-
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Apr 2020Pthirus pubis, popularly known as crab louse, usually infests the pubis, groin, buttocks, intergluteal fold and perianal region. However, it can also infest, in... (Review)
Review
Pthirus pubis, popularly known as crab louse, usually infests the pubis, groin, buttocks, intergluteal fold and perianal region. However, it can also infest, in particular in hairy males or when the infestation is longstanding, the thighs, abdomen, chest, axillae and face. The involvement of the scalp is very rare. Eyelashes may also be involved. We present a review of the literature about etiology, epidemiology, clinical features, complications and therapy of Pthiriasis of the eyelashes.
Topics: Animals; Eyelashes; Humans; Lice Infestations; Phthirus
PubMed: 31525840
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.19.06350-8 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Oct 2006A permanent decrease was seen in the prevalence of lice infestation among population of the Ukraine from 1990-2004. The prevalence of lice infestation among children...
A permanent decrease was seen in the prevalence of lice infestation among population of the Ukraine from 1990-2004. The prevalence of lice infestation among children under 14 years of age was 6-27 times more than that in adults. The highest figures were among children 7-14 years old. During all of the observation period there were changing tendencies relative to the groups. The greatest number of cases of infection with lice were noted in the months when the control inspections of children in education institutions were performed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Animals; Child; Humans; Insect Control; Lice Infestations; Phthiraptera; Prevalence; Ukraine
PubMed: 17114740
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.070 -
East African Medical Journal Aug 2013Head lice infestation affects mainly school-aged children and prevalence varies from region to region. Head lice infestation is of public health concern and screening is...
BACKGROUND
Head lice infestation affects mainly school-aged children and prevalence varies from region to region. Head lice infestation is of public health concern and screening is integrated into the School Health Programme.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of head lice infestation in primary school-aged children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional descriptive study.
SUBJECTS
A stratified multi-staged sampling technique was used to recruit pupils between six and 12 years of age, from thirteen primary schools located in three School Districts in the area. The heads of the pupils were inspected for head lice and nits with the aid of a battery operated Robi lice comb, magnifying glass and a torch as light source.
RESULTS
A total of 1350 pupils were studied, 743 (55%) females and 607 (45%) males giving a female to male ratio of 1.2:1. Ten (0.7%) of the pupils had head lice infestation while five (0.4%) had evidence of past head lice infestation. The number of infested pupils among the younger age group (six to nine years) was seven (0.8%) and is higher, though not statistically significant, than that in the older age group (ten to twelve years) which was three (0.6%) (p = 0.453). No male was found to be infested while ten (1.3%) females were infested and the observed gender difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
Head lice infestation still exists in Primary School children in Nigeria, therefore, screening for head lice infestation should still remain a part of the School Health Programme.
Topics: Age Distribution; Animals; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Lice Infestations; Male; Nigeria; Pediculus; Prevalence; Scalp Dermatoses; Schools; Sex Distribution
PubMed: 26866114
DOI: No ID Found -
American Family Physician Jan 2004Pediculosis and scabies are caused by ectoparasites; patients usually present with itching. Head and pubic lice infestations are diagnosed by the visualization of... (Review)
Review
Pediculosis and scabies are caused by ectoparasites; patients usually present with itching. Head and pubic lice infestations are diagnosed by the visualization of insects or viable nits (eggs). Primary treatment is topically administered 1 percent permethrin. Malathion is one alternative for treatment failures. The importance of environmental measures to prevent infestation is a matter of controversy. Pubic lice are treated the same as head lice, but this finding should prompt evaluation for other sexually transmitted diseases. Body lice infestation should be suspected when symptoms of generalized itching occur in persons who do not change or wash their clothing or bedding regularly; lice may be found in the seams of their clothing. Topically administered permethrin may help to eradicate body lice, but personal hygiene measures are essential for successful treatment. Classic scabies in adults can be recognized by a pruritic, papular rash with excoriations; in infants, small children, and the immunocompromised, the rash may include vesicles, pustules, or nodules. Primary treatment for scabies is permethrin cream and environmental measures are important to prevent recurrent infestation. Generalized crusted scabies is best treated with oral ivermectin.
Topics: Humans; Lice Infestations; Scabies
PubMed: 14765774
DOI: No ID Found -
American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for the prevention and treatment of head lice infestation.The American Journal of Managed Care Sep 2004The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) established diagnosis and treatment guidelines for pediculosis in 2002. Ideally, diagnosis should be based on the observation of... (Review)
Review
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) established diagnosis and treatment guidelines for pediculosis in 2002. Ideally, diagnosis should be based on the observation of a live louse. The presence of nits is also used by many people to positively diagnose an infestation, although a nit located farther from the scalp than 1 cm is unlikely to be viable. Other material on the scalp may be mistaken for nits, leading to misdiagnosis. Because lice are not associated with serious medical problems, the primary consideration of the AAP regarding treatment is the safety of pediculicides and other products used to treat head lice. From a pediatrician's perspective, no significant risk is acceptable. Over-the-counter (OTC) pyrethroid products (pyrethrin and permethrin) are commonly used by parents to treat their children and are generally considered safe for most people. Pyrethroids are not completely ovicidal, however, so a second application is required. Misuse and overuse of these products have contributed to the development of resistance. Prescription products include permethrin 5%, lindane, and malathion 0.5%. Resistance to permethrin 5% and lindane has been documented. In addition, lindane is associated with serious adverse events and should be used with caution only in a select population. Malathion 0.5% is about 98% ovicidal, and no resistance has been reported. Malathion is highly effective, but AAP guidelines note that the product is flammable and serious adverse effects can occur with ingestion. Very few cases of ingestion have occurred, and no reported cases of flammability, but children being treated with malathion should be carefully supervised, and this pediculicide should not be used unless treatment with OTC products has failed. AAP guidelines also state that no-nit policies in schools are detrimental, causing lost time in the classroom, inappropriate allocation of the school nurse's time for lice screening, and a response to infestations that is out of proportion to their medical significance. Accurate diagnosis, safe treatment options, and a common-sense approach to managing infestations in schools are recommended.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Lice Infestations; Pediculus; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; United States
PubMed: 15515631
DOI: No ID Found -
Dermatologic Therapy 2009Pediculosis capitis, or head lice, is a common infestation among children worldwide. Multiple therapies exist for the treatment of this condition, including topical...
Pediculosis capitis, or head lice, is a common infestation among children worldwide. Multiple therapies exist for the treatment of this condition, including topical pediculicides and oral medications. When used in combination with environmental decontamination, these drugs can be very effective in eradicating head lice infestation without significant adverse events. The present study discusses the use of available over-the-counter and prescription treatments, including pyrethroids and permethrin, lindane, malathion, ivermectin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, in the treatment of head lice.
Topics: Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Lice Infestations; Pediculus
PubMed: 19580574
DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01242.x -
Medizinische Monatsschrift Fur... Apr 1994
Review
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lice Infestations; Pediculus; Scalp Dermatoses
PubMed: 8196568
DOI: No ID Found -
JAMA Dermatology Aug 2013
Topics: Animals; Hair; Humans; Lice Infestations; Male; Middle Aged; Paraplegia; Pediculus; Pruritus; Wheelchairs
PubMed: 23804210
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.4419 -
Infectious Diseases of Poverty May 2022Human pediculosis is caused by hematophagous lice, which are transmitted between individuals via direct and/or indirect contact. Despite the public health importance of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Human pediculosis is caused by hematophagous lice, which are transmitted between individuals via direct and/or indirect contact. Despite the public health importance of louse infestation, information concerning the global burden of pediculosis and the epidemiological landscape of louse-borne diseases is limited. The aim of this review was to summarize the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of lice infestation in humans. We also discussed the latest advances in molecular taxonomy and molecular genetics of lice.
METHODS
We searched five electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, VIP Chinese Journal Database, and Wanfang Data) and followed a standard approach for conducting scoping reviews to identify studies on various aspects of human lice. Relevant information reported in the identified studies were collated, categorized, and summarized.
RESULTS
A total of 282 studies were eligible for the final review. Human pediculosis remains a public health issue affecting millions of people worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that head lice and body lice should be considered conspecific, with different genotypes and ecotypes. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial (mt) cytb gene sequences identified six distinct clades of lice worldwide. In addition to the direct effect on human health, lice can serve as vectors of disease-causing pathogens. The use of insecticides plays a crucial role in the treatment and prevention of louse infestation. Genome sequencing has advanced our knowledge of the genetic structure and evolutionary biology of human lice.
CONCLUSIONS
Human pediculosis is a public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries. More progress can be made if emphasis is placed on the use of emerging omics technologies to elucidate the mechanisms that underpin the physiological, ecological, and evolutionary aspects of lice.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Insecticides; Lice Infestations; Pediculus; Phylogeny; Public Health
PubMed: 35619191
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-00986-w -
Tropical Biomedicine Dec 2021Ectoparasitic infestations including pediculosis capitis are common in people of disadvantaged communities as they live in overcrowded institutions, a condition that...
Ectoparasitic infestations including pediculosis capitis are common in people of disadvantaged communities as they live in overcrowded institutions, a condition that often favourable for disease transmission. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of head lice infestation among disadvantaged children aged between five to 14 years-old living in five poor conditions located across the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Of total 335 children examined, 14% were positively infected with head lice. Molecular analysis using the universal cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ( COI) barcoding gene on total of 167 head lice collected in this study indicated they are belonging to the A and C clades; confirming the global distribution of clade A and expansion of clade C in Southeast Asia, which is reported for the first time in Malaysia.
Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Lice Infestations; Malaysia; Pediculus; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vulnerable Populations
PubMed: 35001925
DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.4.102