structure for oncological therapy.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Humans; Neoplasms; Polyphenols
PubMed: 35567708
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03960-2 -
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Dec 2022Flavonoids are a well-known family of natural polyphenols because of their prevalent properties in the physiological and medicinal field. In addition to a plethora of... (Review)
Review
Flavonoids are a well-known family of natural polyphenols because of their prevalent properties in the physiological and medicinal field. In addition to a plethora of natural flavonoids, the construction of flavonoid skeletons still situates at the convergence point in the medicinal chemistry. Not surprisingly, amplification in the organic synthetic protocols showcases an expected avenue for accessing to abundant flavonoid scaffolds with special pharmacological activities. Hence, it is necessary to address the recent progresses in the synthesis of flavonoids by using organic strategies, and some typical protocols on the construction of flavonoids are thereby collected from recent publications (from 2020). The synthetic strategies presented herein are mainly cataloged as the cyclization of 4-chromanone, the glycosylation on the flavonoid scaffold, and the application of flavonoids in the pharmacological researches, aiming at providing with a current picture for depicting the recent progress on the synthesis of flavonoids. Therefore, it is expected to be a reference for the further exploration on the designing of synthetic routines for flavonoids.
Topics: Flavonoids; Polyphenols; Glycosylation
PubMed: 36088759
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114671 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Dec 2023Galangin is an important flavonoid with natural activity, that is abundant in galangal and propolis. Currently, various biological activities of galangin have been... (Review)
Review
Galangin is an important flavonoid with natural activity, that is abundant in galangal and propolis. Currently, various biological activities of galangin have been disclosed, including anti-inflammation, antibacterial effect, anti-oxidative stress and aging, anti-fibrosis, and antihypertensive effect. Based on the above bioactivities, more and more attention has been paid to the role of galangin in neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, skin diseases, and cancer. In this paper, the natural sources, pharmacokinetics, bioactivities, and therapeutic potential of galangin against various diseases were systematically reviewed by collecting and summarizing relevant literature. In addition, the molecular mechanism and new preparation of galangin in the treatment of related diseases are also discussed, to broaden the application prospect and provide reference for its clinical application. Furthermore, it should be noted that current toxicity and clinical studies of galangin are insufficient, and more evidence is needed to support its possibility as a functional food.
Topics: Oxidative Stress; Flavonoids
PubMed: 37748788
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8013 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Jun 2017The dietary flavonoids, especially their glycosides, are the most vital phytochemicals in diets and are of great general interest due to their diverse bioactivity. The... (Review)
Review
The dietary flavonoids, especially their glycosides, are the most vital phytochemicals in diets and are of great general interest due to their diverse bioactivity. The natural flavonoids almost all exist as their O-glycoside or C-glycoside forms in plants. In this review, we summarized the existing knowledge on the different biological benefits and pharmacokinetic behaviors between flavonoid aglycones and their glycosides. Due to various conclusions from different flavonoid types and health/disease conditions, it is very difficult to draw general or universally applicable comments regarding the impact of glycosylation on the biological benefits of flavonoids. It seems as though O-glycosylation generally reduces the bioactivity of these compounds - this has been observed for diverse properties including antioxidant activity, antidiabetes activity, anti-inflammation activity, antibacterial, antifungal activity, antitumor activity, anticoagulant activity, antiplatelet activity, antidegranulating activity, antitrypanosomal activity, influenza virus neuraminidase inhibition, aldehyde oxidase inhibition, immunomodulatory, and antitubercular activity. However, O-glycosylation can enhance certain types of biological benefits including anti-HIV activity, tyrosinase inhibition, antirotavirus activity, antistress activity, antiobesity activity, anticholinesterase potential, antiadipogenic activity, and antiallergic activity. However, there is a lack of data for most flavonoids, and their structures vary widely. There is also a profound lack of data on the impact of C-glycosylation on flavonoid biological benefits, although it has been demonstrated that in at least some cases C-glycosylation has positive effects on properties that may be useful in human healthcare such as antioxidant and antidiabetes activity. Furthermore, there is a lack of in vivo data that would make it possible to make broad generalizations concerning the influence of glycosylation on the benefits of flavonoids for human health. It is possible that the effects of glycosylation on flavonoid bioactivity in vitro may differ from that seen in vivo. With in vivo (oral) treatment, flavonoid glycosides showed similar or even higher antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, antidegranulating, antistress, and antiallergic activity than their flavonoid aglycones. Flavonoid glycosides keep higher plasma levels and have a longer mean residence time than those of aglycones. We should pay more attention to in vivo benefits of flavonoid glycosides, especially C-glycosides.
Topics: Diet; Flavonoids; Functional Food; Glycosides; Glycosylation; Humans
PubMed: 26176651
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1032400 -
Medicinal Research Reviews Jul 2014Flavonoids are among the most investigated phytochemicals due to their pharmacological and therapeutic activities. Their ability to chelate with metal ions has resulted... (Review)
Review
Flavonoids are among the most investigated phytochemicals due to their pharmacological and therapeutic activities. Their ability to chelate with metal ions has resulted in the emergence of a new category of molecules with a broader spectrum of pharmacological activities. However, the biological significance of these flavonoid-metal ion complexes is yet to be completely explored. Moreover, no concerted efforts have been made to elucidate their molecular targets and mechanisms of action. This review attempts to provide a snapshot of the various biological activities reported for flavonoid-metal ion complexes and their potential as therapeutic agents. Understanding the mechanism of action and the influence of structure will provide a strong basis to design novel flavonoid-metal ion complexes of therapeutic significance.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Coordination Complexes; DNA; Flavonoids; Humans; Ions; Metals
PubMed: 24037904
DOI: 10.1002/med.21301 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Nov 2021The increased oxidative stress in the acceleration of the aging process and development of the neuronal disorder are the common feature detected in neurodegenerative... (Review)
Review
Antioxidant properties of flavonoid metal complexes and their potential inclusion in the development of novel strategies for the treatment against neurodegenerative diseases.
The increased oxidative stress in the acceleration of the aging process and development of the neuronal disorder are the common feature detected in neurodegenerative illness, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Searching for new treatment against these diseases, the inclusion of exogenous antioxidant agents has shown good results. Flavonoids are polyphenols compounds present in plants, fruits and vegetables that exhibit potent antioxidant and biological properties, which are related to their chemical structure that to confer an excellent radical scavenging ability. The design of metal-flavonoid complexes allows to obtain compounds with improved biological and physicochemical properties, generating important increase of the flavonoid antioxidant properties. This evidence we motive to propose that antioxidant properties of the metal flavonoids compounds can play an important role in the design of potential novel therapeutic strategies. This review presents the structure-activity relationship on the antioxidant properties of three series of metal-flavonoid complexes: M-(quercetin), M-(morin), and M-(rutin). In general, we observed that the coordination sites, the metal ion type used, and the molar ratio metal:flavonoid present in the complexes, are important factors for to increase the antioxidant activity. On these evidences we motive to propose that the development of metal-flavonoid compounds is a potentially viable approach for combating neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Coordination Complexes; Flavonoids; Humans; Molecular Structure; Nerve Degeneration; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Quercetin; Rutin; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 34649360
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112236