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Otolaryngologia Polska = the Polish... 2015The compensatory hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate in patients with septal deviation to one of the nostrils is considered to protect the airways from the excess of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
The compensatory hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate in patients with septal deviation to one of the nostrils is considered to protect the airways from the excess of air that could enter through the nostril and its potential negative effects such as dryness, alteration of air filtration, mucociliary flow, or lung involvement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A prospective, longitudinal, non-randomized study. Patients were divided in two groups: 10 consecutive patients, with nasal septal deviation and compensatory hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate in the contralateral nasal cavity (10 non-hypertrophied turbinates as control and 10 contralateral hypertrophied turbinates as study cases), and the second group with 5 patients without any nasal pathology (10 turbinates without any obvious pathology). In both groups CT scans of the nasal region were performed. A comparison of patients with nasal septal deviation with compensatory hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate in the contralateral nasal cavity and with non-pathological inferior turbinate was carried out.
RESULTS
When analyzing the groups of patients with septal deviation, the contralateral hypertrophied turbinate and the non-hypertrophied turbinate side, we found a significant hypertrophy in the anterior portion of the inferior turbinate, at the level of the medial mucosa (P = 0.002) and bone (P = 0.001) in the group of patients with contralateral hypertrophied turbinate. However, when we compared the contralateral hypertrophic turbinate with the turbinate of patients without septal deviation, we found a significant difference in all volumes of the medial and lateral mucosa and the bone portion (P = 0.001, P = 0.005).
CONCLUSION
Surgical correction of the nasal septum and lateralization or reduction of the volume of the inferior turbinate (which may include the medial mucosa, head or part of the bone) is necessary in order to improve air passage into the nasal valve.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Septum; Prospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Turbinates
PubMed: 26224225
DOI: 10.5604/00306657.1149568 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... May 2007Caveolin-3 (Cav-3) is a muscle-specific membrane protein crucial for myoblast differentiation, as loss of the protein due to mutations within the gene causes an...
Caveolin-3 (Cav-3) is a muscle-specific membrane protein crucial for myoblast differentiation, as loss of the protein due to mutations within the gene causes an autosomal dominant form of limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1-c. Here we show that along with p38 activity the PI3-kinase/AKT/mTOR pathway is required for proper Cav-3 up-regulation during muscle differentiation and hypertrophy, as confirmed by the marked increase of Cav-3 expression in hypertrophied C2C12 cells transfected with an activated form of AKT. Accordingly, Cav-3 expression was further increased during hypertrophy of L6C5 myoblasts treated with Arg(8)-vasopressin and in hypertrophic muscles of MLC/mIGF-1 transgenic mice. In contrast, Cav-3 expression was down-regulated in C2C12 myotubes exposed to atrophic stimuli such as starvation or treatment with dexamethasone. This study clearly suggests that Cav-3 expression is causally linked to the maturation of muscle phenotype and it is tightly regulated by hypertrophic and atrophic stimuli.
Topics: Animals; Caveolin 3; Cell Line; Hypertrophy; Mice; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Myoblasts; Statistics as Topic
PubMed: 17418092
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.148 -
The American Journal of Physiology Nov 1985The purpose of this study was to determine 1) whether a severe hypoxic stimulus could produce an increase in coronary and collateral vascularization and 2) whether...
The purpose of this study was to determine 1) whether a severe hypoxic stimulus could produce an increase in coronary and collateral vascularization and 2) whether minimal coronary resistance, which increases with hypertension-induced hypertrophy, decreases when hypoxia is superimposed on volume load hypertrophy. Data were obtained on 11 dogs rendered anemic to a hematocrit of 11 +/- 0.2 vol% and maintained at this level for 4 wk. Eighteen dogs with a hematocrit of 42 +/- 0.02 vol% were used as controls. After chronic anemia the coronary and collateral flows were quantitated in a beating, vasodilated, isolated heart preparation perfused solely with blood from two normal donor dogs. The following variables were significantly increased in anemia-exposed hearts compared with controls: coronary flow per gram myocardium for the left anterior descending, the circumflex, the right, and the septal arteries; ratio of total coronary flow of each vessel to body weight; and the collateral flows to each coronary vessel. Both the right and left ventricles were hypertrophied. We conclude that severe chronic anemia produces a dissociation between hypertrophy and increased minimal coronary resistance. Severe chronic anemia appears to increase vascularization of both coronary and collateral circulation probably due to tissue hypoxia. In this model coronary collateral vascularity seems to increase in the absence of a pressure difference across collaterals.
Topics: Anemia; Animals; Cardiomegaly; Chronic Disease; Collateral Circulation; Coronary Circulation; Dogs; Myocardium
PubMed: 2932919
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1985.249.5.H1031 -
Annales de Dermatologie Et de... 1988
Review
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Bone Diseases; Bone and Bones; Chondrodysplasia Punctata; Chondroma; Female; Growth Disorders; Humans; Hypertrophy; Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome; Leg Length Inequality; Male; Neurofibromatosis 1
PubMed: 2840011
DOI: No ID Found -
Revue Du Rhumatisme Et Des Maladies... Oct 1992A 52-year-old male developed hypertrophy of the right calf after several bouts of right lumbar pain with sciatica. Electromyography disclosed evidence of demyelination... (Review)
Review
A 52-year-old male developed hypertrophy of the right calf after several bouts of right lumbar pain with sciatica. Electromyography disclosed evidence of demyelination in the territories of the right S1 and S2 roots. Microscopic studies showed both atrophic muscle fibers scattered among fibers of normal caliber and a large number of hypertrophic fibers. Post-sciatica hypertrophy of the calf is a true muscle hypertrophy with muscle weakness. Electromyography may show unusual tracings with repeated complex bursts or continuous activity of motor units. Muscle enzyme levels may be elevated. The size of hypertrophied fibers varies across cases. The cause of the muscle fiber hypertrophy may be either stretching due to the action of antagonists or unusual electrical activity.
Topics: Electromyography; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Sciatica; Spinal Nerve Roots
PubMed: 1494739
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Aug 2005To report on a case of post-denervation muscle hypertrophy in an unusual distribution.
OBJECTIVE
To report on a case of post-denervation muscle hypertrophy in an unusual distribution.
CASE REPORT
A 52-year-old patient with severe flaccid paraparesis after polio developed unilateral C-6 radiculopathy that resolved with conservative treatment. Within 2 years marked hypertrophy, stiffness and pain in the muscles in the affected myotome developed. EMG discovered abundant complex repetitive discharges (CRD) within hypertrophic muscles. On biopsy, true hypertrophy of muscle fibers and some group atrophy was found. Steroid treatment relieved the symptoms and significantly suppressed the CRD. The possible causative role of CRD for hypertrophy in partially denervated muscle is discussed.
Topics: Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Radiculopathy
PubMed: 16023540
DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.09.019 -
The Laryngoscope Aug 1957
Topics: Disease; Humans; Hypertrophy; Palatine Tonsil; Pharyngeal Diseases; Tongue
PubMed: 13464119
DOI: 10.1288/00005537-195708000-00005 -
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Sep 2017In hypertrophy, progressive loss of function caused by impaired diastolic compliance correlates with advancing cardiac fibrosis. Endothelial cells contribute to this...
BACKGROUND
In hypertrophy, progressive loss of function caused by impaired diastolic compliance correlates with advancing cardiac fibrosis. Endothelial cells contribute to this process through endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) resulting from inductive signals such as transforming growth factor (TGF-β). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has proven effective in preserving systolic function and delaying the onset of failure. In this study, we hypothesize that VEGF inhibits EndMT and prevents cardiac fibrosis, thereby preserving diastolic function.
METHODS
The descending aorta was banded in newborn rabbits. At 4 and 6 weeks, hypertrophied animals were treated with intrapericardial VEGF protein and compared with controls (n = 7 per group). Weekly transthoracic echocardiography measured peak systolic stress. At 7 weeks, diastolic stiffness was determined through pressure-volume curves, fibrosis by Masson trichrome stain and hydroxyproline assay, EndMT by immunohistochemistry, and activation of TGF-β and SMAD2/3 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
Peak systolic stress was preserved during the entire observation period, and diastolic compliance was maintained in treated animals (hypertrophied: 20 ± 1 vs treated: 11 ± 3 and controls: 12 ± 2; p < 0.05). Collagen was significantly higher in the hypertrophied group by Masson trichrome (hypertrophied: 3.1 ± 0.9 vs treated: 1.8 ± 0.6) and by hydroxyproline assay (hypertrophied: 2.8 ± 0.6 vs treated: 1.4 ± 0.4; p < 0.05). Fluorescent immunostaining showed active EndMT in the hypertrophied group but significantly less in treated hearts, which was directly associated with a significant increase in TGF-β/SMAD-2 messenger RNA expression.
CONCLUSIONS
EndMT contributes to cardiac fibrosis in hypertrophied hearts. VEGF treatment inhibits EndMT and prevents the deposition of collagen that leads to myocardial stiffness through TGF-β/SMAD-dependent activation. This presents a therapeutic opportunity to prevent diastolic failure and preserve cardiac function in pressure-loaded hearts.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Echocardiography; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Fibrosis; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Myocardium; Rabbits; Systole; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 28483153
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.01.112 -
Dermatologic Surgery : Official... Nov 2015
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypertrophy; Lasers, Dye; Lasers, Solid-State; Port-Wine Stain
PubMed: 26506068
DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000524 -
The American Journal of Surgical... Jun 1996Lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum (LHAS) has been associated with cardiac arrhythmias and is defined as fatty infiltration > 2 cm thick in the atrial septum....
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum (LHAS) has been associated with cardiac arrhythmias and is defined as fatty infiltration > 2 cm thick in the atrial septum. The clinical and histologic features of surgically excised LHAS have not been previously studied. We studied 11 surgical resections of LHAS and compared them with 13 autopsy cases of LHAS and 24 control autopsy hearts. Of 11 surgical patients, eight were women: patients' mean age was 63 years, and six were described as mildly to overtly obese. Symptoms included congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, palpitations, syncope, and incidental mass found at surgery. Imagining studies typically revealed a right atrial mass with a mean size of 6 cm (range, 2.5-10 cm). Multivacuolated fat was more extensive in surgical (p = 0.005) and autopsy (p = 0.009) cases of LHAS than in control hearts. Atypical, hypertrophied myocytes were presented in 72% of cases of LHAS compared with 8% of controls (p = 0.0003). In autopsy hearts, histologically abundant multivacuolated fat, heart weight, and body size were independently associated with increased atrial septal thickness. LHAS can be surgically excised, it has a distinctive histologic appearance marked by the presence of abundant multivacuolated fat and hypertrophied myocytes, and it is associated with increased body and cardiac mass.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Body Weight; Cardiomegaly; Coronary Disease; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Atria; Heart Septum; Humans; Lipomatosis; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Organ Size; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 8651346
DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199606000-00004