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Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Mar 2007
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Annual Review of Entomology 2009Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) is a leading cause of encephalitis in eastern and southern Asia. The virus is maintained in a zoonotic cycle... (Review)
Review
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) is a leading cause of encephalitis in eastern and southern Asia. The virus is maintained in a zoonotic cycle between ardeid wading birds and/or pigs and Culex mosquitoes. The primary mosquito vector of JEV is Culex tritaeniorhynchus, although species such as Cx. gelidus, Cx. fuscocephala, and Cx. annulirostris are important secondary or regional vectors. Control of JEV is achieved through human and/or swine vaccination, changes in animal husbandry, mosquito control, or a combination of these strategies. This review outlines the ecology of JEV and examines the recent expansion of its geographical range, before assessing its ability to emerge in new regions, using the hypothetical establishment in the United States as a case study.
Topics: Animals; Asia, Southeastern; Culex; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese; Encephalitis, Japanese; Geography; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Insect Vectors
PubMed: 19067628
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090510 -
Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases... Jan 2019Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a representative virus of the JEV serogroup in genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. JEV is a mosquito-borne virus that causes...
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a representative virus of the JEV serogroup in genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. JEV is a mosquito-borne virus that causes Japanese encephalitis (JE), one of the most severe viral encephalitis diseases in the world. JEV is divided into five genotypes (G1-G5), and each genotype has its own distribution pattern. However, the distribution of different JEV genotypes has changed markedly in recent years. JEV G1 has replaced G3 as the dominant genotype in the traditional epidemic areas in Asia, while G3 has spread from Asia to Europe and Africa and caused domestic JE cases in Africa. G2 and G5, which were endemic in Malaysia, exhibited great geographical changes as well. G2 migrated southward and led to prevalence of JE in Australia, while G5 emerged in China and South Korea after decades of silence. Along with these changes, JE occurred in some non-traditional epidemic regions as an emerging infectious disease. The regional changes in JEV pose a great threat to human health, leading to huge disease burdens. Therefore, it is of great importance to strengthen the monitoring of JEV as well as virus genotypes, especially in non-traditional epidemic areas.
Topics: Encephalitis Virus, Japanese; Encephalitis, Japanese; Genotype; Global Health; Humans
PubMed: 30207876
DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2291 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Mar 2006
Topics: Encephalitis, Japanese; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Singapore
PubMed: 16710983
DOI: 10.3201/eid1203.051251 -
Journal of Travel Medicine Jul 2021
Topics: Encephalitis, Japanese; Humans; Indonesia; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines; Travel; Vaccines
PubMed: 33772281
DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taab050 -
Epidemiologic Reviews 1992
Review
Topics: Animals; Asia; Disease Reservoirs; Disease Vectors; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese; Encephalitis, Japanese; Humans; Incidence; Seasons; Vaccination
PubMed: 1337744
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036087 -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Feb 2003
Review
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Biomarkers; Brain; Chorea; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese; Encephalitis, Japanese; Global Health; Humans; Parkinsonian Disorders; Prognosis; RNA, Viral; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 12722195
DOI: No ID Found -
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy Sep 2012Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JE is endemic in most of the South-East Asian... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JE is endemic in most of the South-East Asian countries and in some parts of the Western Pacific. As mosquito control is ineffective, currently vaccination is the only available control measure. A mouse brain-derived inactivated JE vaccine (MBDV) has been in use for a long time; however, it is not feasible for mass vaccination due to the ethical and safety issues. With the World Health Organization (WHO) appealing for the development of novel, safe and affordable JE vaccines, several vaccine candidates have been developed in the recent times and IMOJEV ® is one among them.
AREAS COVERED
This review presents a brief account of various developmental, immunological and ethical issues related to IMOJEV® and provides an in-depth account of its clinical development and efficacy in comparison to other JE vaccines.
EXPERT OPINION
IMOJEV® is a safe and efficacious vaccine. If made affordable through financial assistance from health agencies or by its production in set ups where operational costs are lower, it may become an ideal vaccine for mass vaccination in JE endemic regions.
Topics: Animals; Asia; Drug Costs; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese; Encephalitis, Japanese; Endemic Diseases; Humans; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines; Mass Vaccination; Mosquito Control; Treatment Outcome; Vaccines, Synthetic
PubMed: 22775524
DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.704908 -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... May 2005
Review
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Biomarkers; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese; Encephalitis, Japanese; Genome, Viral; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines; RNA, Viral; Vaccines, DNA; Viral Envelope Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 15954424
DOI: No ID Found -
Viruses May 2023Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family and one of Asia's most common causes of encephalitis. JEV is a zoonotic virus that is...
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family and one of Asia's most common causes of encephalitis. JEV is a zoonotic virus that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes of the species. While humans are dead-end hosts for the virus, domestic animals such as pigs and birds are amplification hosts. Although JEV naturally infected monkeys have been reported in Asia, the role of non-human primates (NHPs) in the JEV transmission cycle has not been intensively investigated. In this study, we demonstrated neutralizing antibodies against JEV in NHPs () and humans living in proximity in two provinces located in western and eastern Thailand by using Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT). We found a 14.7% and 5.6% seropositive rate in monkeys and 43.7% and 45.2% seropositive rate in humans living in west and east Thailand, respectively. This study observed a higher seropositivity rate in the older age group in humans. The presence of JEV neutralizing antibodies in NHPs that live in proximity to humans shows the occurrence of natural JEV infection, suggesting the endemic transmission of this virus in NHPs. According to the One Health concept, regular serological studies should be conducted especially at the animal-human interface.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Swine; Aged; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese; Thailand; Haplorhini; Encephalitis, Japanese; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral
PubMed: 37243211
DOI: 10.3390/v15051125