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The New England Journal of Medicine Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Hemostasis
PubMed: 37646683
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe2304535 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2022In the present decade, we are seeing a rapid increase in available genetics and multiomics information on blood and vascular components of the human and mammalian...
In the present decade, we are seeing a rapid increase in available genetics and multiomics information on blood and vascular components of the human and mammalian circulation, involved in haemostasis, athero- and venous thrombosis, and thrombo-inflammation [...].
Topics: Animals; Hemostasis; Humans; Inflammation; Mammals; Thrombosis; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 35628635
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105825 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2023Hemostasis is a complex but balanced process that permit normal blood flow, without adverse events. Disruption of the balance may lead to bleeding or thrombotic events,... (Review)
Review
Hemostasis is a complex but balanced process that permit normal blood flow, without adverse events. Disruption of the balance may lead to bleeding or thrombotic events, and clinical interventions may be required. Hemostasis laboratories typically offer an array of tests, including routine coagulation and specialized hemostasis assays used to guide clinicians for diagnosing and managing patients. Routine assays may be used to screen patients for hemostasis-related disturbances but may also be used for drug monitoring, measuring efficacy of replacement or adjunctive therapy, and other indications, which may then be used to guide further patient management. Similarly, "specialized" assays are used for diagnostic purposes or may be used to monitor or measure efficacy of a given therapy. This chapter provides an overview of hemostasis and thrombosis, with a focus on laboratory testing that may be used to diagnose and help manage patients suspected of hemostasis- and thrombosis-related disorders.
Topics: Humans; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Thrombosis
PubMed: 37204701
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3175-1_1 -
Blood Reviews Mar 2021Haemostasis stops bleeding at the site of vascular injury and maintains the integrity of blood vessels through clot formation. This regulated physiological process... (Review)
Review
Haemostasis stops bleeding at the site of vascular injury and maintains the integrity of blood vessels through clot formation. This regulated physiological process consists of complex interactions between endothelial cells, platelets, von Willebrand factor and coagulation factors. Haemostasis is initiated by a damaged vessel wall, followed with a rapid adhesion, activation and aggregation of platelets to the exposed subendothelial extracellular matrix. At the same time, coagulation factors aggregate on the procoagulant surface of activated platelets to consolidate the platelet plug by forming a mesh of cross-linked fibrin. Platelets and coagulation mutually influence each other and there are strong indications that, thanks to the interplay between platelets and coagulation, haemostasis is far more effective than the two processes separately. Clinically this is relevant because impaired interaction between platelets and coagulation may result in bleeding complications, while excessive platelet-coagulation interaction induces a high thrombotic risk. In this review, platelets, coagulation factors and the complex interaction between them will be discussed in detail.
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Disease Susceptibility; Hemostasis; Humans; Platelet Activation; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; Protein Binding
PubMed: 32682574
DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100733 -
Haemostasis 1996Coagulation reactions normally occur on cell membranes in vivo. Using a cell-based in vitro model system, we have shown that where a factor is located, not simply how... (Review)
Review
Coagulation reactions normally occur on cell membranes in vivo. Using a cell-based in vitro model system, we have shown that where a factor is located, not simply how much is activated, is critically important in determining its role in hemostasis. Factor Xa activated on a tissue factor (TF)-bearing cell is not equivalent to factor Xa activated on a platelet surface. Factor IX and factor VIII are required for hemostasis because they combine to generate factor Xa on the platelet surface. Factor X activation by factor VIIa/TF does not compensate for a lack of factor IX or VIII because the factor Xa activated by VIIa/TF is located on the wrong surface for efficient thrombin generation.
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Cell Communication; Factor IX; Factor VIII; Hemostasis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Models, Biological; Thromboplastin
PubMed: 8904166
DOI: 10.1159/000217233 -
Nature Reviews. Immunology Jan 2013Thrombosis is the most frequent cause of mortality worldwide and is closely linked to haemostasis, which is the biological mechanism that stops bleeding after the injury... (Review)
Review
Thrombosis is the most frequent cause of mortality worldwide and is closely linked to haemostasis, which is the biological mechanism that stops bleeding after the injury of blood vessels. Indeed, both processes share the core pathways of blood coagulation and platelet activation. Here, we summarize recent work suggesting that thrombosis under certain circumstances has a major physiological role in immune defence, and we introduce the term immunothrombosis to describe this process. Immunothrombosis designates an innate immune response induced by the formation of thrombi inside blood vessels, in particular in microvessels. Immunothrombosis is supported by immune cells and by specific thrombosis-related molecules and generates an intravascular scaffold that facilitates the recognition, containment and destruction of pathogens, thereby protecting host integrity without inducing major collateral damage to the host. However, if uncontrolled, immunothrombosis is a major biological process fostering the pathologies associated with thrombosis.
Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Hemostasis; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Models, Immunological; Thrombosis
PubMed: 23222502
DOI: 10.1038/nri3345 -
Haemostasis Oct 1996
Review
Topics: Blood Coagulation Factors; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Fibrinolysis; Hemostasis; Humans; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy
PubMed: 8979130
DOI: 10.1159/000217305 -
Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Thrombosis; Hemostasis
PubMed: 38458227
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782195 -
Drug Discovery Today Jan 2022Hemophilia A is an X-linked hereditary disorder that results from deficient coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) activity, leading to spontaneous bleeding episodes,... (Review)
Review
Hemophilia A is an X-linked hereditary disorder that results from deficient coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) activity, leading to spontaneous bleeding episodes, particularly in joints and muscles. FVIII deficiency has been associated with altered bone remodeling, dysregulated macrophage polarization, and inflammatory processes that are associated with the neoformation of abnormal blood vessels. Treatment based on FVIII replacement can lead to the development of inhibitors that render FVIII concentrate infusion ineffective. In this context, hemophilia has entered a new therapeutic era with the development of new drugs, such as emicizumab, that seek to restore the hemostatic balance by bypassing pathologically acquired antibodies. We discuss the potential extrahemostatic functions of FVIII that may be crucial for defining future therapies in hemophilia.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Bone Remodeling; Drug Discovery; Factor VIII; Hemophilia A; Hemostasis; Humans; Immunity
PubMed: 34311113
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.015 -
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory... Mar 2021
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Tests; Hemostasis; Humans; Machine Learning
PubMed: 33660488
DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0216