-
Clinical Biochemistry Dec 2009Homologous recombination is a frequent phenomenon in multigene families and as such it occurs several times in both the alpha- and beta-like globin gene families. In... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Homologous recombination is a frequent phenomenon in multigene families and as such it occurs several times in both the alpha- and beta-like globin gene families. In numerous occasions, genetic recombination has been previously implicated as a major mechanism that drives mutagenesis in the human globin gene clusters, either in the form of unequal crossover or gene conversion. Unequal crossover results in the increase or decrease of the human globin gene copies, accompanied in the majority of cases with minor phenotypic consequences, while gene conversion contributes either to maintaining sequence homogeneity or generating sequence diversity. The role of genetic recombination, particularly gene conversion in the evolution of the human globin gene families has been discussed elsewhere.
CONCLUSION
Here, we summarize our current knowledge and review existing experimental evidence outlining the role of genetic recombination in the mutagenic process in the human globin gene families.
Topics: Base Sequence; Crossing Over, Genetic; Gene Conversion; Globins; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Mutagenesis; Recombination, Genetic
PubMed: 19631200
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.07.014 -
Annual Review of Microbiology 1974
Comparative Study Review
Topics: Bacteria; Crossing Over, Genetic; DNA; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Viral; Endonucleases; Genetics, Microbial; Models, Biological; Mutation; Polynucleotide Ligases; Recombination, Genetic; Transformation, Genetic
PubMed: 4611334
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.mi.28.100174.002305 -
Annual Review of Biochemistry 1978
Review
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Crossing Over, Genetic; DNA; DNA Repair; DNA Replication; DNA, Superhelical; Deoxyribonucleases; Meiosis; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Recombination, Genetic; Transformation, Genetic
PubMed: 150254
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bi.47.070178.004215 -
Journal of Molecular Evolution Feb 2023Genetic recombination is a common evolutionary mechanism that produces molecular diversity. However, its consequences on protein folding stability have not attracted the...
Genetic recombination is a common evolutionary mechanism that produces molecular diversity. However, its consequences on protein folding stability have not attracted the same attention as in the case of point mutations. Here, we studied the effects of homologous recombination on the computationally predicted protein folding stability for several protein families, finding less detrimental effects than we previously expected. Although recombination can affect multiple protein sites, we found that the fraction of recombined proteins that are eliminated by negative selection because of insufficient stability is not significantly larger than the corresponding fraction of proteins produced by mutation events. Indeed, although recombination disrupts epistatic interactions, the mean stability of recombinant proteins is not lower than that of their parents. On the other hand, the difference of stability between recombined proteins is amplified with respect to the parents, promoting phenotypic diversity. As a result, at least one third of recombined proteins present stability between those of their parents, and a substantial fraction have higher or lower stability than those of both parents. As expected, we found that parents with similar sequences tend to produce recombined proteins with stability close to that of the parents. Finally, the simulation of protein evolution along the ancestral recombination graph with empirical substitution models commonly used in phylogenetics, which ignore constraints on protein folding stability, showed that recombination favors the decrease of folding stability, supporting the convenience of adopting structurally constrained models when possible for inferences of protein evolutionary histories with recombination.
Topics: Proteins; Protein Folding; Computer Simulation; Phylogeny; Recombination, Genetic; Evolution, Molecular; Protein Stability
PubMed: 36463317
DOI: 10.1007/s00239-022-10080-2 -
Nature: New Biology May 1973
Topics: DNA; DNA Repair; DNA Replication; Recombination, Genetic
PubMed: 17319067
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Bacteriology Mar 1973Evidence for genetic recombination between Mycobacterium smegmatis strain Rabinowitchi (Rab) and strain Jucho or PM5 is presented. Backcrosses of recombinants by either...
Evidence for genetic recombination between Mycobacterium smegmatis strain Rabinowitchi (Rab) and strain Jucho or PM5 is presented. Backcrosses of recombinants by either parental strain indicated four different types of mating behavior, suggesting that the mycobacterial compatibilities are controlled by at least two different factors. No sex factor that transfers at a high frequency or that is sensitive to acridine dyes was detected. Analysis of segregation of unselected markers revealed that strain Jucho, or PM5, contributes the majority of alleles in almost all recombinants obtained from different selective media. Efforts to construct linkage maps for the markers employed failed because of ordering ambiguities. Mating medium containing streptomycin prevented genetic recombination when strain Rab was resistant to the antibiotic and Jucho, or PM5, was sensitive, but it did not prevent recombination when Rab was sensitive to streptomycin and Jucho, or PM5, was resistant. Very low frequency of recombinant formation was observed when Jucho, or PM5, had been treated with streptomycin, whereas recombinants were formed at fairly high frequencies when Rab had been treated with the antibiotic, suggesting that the roles of parental strains in zygote formation were not identical. The results suggest a polar transfer of genetic material from Rab to Jucho, or PM5, although an alternative possibility of cell fusion followed by exclusion could not be excluded.
Topics: Acridines; Amino Acids; Conjugation, Genetic; Crosses, Genetic; Culture Media; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Mutation; Mycobacterium; Recombination, Genetic; Streptomycin
PubMed: 4691386
DOI: 10.1128/jb.113.3.1104-1111.1973 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Nov 1955
Topics: Bacteria; Genetics; Humans; Recombination, Genetic
PubMed: 13274050
DOI: 10.1126/science.122.3176.920 -
Comptes Rendus Biologies 2016Meiosis is a specialized cell division at the origin of the haploid cells that eventually develop into the gametes. It therefore lies at the heart of Mendelian heredity.... (Review)
Review
Meiosis is a specialized cell division at the origin of the haploid cells that eventually develop into the gametes. It therefore lies at the heart of Mendelian heredity. Recombination and redistribution of the homologous chromosomes arising during meiosis constitute an important source of genetic diversity, conferring to meiosis a particularly important place in the evolution and the diversification of the species. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing meiotic recombination has considerably progressed these last decades, benefiting from complementary approaches led on various model species. An overview of these mechanisms will be provided as well as a discussion on the implications of these recent discoveries.
Topics: Animals; Chromosome Segregation; Chromosomes; Genetics; Humans; Meiosis; Recombination, Genetic
PubMed: 27180110
DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2016.04.003 -
Annual Review of Genetics 1978
Review
Topics: Bacteria; Bacteriophages; Coliphages; Conjugation, Genetic; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Mutation; Recombination, Genetic; Salmonella; Salmonella Phages; Transduction, Genetic; Transformation, Bacterial
PubMed: 371531
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ge.12.120178.000403 -
Molecular Ecology Resources Nov 2011Throughout the living world, genetic recombination and nucleotide substitution are the primary processes that create the genetic variation upon which natural selection... (Review)
Review
Throughout the living world, genetic recombination and nucleotide substitution are the primary processes that create the genetic variation upon which natural selection acts. Just as analyses of substitution patterns can reveal a great deal about evolution, so too can analyses of recombination. Evidence of genetic recombination within the genomes of apparently asexual species can equate with evidence of cryptic sexuality. In sexually reproducing species, nonrandom patterns of sequence exchange can provide direct evidence of population subdivisions that prevent certain individuals from mating. Although an interesting topic in its own right, an important reason for analysing recombination is to account for its potentially disruptive influences on various phylogenetic-based molecular evolution analyses. Specifically, the evolutionary histories of recombinant sequences cannot be accurately described by standard bifurcating phylogenetic trees. Taking recombination into account can therefore be pivotal to the success of selection, molecular clock and various other analyses that require adequate modelling of shared ancestry and draw increased power from accurately inferred phylogenetic trees. Here, we review various computational approaches to studying recombination and provide guidelines both on how to gain insights into this important evolutionary process and on how it can be properly accounted for during molecular evolution studies.
Topics: Computational Biology; Evolution, Molecular; Genetic Variation; Models, Genetic; Phylogeny; Recombination, Genetic; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 21592314
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03026.x