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Disasters Oct 2023Amartya Sen, the economist and philosopher, defines entitlement as command over resources that permits a household to have access to essential goods and services to... (Review)
Review
Amartya Sen, the economist and philosopher, defines entitlement as command over resources that permits a household to have access to essential goods and services to sustain life within legal and established social norms and practices. Entitlement failure occurs when a household's command over all available combinations of resources does not ensure sufficient provisions of food to avoid starvation. This paper provides an overview of the literature on causal relations between civil war and household entitlements. It suggests a conceptual framework for empirically analysing the ramifications of armed political conflict on household entitlements. In addition, it develops a composite index as a tool to investigate the effect of civil war on household entitlements and to guide policy in the context of conflict-related international humanitarian interventions. The paper's key contribution is to suggest an empirical framework for quantitative measurement of the impact of civil war on household entitlements and to improve targeting criteria in post-conflict rehabilitation efforts.
Topics: Humans; Family Characteristics; Warfare
PubMed: 36898976
DOI: 10.1111/disa.12579 -
PloS One 2023Household food and nutrition insecurity continued to be a development and policy agenda in Ethiopia. Assessing the patterns and determinants of household dietary...
BACKGROUND
Household food and nutrition insecurity continued to be a development and policy agenda in Ethiopia. Assessing the patterns and determinants of household dietary diversity is an important area of research given its importance for policy uptake in the country. This study is, therefore, initiated to identify the dominant food groups consumed by households and to investigate the determinants of household dietary diversity in the country.
METHOD
We used data from the 4th wave of the Ethiopian socioeconomic survey. The survey data for this study included 3,115 households living in rural areas (hereafter called 'rural households'). Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) was calculated and categorized as per the FAO's recommendation: low HDDS category for those who consume three or less food groups, medium HDDS for those who consume four to six, and high HDDS for those who consume seven and more food groups during the past seven days. Ordinal logistic regression model was employed to estimate the determinants of rural household's dietary diversity.
RESULTS
Cereals were the most dominant food group consumed by 96.4% of the households followed by pulses, which was consumed by 82% of the households Nutrition-dense food commodities such as lean meat, vegetables and fruits were the least consumed food groups by households in Ethiopia. In terms of determinants of dietary diversity, female headed households have 38% more chance of consuming diverse foods compared to their male-headed counterparts (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.73). Household heads who completed secondary education and above have 62% more chance of consuming diverse foods compared to uneducated household heads (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.30). Household heads who are single have 37% less chance of consuming diverse foods compared to those household heads who are married (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.80). Those households located in Harari regional state and in the rural surroundings of Diredawa town have 6.56 times more chance of consuming diverse foods compared to those households living in Tigray and Amhara regional states (AOR = 6.56, 95% CI: 4.60, 9.37). The results also highlighted that households who are in the upper wealth category have 9 times more chance of consuming diverse foods compared to those households who are the lower wealth category (AOR = 8.54, 95% CI: 6.79, 11.98).
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Ethiopia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Family Characteristics; Vegetables; Rural Population; Food Supply
PubMed: 37018284
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283496 -
PloS One 2019Community-based health insurance (CBHI) scheme is an emerging strategy for providing financial protection against health-related poverty. It is being piloted in the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Community-based health insurance (CBHI) scheme is an emerging strategy for providing financial protection against health-related poverty. It is being piloted in the Sheko district, but community satisfaction with the scheme has not yet studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of household's satisfaction to CBHI scheme and associated factors in a piloted Sheko district; southwest Ethiopia.
METHODS
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Sheko district from March to April 2018. Data was collected on 528 households by using simple random sampling method. Trained data collectors gathered the data using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. To determine the independent predictors of household's satisfaction to CBHI, a cut point of p values < 0.05 were used.
RESULTS
This study showed that more than half (54.7%) of the households were satisfied with the CBHI scheme. Satisfaction to CBHI was positively associated with adequate knowledge of CBHI benefit packages (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.55-3.38), type of health facility visit (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.09-3.39), laboratory service provision (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.15-373) and length of enrollment (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.01-2.32).
CONCLUSIONS
Household's satisfaction to CBHI scheme was moderate. Modifiable factors, including adequate knowledge of CBHI benefit packages, type of health facility visit, laboratory service provision, and length of enrollment were independent determinants of satisfaction. In order to augment enrollee's satisfaction to CBHI, efforts should be given to improving their knowledge of CBHI benefit packages through education and information campaigns. Furthermore, due consideration should also be given to improving the quality of health services.
Topics: Adult; Community-Based Health Insurance; Cross-Sectional Studies; Delivery of Health Care; Ethiopia; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31083706
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216411 -
BMC Pediatrics Sep 2021Social inclusion establishes a basis for the overall wellbeing of children with special needs. Although children's lives are centred around the household, little is...
BACKGROUND
Social inclusion establishes a basis for the overall wellbeing of children with special needs. Although children's lives are centred around the household, little is known about the household's influence on social inclusion. Therefore, the aim is to investigate the household's role in the social inclusion of children with special needs in Uganda.
METHODS
Twelve carers of children with special needs participated in this photovoice study on the outskirts of Kampala, Uganda - including a training workshop, home visits, in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussion.
RESULTS
The social inclusion of children with special needs is highly complex because it has the potential to both benefit and cause harm. The results show that when a disability is socially devalued to a certain degree, carers and their household members have to deal with the ongoing process of stigma management. Depending on the characteristics of the child, carer and household, this can lead to an upward spiral towards visibility or a downward spiral towards concealment - reinforcing social inclusion or stigma, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the fact that there is disability among Ugandan children it remains a 'hidden reality'. This research helps to reveal this hidden reality by understanding the role of the household in social inclusion in a stigmatized context.
Topics: Caregivers; Child; Disabled Children; Family Characteristics; Humans; Social Inclusion; Uganda
PubMed: 34488683
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02805-x -
Journal of Biosocial Science Sep 2015This study uses three key anthropometric measures of nutritional status among children (stunting, wasting and underweight) to explore the dual effects of household...
This study uses three key anthropometric measures of nutritional status among children (stunting, wasting and underweight) to explore the dual effects of household composition and dependency on nutritional outcomes of under-five children in Ghana. The objective is to examine changes in household living arrangements of under-five children to explore the interaction of dependency and nucleation on child health outcomes. The concept of nucleation refers to the changing structure and composition of household living arrangements, from highly extended with its associated socioeconomic system of production and reproduction, social behaviour and values, towards single-family households - especially the nuclear family, containing a husband and wife and their children alone. A negative relationship between levels of dependency, as measured by the number of children in the household, and child health outcomes is premised on the grounds that high dependency depletes resources, both tangible and intangible, to the disadvantage of young children. Data were drawn from the last four rounds of the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (GDHSs), from 1993 to 2008, for the first objective - to explore changes in household composition. For the second objective, the study used data from the 2008 GDHS. The results show that, over time, households in Ghana have been changing towards nucleation. The main finding is that in households with the same number of dependent children, in nucleated households children under age 5 have better health outcomes compared with children under age 5 in non-nucleated households. The results also indicate that the effect of dependency on child health outcomes is mediated by household nucleation and wealth status and that, as such, high levels of dependency do not necessarily translate into negative health outcomes for children under age 5, based on anthropometric measures.
Topics: Anthropometry; Child Health; Child, Preschool; Family Characteristics; Female; Ghana; Health Surveys; Humans; Infant; Male; Nuclear Family; Nutritional Status; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Socioeconomic Factors; Time Factors
PubMed: 25167165
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932014000340 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022This study aimed to explore the health service needs of empty nest families from a household perspective. A multistage random sampling strategy was conducted to select...
This study aimed to explore the health service needs of empty nest families from a household perspective. A multistage random sampling strategy was conducted to select 1606 individuals in 803 empty nest households in this study. A questionnaire was used to ask each individual about their health service needs in each household. The consistency rate was calculated based on their consistent answers to the questionnaire. We used a collective household model to analyze individuals' public health service needs on the family level. According to the results, individuals' consistency rates of health service needs in empty nest households, such as diagnosis and treatment service (H1), chronic disease management service (H2), telemedicine care (H3), physical examination service (H4), health education service (H5), mental healthcare (H6), and traditional Chinese medicine service (H7) were 40.30%, 89.13%, 98.85%, 58.93%, 57.95%, 72.84%, and 63.40%, respectively. Therefore, family-level health service needs could be studied from a family level. Health service needs of H1, H3, H4, H5, and H7 for individuals in empty nest households have significant correlations with each other ( = 0.404, 0.177, 0.286, 0.265, 0.220, < 0.001). This will be helpful for health management in primary care in rural China; the concordance will alleviate the pressure of primary care and increase the effectiveness of doctor-patient communication. Health service needs in empty nest households who took individuals' public needs as household needs ( = 746) included the H4 (43.3%) and H5 (24.9%) and were always with a male householder (94.0%) or at least one had chronic diseases (82.4%). Health service needs in empty nest households that considered one member's needs as household needs ( = 46) included the H1 (56.5%), H4 (65.2%), H5 (63.0%), and H7 (45.7%), and the member would be the householder of the family (90.5%) or had a disease within two weeks (100.0%). In conclusion, family members' roles and health status play an important role in health service needs in empty nest households. Additionally, physical examination and health education services are the two health services that are most needed by empty nest households, and are suitable for delivering within a household unit.
Topics: China; Family Characteristics; Health Services; Health Status; Humans; Male; Rural Population
PubMed: 35055450
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020628 -
BMC Public Health Jan 2019Household food insecurity is a potent social determinant of health and health care costs in Canada, but understanding of the social and economic conditions that underlie...
BACKGROUND
Household food insecurity is a potent social determinant of health and health care costs in Canada, but understanding of the social and economic conditions that underlie households' vulnerability to food insecurity is limited.
METHODS
Data from the 2011-12 Canadian Community Health Survey were used to determine predictors of household food insecurity among a nationally-representative sample of 120,909 households. Household food insecurity over the past 12 months was assessed using the 18-item Household Food Security Survey Module. Households were classified as food secure or marginally, moderately, or severely food insecure based on the number of affirmative responses. Multivariable binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to determine geographic and socio-demographic predictors of presence and severity of household food insecurity.
RESULTS
The prevalence of household food insecurity ranged from 11.8% in Ontario to 41.0% in Nunavut. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, households' odds of food insecurity were lower in Quebec and higher in the Maritimes, territories, and Alberta, compared to Ontario. The adjusted odds of food insecurity were also higher among households reliant on social assistance, Employment Insurance or workers' compensation, those without a university degree, those with children under 18, unattached individuals, renters, and those with an Aboriginal respondent. Higher income, immigration, and reliance on seniors' income sources were protective against food insecurity. Living in Nunavut and relying on social assistance were the strongest predictors of severe food insecurity, but severity was also associated with income, education, household composition, Aboriginal status, immigration status, and place of residence. The relation between income and food insecurity status was graded, with every $1000 increase in income associated with 2% lower odds of marginal food insecurity, 4% lower odds of moderate food insecurity, and 5% lower odds of severe food insecurity.
CONCLUSIONS
The probability of household food insecurity in Canada and the severity of the experience depends on a household's province or territory of residence, income, main source of income, housing tenure, education, Aboriginal status, and household structure. Our findings highlight the intersection of household food insecurity with public policy decisions in Canada and the disproportionate burden of food insecurity among Indigenous peoples.
Topics: Adult; Canada; Child; Family Characteristics; Female; Food Supply; Geography; Humans; Male; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 30606152
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6344-2 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Based on the 2019 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data, this paper used factor analysis to measure the level of financial literacy of surveyed householders and...
Based on the 2019 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data, this paper used factor analysis to measure the level of financial literacy of surveyed householders and used the Probit model and the negative binomial model to test the impact of financial literacy () on household health investment (). The results show that: (1) is an essential influencing factor in increasing participation in , and householders with a higher level of are also more willing to pay for diversified investments. (2) We split the level from the two dimensions of knowledge and ability. We found that the primary (including financial knowledge, computing ability, and correct recognition of investment product risk) plays a more critical role in the investment decision process. (3) When information sources, health knowledge, and family income are used as mediating variables, can influence the decisions of in three ways: expanding information sources, enriching health knowledge, and alleviating income constraints. (4) By analyzing the heterogeneity of household heads in different regions and with different personal characteristics, we found that the medical level of the household location and the life and work experience of the householders played a moderating role.
Topics: Literacy; Investments; Income; Family Characteristics; China
PubMed: 36767597
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032229 -
The Journal of Family Practice Feb 1980The genogram is presented as a technique to record both genetic and interpersonal family-household data. Working with model patients, and using standard instructions and...
The genogram is presented as a technique to record both genetic and interpersonal family-household data. Working with model patients, and using standard instructions and symbols, family medicine residents elicited and recorded an average of 83 percent of available information items during interviews that lasted an average of 16 minutes. Interpretation of data derived from genograms written by other physicians was achieved with a high degree of accuracy (91 to 96 percent correct answers to 25 questions on each of three family-households). The genogram appears to be a practical instrument to record and retrieve family-household data, but its wide application will require standardization of both the technique of recording and the symbols employed.
Topics: Family Characteristics; Humans; Medical History Taking; Methods; Pedigree
PubMed: 7354276
DOI: No ID Found -
Social Biology 1984
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Intervals; Child, Preschool; Family Characteristics; Family Planning Services; Female; Fertility; Humans; India; Nuclear Family; Sampling Studies; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 6544005
DOI: 10.1080/19485565.1984.9988564