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The New England Journal of Medicine Jan 2018
Review
Topics: Blood Transfusion; Emergency Medical Services; Humans; Resuscitation; Shock, Hemorrhagic
PubMed: 29365303
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1705649 -
Journal of Veterinary Emergency and... Jan 2022Hemorrhagic shock is a common condition that may lead to hemodynamic instability, decreased oxygen delivery, cellular hypoxia, organ damage, and ultimately death. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hemorrhagic shock is a common condition that may lead to hemodynamic instability, decreased oxygen delivery, cellular hypoxia, organ damage, and ultimately death.
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
This review addresses the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock can be rapidly fatal and is the leading cause of death in human trauma patients. Understanding the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock is imperative in understanding the current hemostatic and resuscitative strategies and is foundational to the development of new therapeutic options.
KEY POINTS
Shock is a state of inadequate cellular energy production and can be triggered by many causes Both traumatic and non-traumatic causes of hemorrhage can lead to the development of hemorrhagic shock Prompt recognition and attenuation of hemorrhage is paramount in preventing the onset or potentiation of hemorrhagic shock Acute hemorrhage produces distinct physiological responses depending on the magnitude and rate of hemorrhage. Hemorrhagic shock may be directly related to the initial injury but may also be exacerbated and complicated by a post-traumatic coagulopathy, termed acute traumatic coagulopathy.
Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Humans; Resuscitation; Shock, Hemorrhagic
PubMed: 35044060
DOI: 10.1111/vec.13126 -
Critical Care Clinics Oct 2022Hemorrhage is responsible for at least 40% of deaths after trauma and 27% of maternal deaths worldwide. Patients with hemorrhagic shock require attentive critical care... (Review)
Review
Hemorrhage is responsible for at least 40% of deaths after trauma and 27% of maternal deaths worldwide. Patients with hemorrhagic shock require attentive critical care and transfusion of blood products. Access to a safe and affordable blood supply is critical to providing safe surgical care. Traumatic injury, obstetric hemorrhage, and upper gastrointestinal bleed are the main causes of severe bleeding requiring transfusion. This article discusses the presentation and management of these causes across the world and provides a brief overview of the current challenges in maintaining a global blood supply.
Topics: Blood Transfusion; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Pregnancy; Shock, Hemorrhagic
PubMed: 36162910
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2022.06.013 -
The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care... Nov 2013
Review
Topics: Animals; Humans; Resuscitation; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Trauma Severity Indices; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 24158212
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182a686ed -
The American Surgeon Nov 2022The understanding and management of hemorrhagic shock have evolved significantly over the last 400 years. Injured patients in shock mandate immediate surgeon... (Review)
Review
The understanding and management of hemorrhagic shock have evolved significantly over the last 400 years. Injured patients in shock mandate immediate surgeon involvement. Every graduating surgical resident and every surgeon taking trauma call should thoroughly understand the concepts of damage control resuscitation and be prepared to care for these patients. This review seeks to revisit the history of hemorrhagic shock and the evolution of damage control resuscitation.
Topics: Humans; Resuscitation; Shock, Hemorrhagic
PubMed: 33856934
DOI: 10.1177/00031348211011098 -
Resuscitation Mar 1982
Review
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Transfusion; Dogs; Fluid Therapy; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypoxia; Ischemia; Kidney; Liver; Male; Regional Blood Flow; Resuscitation; Shock, Hemorrhagic
PubMed: 6291113
DOI: 10.1016/0300-9572(82)90002-8 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Aug 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Nasopharynx; Shock, Hemorrhagic
PubMed: 34725030
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0276 -
The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care... Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Child; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Hemorrhage; Shock, Traumatic
PubMed: 36045494
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003782 -
Acta Chirurgica Iugoslavica 2007Hemorrhagic shock is a condition produced by rapid and significant loss of blood which lead to hemodynamic instability, decreases in oxygen delivery, decreased tissue... (Review)
Review
Hemorrhagic shock is a condition produced by rapid and significant loss of blood which lead to hemodynamic instability, decreases in oxygen delivery, decreased tissue perfusion, cellular hypoxia, organ damage and can be rapidly fatal. Despite improved understanding of the pathophysiology and significant advances in technology, it remains a serious problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early treatment is essential but is hampered by the fact that signs and symptoms of shock appear only after the state of shock is well establish and the compensatory mechanisms have started to fail. The primary goal is to stop the bleeding and restore the intravascular volume. This review addresses the pathophysiology and treatment of haemorrhagic shock.
Topics: Humans; Shock, Hemorrhagic
PubMed: 17633864
DOI: 10.2298/aci0701063b -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2018Vascular hyperpermeability is one of the known detrimental effects of hemorrhagic shock, which we continually try to understand, minimize, and reverse. Here, we describe... (Review)
Review
Vascular hyperpermeability is one of the known detrimental effects of hemorrhagic shock, which we continually try to understand, minimize, and reverse. Here, we describe induction of hemorrhagic shock in a rat and studying of its effects on vascular permeability, using intravital microscopy. In this protocol, hemorrhagic shock will be induced by withdrawing blood to reduce the mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 40 mmHg for 60 min followed by resuscitation for 60 min. To study the changes in vascular permeability following hemorrhagic shock, the rats will be given FITC-albumin, a fluorescent tracer, intravenously. Following this, the FITC-albumin flux across the vessel will be measured in mesenteric postcapillary venules by determining fluorescent intensity intravascularly and extravascularly under intravital microscopy.
Topics: Animals; Capillary Permeability; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Intravital Microscopy; Rats; Shock, Hemorrhagic
PubMed: 29468583
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7526-6_5