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Journal of Radiation Research Jul 2023Irradiation of the liver induces a regenerative response in the nonirradiated part of the liver. It is unclear whether this leads to actual liver enlargement. The aim of...
Irradiation of the liver induces a regenerative response in the nonirradiated part of the liver. It is unclear whether this leads to actual liver enlargement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the weight of compensatory hypertrophy that occurs in nonirradiated livers and to clarify the mechanism of hypertrophy from the viewpoint of hepatocyte proliferation. The anterior liver lobes (anterior lobes) were irradiated with 60 Gy of X-rays (X60 Gy) under opening laparotomy. Body weights and liver lobe weights were measured before and at 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after irradiation, and serum and liver tissue samples were analyzed at each time point. The anterior lobes atrophied progressively, whereas the posterior liver lobes (posterior lobes) hypertrophied in the X-ray irradiated (X-irradiated) group. Although temporary liver damage was observed after irradiation, liver function did not decrease at any time point. Hepatocyte degeneration and loss were observed in the anterior lobes of the X-irradiated group, and significant fibrosis developed 8 weeks postirradiation. Following irradiation, the proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in the anterior lobes decreased markedly in the early postirradiation period, whereas the proportion of positive cells in the posterior lobes increased, peaking at 4 weeks postirradiation (P < 0.05). Increased tumor necrosis factor-α expression was observed only in the anterior liver lobes of the X-irradiated group at 1 and 4 weeks postirradiation. Partial liver irradiation with X60 Gy induced compensatory hypertrophy of nonirradiated liver lobes. This study suggests that liver hypertrophy after partial liver irradiation is caused by increased hepatocyte mitosis.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Liver; Hepatocytes; Liver Diseases; Cell Proliferation; Hypertrophy
PubMed: 37427542
DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad051 -
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health Apr 2007We report a case of an 11-year-old girl with virginal breast hypertrophy; a rare condition characterised by rapid breast enlargement in the peripubertal period. In this...
We report a case of an 11-year-old girl with virginal breast hypertrophy; a rare condition characterised by rapid breast enlargement in the peripubertal period. In this paper we highlight complexities of management in this age group.
Topics: Breast; Child; Female; Holistic Nursing; Humans; Hypertrophy
PubMed: 17444838
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01067.x -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 2020In Asia, the temporal hollowing is considered to be a sign of bad fortune and aging. Many people demand to correct the temporal hollowing with fat grafting....
OBJECTIVE
In Asia, the temporal hollowing is considered to be a sign of bad fortune and aging. Many people demand to correct the temporal hollowing with fat grafting. Subsequently, the temporal hypertrophy secondary to fat grafting become more and more. This study attempted to preliminarily explore the causes of temporal hypertrophy and observe the safety and effectiveness of liposuction in correcting temporal hypertrophy.
METHODS
A diagnostic criteria for temporal hypertrophy was established, and 55 of 78 patients who complained of temporal swelling were defined as temporal hypertrophy, and filled out a questionnaire which included patients' basic information, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative problems related to fat grafting, as well as their acceptance of liposuction. Analyze the results of the questionnaire to explore which factors are associated with hypertrophy. Practice liposuction on patients who are willing to try liposuction. Postoperative complications were observed to determine the safety of liposuction. The patients, doctors, and bystanders were followed up 3 months postoperative to investigate the satisfaction of the operation for analyzing the effectiveness of liposuction for temporal hypertrophy.
RESULTS
Before fat grafting, 13 (23.6%) patients without significant temporal hollowing and 42 (76.4%) patients with obvious temporal hollowing; 28 (50.9%) patients with 1 fat grafting, 20 (36.4%) with 2 fat gratings, 7 (12.7%) with 3 fat grafting. The mean time between 2 fat gratings was 4.8 months. The fat donor sites: 50 (90.9%) patients in thigh, 4 (7.3%) in abdomen, and in 1 (1.8%) in waist. The average onset time of hypertrophy in 55 patients was 13.1 months after the last fat grafting. The average onset time of temporal hypertrophy of the weight-gain group (25.7 months) was significant later than that of the weight-invariant group (7 months) (P < 0.01).No irregularities, skin necrosis, hematoma, or infection was found in all patients. One patient showed the damage to temporal branch of facial nerve on right side, which fully recovered at 1 week postoperative. 7 (22.6%) patients, 10 (32.3%) doctors, and 8 (25.8%) laypersons reported satisfactory results; 14 (45.2%) patients, 15 (48.4%) doctors, and 14 (45.2%) laypersons reported mostly satisfactory results; 10 (32.3%) patients, 6 (19.4%) doctors, and 9 (29.0%) laypersons reported dissatisfactory results.
CONCLUSIONS
To prevent temporal hypertrophy, the following points are important: to rationally choose of indication of temporal fat grafting, to wait 1 to 2 years before next fat grafting, to maintain weight stability after fat grafting, to practice conservative fat grafting, to prudently choose fat donor site. Liposuction is safe for temporal hypertrophy, but it is not easy to operate and difficult to correct all cases. Therefore, a superior treatment plan should be explored.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Lipectomy; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Surveys and Questionnaires; Transplantation, Autologous; Young Adult
PubMed: 33136845
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006628 -
Journal of Animal Science Dec 2006Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to investigate the effects of a QTL for muscle hypertrophy on sarcoplasmic protein expression in ovine muscles. In the Belgian...
Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to investigate the effects of a QTL for muscle hypertrophy on sarcoplasmic protein expression in ovine muscles. In the Belgian Texel breed, the QTL for muscle hypertrophy is localized in the myostatin-encoding gene. Based on microsatellite markers flanking the myostatin gene, we compared the hypertrophied genotype with the normal genotype. The average age of the sheep was 3 mo. Among the 4 muscles studied, in the hypertrophied genotype only the vastus medialis was normal, whereas the semimembranosus, tensor fasciae latae, and LM were hypertrophied. In the hypertrophied genotype, these muscles showed upregulation of enzymes involved in glycolytic metabolism together with oxidative metabolism in LM. Certain chaperone proteins, including glutathione S-transferase-Pi, heat shock protein-27, and heat shock cognate-70, were also more highly expressed, probably due to increased use of energetic pathways. Expression of the iron transport protein transferrin was increased. Alpha-1-antitrypsin was the only protein showing a similar pattern of expression (i.e., less expressed) in all 4 muscles of the hypertrophied genotype. It is suggested that transferrin and alpha-1-antitrypsin may interact to reinforce myogenic proliferative signaling.
Topics: Animals; Energy Metabolism; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Genotype; Hypertrophy; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Proteome; Proteomics; Sheep
PubMed: 17093219
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-162 -
Pain Practice : the Official Journal of... Sep 2013We are following with great interest the increasing generally favorable impressions of the long-term results of the MILD (minimally invasive lumbar decompression)...
We are following with great interest the increasing generally favorable impressions of the long-term results of the MILD (minimally invasive lumbar decompression) procedure for treating spinal stenosis due to hypertrophied ligamentum flavum (LF). We are also influenced by the cautionary surgical observations and opinions of Tumialan et al and publications about the lack of efficacy or placebo effect. The impression indeed has been virtual safety of the MILD procedure, but Tumialan et al describe some major complications resulting from the procedure. An algorithm for clinical use is needed.
Topics: Decompression, Surgical; Humans; Hypertrophy; Ligamentum Flavum; Lumbar Vertebrae; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Spinal Stenosis
PubMed: 23517504
DOI: 10.1111/papr.12051 -
Indian Heart Journal 1993Emerging consensus indicates that the goal of antihypertensive therapy is not merely a reduction in the level of systemic arterial blood pressure; rather, it is... (Review)
Review
Emerging consensus indicates that the goal of antihypertensive therapy is not merely a reduction in the level of systemic arterial blood pressure; rather, it is prevention of target organ damage and reversal of complications. Among the clinical consequences of hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a prominent manifestation. Initially the left ventricle (LV) hypertrophies as an adaptive physiological response to an increase in afterload. However, persistence of LVH can cause a number of cardiac complications. Reversal of LVH is, therefore, likely to be of immense therapeutic benefit. A number of clinical and experimental observations have shown a close correlation between level of adrenergic activity and the development of LVH; adrenergic blockade has been shown to cause regression of LVH. Recent studies have demonstrated that post-synaptic alpha-blockers cause a reduction of LV mass. Terazosin, by virtue of its long duration of action, may attenuate the pathologic adrenergic pathways in the myocardium. These observations suggest the possible role of adrenergic mechanisms in the complex multifactorial pathogenesis of LVH and suggest the therapeutic impact of alpha-adrenergic blockade in promoting regression of LVH.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 8103506
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Cell Biology Jul 1963Muscle cells in the left ventricular walls of four markedly hypertrophied human hearts (above 600 gm) were compared with muscle cells in four non-hypertrophied hearts...
Muscle cells in the left ventricular walls of four markedly hypertrophied human hearts (above 600 gm) were compared with muscle cells in four non-hypertrophied hearts (up to 310 gm). Blocks of tissue obtained postmortem within 6 hours were processed for light and electron microscopy under conditions suitable for good preservation of myofibrils. A lattice parameter, q(h), was defined as the number of myosin filaments per square micron in either H zones or A bands. By the use of methods of electron microscopy, q(h) was determined for perpendicular cross-sections of A bands in a large number of well preserved myofibrils of muscle cells in both groups of hearts. Statistical evaluation of the distributions of values of q(h) revealed no significant difference between the two groups. Thus, the myofilament lattices in hypertrophied cells were geometrically within normal limits. Planimetric measurements of cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers were made, using photomicrographs obtained from one representative hypertrophied heart and from one control. The size-frequency distribution of the measurements showed a marked difference between the two hearts, and confirmed the presence of hypertrophy of muscle cells. Counts of the number of myofibrils per muscle cell were determined for samples from the same two hearts, evaluated statistically, and found to be significantly higher for the hypertrophied heart. It is proposed (a) that myofibrils in hypertrophied heart muscle cells have filament lattices with geometrical arrangement and macromolecular parameters that are the same as those found in myofibrils of normal heart muscle cells; and (b) that in hypertrophy the number of myofilaments increases through formation of new myofibrils, and possibly also by addition of filaments to preexisting myofibrils.
Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Cardiomegaly; Cytoskeleton; Heart; Humans; Hypertrophy; Microscopy, Electron; Myocardium; Myofibrils; Sarcomeres
PubMed: 13986442
DOI: 10.1083/jcb.18.1.195 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... May 1993Acquired antral pyloric hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of pyloric obstruction in the small (10 kg) mature or old dog. Clinical signs include chronic...
Acquired antral pyloric hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of pyloric obstruction in the small (10 kg) mature or old dog. Clinical signs include chronic intermittent vomiting after meals and occasional weight loss or abdominal distension. Definitive diagnosis is made by exploratory laparotomy and histologic examination of excised tissues. Most dogs with acquired antral pyloric hypertrophy become clinically normal after surgical correction of the gastric outlet obstruction.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Gastroscopy; Hypertrophy; Male; Pyloric Antrum; Vomiting
PubMed: 8503159
DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(93)50304-2 -
The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing Jul 1994Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Initially LVH improves contractility and pump... (Review)
Review
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Initially LVH improves contractility and pump function; however, over time a sequence of events occurs including disintegration of myofibrils, interstitial fibrosis, adenosine triphosphate depletion, and altered gene expression. Eventually the hypertrophied myocardium outgrows its capillary bed, subendocardial ischemia develops, and the heart fails. Hemodynamic (pressure) and nonhemodynamic signals (catecholamines, angiotensin II, thyroid hormone) have been identified that stimulate hypertrophic growth of the myocardium. Evidence is also accumulating that the induction of immediate early genes such as c-fos and c-myc may participate in the development of LVH.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Angiotensin II; Cardiovascular Diseases; Catecholamines; Gene Expression; Genes, fos; Genes, myc; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Patient Care Planning; Risk Factors; Signal Transduction; Thyroid Hormones
PubMed: 7931462
DOI: 10.1097/00005082-199407000-00003 -
Cardiologia (Rome, Italy) Oct 1996
Review
Topics: Age Factors; Echocardiography; Heart Septum; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Prevalence
PubMed: 8983823
DOI: No ID Found