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Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 1998
Review
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Down Syndrome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leukemoid Reaction
PubMed: 9833410
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatric Emergency Care Aug 2017Herein, we report a case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and a leukemoid reaction. Although this association has been described in a few...
Herein, we report a case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and a leukemoid reaction. Although this association has been described in a few adult patients, pediatric cases have not been reported. A leukemoid reaction is commonly defined as an elevation in the white blood cell count greater than 50,000/μL in response to severe illness or stress other than hematologic malignancy; it is considered to be mediated by various hormones, cytokines, and factors that are released in response to inciting triggers, such as acidosis. As highlighted in our report, distinguishing a benign leukemoid reaction from a hematologic malignancy and even tumor lysis syndrome, particularly in a setting of diabetic ketoacidosis, is crucial to ensuring safe and efficacious therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Granulocyte Precursor Cells; Humans; Leukemoid Reaction; Leukocyte Count; Neutrophils
PubMed: 26414639
DOI: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000558 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Apr 2019Leukemoid reaction (LR) is defined as a reactive leucocytosis with WBC counts exceeding 50,000/mm, and a significant increase in early neutrophil precursors. LR may be a...
BACKGROUND
Leukemoid reaction (LR) is defined as a reactive leucocytosis with WBC counts exceeding 50,000/mm, and a significant increase in early neutrophil precursors. LR may be a paraneoplastic manifestation of various malignant tumors. Tumor-related LR is a kind of neoplastic syndrome, unrelated to an infection or other diseases.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 74-year-old male visited a local doctor with a 20-day history of progressive dysphagia. The complete blood count revealed leucocytosis. Bone marrow aspirates and a biopsy confirmed LR and excluded chronic myelogenous leukemia. Following radical esophagectomy for an adenocarcinoma the WBC counts successively decreased to 10,450/mm and 8670/mm within 1 week and 1 month, respectively.
CONCLUSION
We report a rare case of esophageal adenocarcinoma complicated with excessive leucocytosis caused by paraneoplastic LR; we also present a review of literature and an investigation of the clinical features. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LR associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Bone Marrow; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Humans; Leukemoid Reaction; Leukocyte Count; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30961609
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-019-0893-z -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Apr 2014Leukemoid reaction is defined as reactive leukocytosis exceeding 40 × 10⁹/l, with a significant increase in early neutrophil precursors, and can be a...
Leukemoid reaction is defined as reactive leukocytosis exceeding 40 × 10⁹/l, with a significant increase in early neutrophil precursors, and can be a paraneoplastic manifestation of various malignant tumors. Leukemoid reaction is a sign for poor prognosis in solid tumors so is sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) when compared to more differentiated histologies. Here, we are reporting two cases of leukemoid reaction after radical nephrectomy, both of which were diagnosed as SRCC pathologically. The operations were successful: no complications were observed and the patients were discharged in good condition. However, a few weeks later, the white blood cell (WBC) count gradually increased. Even though routine management was done immediately, the count was still elevating. A diagnosis of a leukemoid reaction was established and both of them died shortly thereafter. Due to the poor prognosis of most patients with malignant leukemoid reaction, leukemoid reaction may be a predictor of prognosis in patients with SRCC, but more data are needed.
Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Female; Humans; Leukemoid Reaction; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrectomy; Prognosis
PubMed: 24745762
DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-100 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Dec 2013The prognosis of patients with leukemoid reaction (LR) depends mainly on their underlying illness. Our aim was to investigate the etiologies and prognosis of a mixed...
BACKGROUND
The prognosis of patients with leukemoid reaction (LR) depends mainly on their underlying illness. Our aim was to investigate the etiologies and prognosis of a mixed group of patients with LR.
METHODS
We identified 173 patients who had ≥30.0 × 10(9) leukocytes/µL without hematologic malignancies. Causes of LR and factors contributing to death were analyzed.
RESULTS
Patients with LR constituted 0.59% of all admitted adults. The median age was 75 years, but 20 patients were aged <40 years. There was no difference in LR prevalence by gender (female/male = 88/85). Average white blood cell (WBC) count was 37.7 × 10(9)/µL. Fourteen patients (8.0%) had a WBC count of >50.0 × 10(9)/µL. The median duration of LR was 1 day, but 39 patients had prolonged LR (>1 day). Infection was the most common cause of LR (n = 83, 47.9%; 95% confidence interval, 40.7-55.4), followed by ischemia/stress (27.7%), inflammation (6.9%), and obstetric diagnoses (6.9%). Higher WBC counts were significantly associated with positive blood cultures (P = .017) or a positive Clostridium difficile toxin (P = .001). Antibiotics were prescribed for 140 patients (80.9%). Sixty-six patients (38.1%) died during hospitalization. Those with prolonged LR had an in-hospital mortality rate of 61.5%. Factors found to be highly correlated with death were age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.051, P < .001), any infectious diagnosis (OR = 2.574, P = .014), and sepsis (OR = 3.752, P = .001).
CONCLUSIONS
LR carries a grave prognosis, especially among the elderly and those with sepsis. LR was found to have multiple etiologies including infections, stress, inflammation, and obstetric diagnoses.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Infections; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Leukemoid Reaction; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 23994818
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit562 -
American Journal of Diseases of... Feb 1984Leukemoid reactions occurred in 136 patients (3.8%) hospitalized with shigellosis in Bangladesh. Sixty-eight percent of the patients with leukemoid reactions were...
Leukemoid reactions occurred in 136 patients (3.8%) hospitalized with shigellosis in Bangladesh. Sixty-eight percent of the patients with leukemoid reactions were children less than 4 years old. When compared with patients without leukemoid reactions, the leukemoid reactions were significantly associated with children aged less than 10 years. The most common serotype of Shigella in the patients with leukemoid reactions was Shigella dysenteriae 1, isolated from 96 patients (71%), whereas the most common species in patients without leukemoid reactions was Shigella flexneri, isolated from 2,119 patients (62%). The case fatality rate in patients with leukemoid reactions was 21% compared with 7.4% in patients without leukemoid reactions. These findings indicated that in patients with shigellosis, the leukemoid reaction was significantly associated with young children, isolation of S dysenteriae 1, and increased case fatality rate.
Topics: Bangladesh; Child; Child, Preschool; Dysentery, Bacillary; Female; Humans; Infant; Leukemoid Reaction; Leukocyte Count; Male; Prognosis
PubMed: 6695872
DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1984.02140400044010 -
Blood May 2019
Topics: Aged; Bone Marrow Diseases; Fibrosis; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Leukemoid Reaction; Male
PubMed: 31048304
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2019-01-894006 -
Blood Jan 2019
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic; Leukemoid Reaction; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Prognosis
PubMed: 30630849
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-10-881532 -
American Journal of Hematology Nov 2015
Topics: Granulocytes; Humans; Leukemoid Reaction; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Neutrophils; Plasma Cells
PubMed: 26147944
DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24106 -
BMJ Case Reports Oct 2020A 51-year-old-man presented with symptoms and baseline investigations suggestive of an infective process. Most strikingly, there was a pronounced neutrophil predominant...
A 51-year-old-man presented with symptoms and baseline investigations suggestive of an infective process. Most strikingly, there was a pronounced neutrophil predominant leucocytosis. Lack of a clinical and biochemical response to empirical antibiotic therapy, prompted imaging for a deep-seated infective process, incidentally uncovering a gastro-oesophageal junction tumour. Resection of the tumour was followed by rapid resolution of the leucocytosis. He remains in clinical remission since tumour resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer-associated leukemoid reactions in non-disseminated tumours are rare. The role of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes both in the peripheral blood and the tumour itself is discussed herein. There is increasing recognition of the importance of the non-cancer cellular components of the tumour microenvironment. Myeloid suppressor cells are a subset of PMN leucocytes which play a role in tumour progression.The role of these cells and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is highlighted in this case.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Esophageal Mucosa; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Esophagogastric Junction; Esophagoscopy; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Incidental Findings; Leukemoid Reaction; Male; Middle Aged; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells; Paracrine Communication; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 33040032
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235069