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CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jan 1989
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Attitude of Health Personnel; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia
PubMed: 2910400
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatric Annals Feb 1997
Review
Topics: Child; Decision Trees; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Male; Mass Screening; Risk Factors
PubMed: 9121843
DOI: 10.3928/0090-4481-19970201-12 -
The Nurse Practitioner Jan 1990High serum cholesterol, leading to atherosclerosis, heart attack and stroke, is a major health problem in the United States and other Western countries.... (Review)
Review
High serum cholesterol, leading to atherosclerosis, heart attack and stroke, is a major health problem in the United States and other Western countries. Hypercholesterolemia is amenable to dietary and other lifestyle changes that are brought about through education and supportive counseling. Dietary modification includes weight control, lowered intake of fats and cholesterol, and increased ingestion of water-soluble fiber. This article explores cholesterol metabolism and the mechanisms of factors lowering serum cholesterol in the body. The actions of chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins are reviewed. Detection and evaluation of serum total and low density lipoproteins, and pharmacological therapy for hypercholesterolemia are discussed. Specific techniques for the health care provider to use in educating and counseling clients are emphasized.
Topics: Counseling; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Patient Education as Topic
PubMed: 2405301
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Cardiology Nov 1992In previous presentations in these proceedings, the important relationships between cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD) have been reviewed. Guidelines, for... (Review)
Review
In previous presentations in these proceedings, the important relationships between cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD) have been reviewed. Guidelines, for Europe and the United States, for screening and intervention in persons with elevated total or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol have been compared. In this presentation, the current approaches for dietary and drug treatment of hypercholesterolemia are discussed.
Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Life Style; Niacin
PubMed: 1458692
DOI: No ID Found -
Recenti Progressi in Medicina 1991Serum cholesterol exceeding 200 mg/dl or LDL-cholesterol above 140 mg/dl are considered hypercholesterolemic values. 20% of hypercholesterolemias are attributable to...
Serum cholesterol exceeding 200 mg/dl or LDL-cholesterol above 140 mg/dl are considered hypercholesterolemic values. 20% of hypercholesterolemias are attributable to genetic disorders of lipoproteins or lipoprotein receptors while diet-induced hypercholesterolemia accounts for more than 60%. Fatty acids and cholesterol content of the diet play an important role in the regulation of serum cholesterol level. Saturated fatty acids increase serum cholesterol level by reducing the synthesis of LDL receptor-protein while unsaturated fatty acids have the opposite effect. Dietary cholesterol has been demonstrated to play a variable influence of serum cholesterol level, depending upon the efficiency of cholesterol absorption from the intestine and conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the liver.
Topics: Cholesterol; Cholesterol, Dietary; Fatty Acids; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Receptors, LDL
PubMed: 1947407
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinica E Investigacion En... 2021During pregnancy there is a physiological increase in total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) plasma concentrations, due to increased insulin resistance,...
During pregnancy there is a physiological increase in total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) plasma concentrations, due to increased insulin resistance, oestrogens, progesterone, and placental lactogen, although their reference values are not exactly known, TG levels can increase up to 300mg/dL, and TC can go as high as 350mg/dL. When the cholesterol concentration exceeds the 95 percentile (familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) and transient maternal hypercholesterolaemia), there is a predisposition to oxidative stress in foetal vessels, exposing the newborn to a greater fatty streaks formation and a higher risk of atherosclerosis. However, the current treatment of pregnant women with hyperlipidaemia consists of a diet and suspension of lipid-lowering drugs. The most prevalent maternal hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) is due to secondary causes, like diabetes, obesity, drugs, etc. The case of severe HTG due to genetic causes is less prevalent, and can be a higher risk of maternal-foetal complications, such as, acute pancreatitis (AP), pre-eclampsia, preterm labour, and gestational diabetes. Severe HTG-AP is a rare but potentially lethal pregnancy complication, for the mother and the foetus, usually occurs during the third trimester or in the immediate postpartum period, and there are no specific protocols for its diagnosis and treatment. In conclusion, it is crucial that dyslipidaemia during pregnancy must be carefully evaluated, not just because of the acute complications, but also because of the future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of the newborn child. That is why the establishment of consensus protocols or guidelines is essential for its management.
Topics: Cholesterol; Dyslipidemias; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypertriglyceridemia; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Triglycerides
PubMed: 33309071
DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.10.002 -
Swiss Medical Weekly Jul 2008Cholesterol circulating levels are elevated in most of the patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. This review questions whether hypercholesterolaemia represents a... (Review)
Review
Cholesterol circulating levels are elevated in most of the patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. This review questions whether hypercholesterolaemia represents a cardiovascular risk in primary biliary cirrhosis and whether it should be treated. The published evidence indicates that hypercholesterolaemia in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis should be considered a cardiovascular risk factor only when other factors are present. Ursodeoxycholic acid the standard treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis improves the cholestasis and hereby lowers circulating levels of cholesterol. Primary biliary cirrhosis is not a contraindication to prescribe statins or fibrates to these patients. Interestingly, these two classes of drugs have been shown to improve not only the lipid profile but also the liver tests. In particular fibrates have been found to normalize liver tests in patients responding incompletely to ursodeoxycholic acid. Statins as well as fibrates possess specific anti-inflammatory properties which may be beneficial in primary biliary cirrhosis. In conclusion, hypercholesterolaemia in the absence of other cardiovascular risk factors does not require specific therapeutic intervention in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. However, statins as well as fibrates seem to have beneficial effects on the primary biliary cirrhosis itself and deserve formal testing within clinical trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clofibric Acid; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypercholesterolemia; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Risk Factors; Ursodeoxycholic Acid
PubMed: 18654866
DOI: 10.4414/smw.2008.12311 -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Jul 2007
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Recenti Progressi in Medicina Jun 1997The finding of normocholesterolaemia, characterized by plasmatic values of total cholesterol < 2 g/l, which may hide silent lipidic alterations, is not by itself... (Review)
Review
The finding of normocholesterolaemia, characterized by plasmatic values of total cholesterol < 2 g/l, which may hide silent lipidic alterations, is not by itself sufficient to rule out the existence of cardiovascular risk. First level screening of patients exposed to atherogenic risk must begin from dosage of three basic lipidic indicators, represented by total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol. By using the values of the three above-mentioned indicators and by applying Friedewald's formula, it is possible to calculate LDL cholesterol indirectly. Atherogenic risk is present when HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol show plasmatic concentration inferior to 0.35 g/l and superior to 1,3 g/l respectively. The European Atherosclerosis Society lists five hyperlipidaemic classes, from A to E, determined on the basis of plasmatic levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. Mild hypercolesterolaemia associated with modest atherogenic risk and which largely occurs in people and is frequently underestimated form a diagnostic point of view, contributes to cardiovascular mortality more considerably than more serious forms of hypercholesterolaemia. On the basis of this observation, there originated the programmatic proposal for the prevention of hyperlipidaemic complications, presented by the Authors.
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Medical History Taking; Obesity; Physical Examination; Prognosis; Risk; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 9289761
DOI: No ID Found -
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Aug 2011Familial hypercholesterolemia is one of the most common genetic disorders and it provides the best evidence on the etiologic role of LDL-colesterol for arteroesclerosis... (Review)
Review
Familial hypercholesterolemia is one of the most common genetic disorders and it provides the best evidence on the etiologic role of LDL-colesterol for arteroesclerosis development. Two patients with severe hypercholesterolemia had been presented. Importance of early diagnosis and treatment has been stated to avoid or delay atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Male; Pedigree; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 21829860
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2011.e67