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PeerJ 2023Linolenic acid (LA) has poor oxidative stability since it is a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Soybean oil has a high LA content and thus has poor oxidative stability. To...
Linolenic acid (LA) has poor oxidative stability since it is a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Soybean oil has a high LA content and thus has poor oxidative stability. To identify candidate genes that affect the linolenic acid (LA) content in soybean seeds, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed with 1,060 soybean cultivars collected in China between 2019-2021 and which LA content was measured using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF IMS). A candidate gene, , encoding an APETALA2 (AP2)-type transcription factor, was detected by GWAS in cultivars from all three study years. Multiple sequence alignments showed that belongs to the plant WRI1 family. The fatty acid contents of different soybean lines were evaluated in transgenic lines with a copy of , control lines without , and the mutant. MALDI-TOF IMS revealed that transgenic soybeans had a lower LA content with a significant effect on seed size and shape, whereas mutants had a higher LA content. compared to control. The RNA-seq results showed that suppresses ( and ) and expression in soybean seeds, leading to decreased LA content. Based on the RNA-seq data, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and qRT-PCR were performed to confirm the transcriptional regulation of by GmWRI14. Our results suggest that is indirectly regulated by , representing a new molecular mechanism of fatty acid biosynthesis, in which regulates LA content in soybean seeds.
Topics: Glycine max; Genome-Wide Association Study; alpha-Linolenic Acid; RNA-Seq; Fatty Acids; Seeds
PubMed: 37933254
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16138 -
International Journal of Food... Feb 2009The antimicrobial activity of alpha-linolenic, capric and lauric acids on Staphylococcus aureus was studied in relation to their effect on the de novo fatty acid...
The antimicrobial activity of alpha-linolenic, capric and lauric acids on Staphylococcus aureus was studied in relation to their effect on the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Labelled acetate was used as integrated carbon source and traced in the de novo fatty acid by using a GC-Mass spectrometer and the single ion monitoring (SIM) technique. The detection of the incorporation of the labelled carbon into the individual cell fatty acids (FAs) provided an insight into the different effects of alpha-linolenic, capric and lauric acids on the FA biosynthesis. The results suggested that FAs pathway is the major target of alpha-linolenic acid and that other enzymes in addition to FabI are involved in S. aureus response mechanism when medium chain fatty acids are present.
Topics: Decanoic Acids; Fatty Acids; Lauric Acids; Staphylococcus aureus; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 19168249
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.12.010 -
Animal Science Journal = Nihon Chikusan... Jul 2017Feeding systems such as grazing affect the fatty acid profile of bovine milk fat. In addition, milk fat is formed as the product of fatty acid metabolism in cow bodies... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Feeding systems such as grazing affect the fatty acid profile of bovine milk fat. In addition, milk fat is formed as the product of fatty acid metabolism in cow bodies before being secreted into milk. However, how grazing influences milk fatty acid profile through the metabolism has not been completely characterized. When fatty acid concentrations in Holstein milk were compared between grazing and non-grazing periods, α-linolenic acid was significantly higher in the grazing period than in the non-grazing period. This could be explained with an increase in α-linolenic acid feeding with grazing. α-linolenic acid had a linear positive correlation with conjugated linoleic acid (9c,11t-18:2) (CLA) and vaccenic acid (VA) during the grazing period, whereas CLA had higher correlation with linoleic acid rather than with α-linolenic acid during the non-grazing period. These data indicate that the high content of dietary α-linolenic acid affects CLA and VA formation in milk of grazing periods via α-linolenic acid metabolism into VA.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Herbivory; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Milk; Oleic Acids; Protein Isoforms; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 27878911
DOI: 10.1111/asj.12727 -
Lipids Apr 2013Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) exhibit characteristic polyunsaturated fatty acid abnormalities, including low linoleic acid and high arachidonic acid levels that are...
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) exhibit characteristic polyunsaturated fatty acid abnormalities, including low linoleic acid and high arachidonic acid levels that are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of this disease. Recent studies indicate that changes in fatty acid metabolism are responsible for these abnormalities. This study examines the role of fatty acid substrate concentrations in the development of these alterations in a cultured cell model of CF. By incubating cells with varying concentrations of exogenous fatty acids, it shows that increasing the concentration of substrates from the parallel n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid pathways (linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, respectively) not only increases formation of the products in that pathway, but also reduces metabolism in the parallel pathway. In particular, we demonstrate that high levels of linoleic acid and low levels of alpha-linolenic acid are required to observe the typical fatty acid alterations of cystic fibrosis. These results shed light on the mechanisms of fatty acid metabolic abnormalities in cystic fibrosis. They also have implications for the nutritional therapy of CF, highlighting the importance of specific fatty acid content, and in understanding the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 fatty acids.
Topics: Cell Line; Cystic Fibrosis; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 23440519
DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3768-4 -
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal... Apr 2014The effect of α-linolenic acid from a flaxseed (FLX)-enriched diet on plasma lipid and fatty acid metabolism and possible atherosclerosis risk factors was studied in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Conversion of α-linolenic acid to long-chain omega-3 fatty acid derivatives and alterations of HDL density subfractions and plasma lipids with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus).
The effect of α-linolenic acid from a flaxseed (FLX)-enriched diet on plasma lipid and fatty acid metabolism and possible atherosclerosis risk factors was studied in Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus). Twenty-four Monk parrots were randomly assigned to diets containing either 10% ground SUNs or 10% ground FLXs. Feed intake was calculated daily. Blood samples, body condition scores and body weights were obtained at -5 weeks, day 0, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 70. Plasma samples were analysed for total cholesterol, free cholesterol, triacylglycerols and lipoproteins. Phospholipid subfraction fatty acid profiles were determined. By day 70, the FLX group had significantly higher plasma phospholipid fatty acids including 18:3n-3 (α-linolenic acid), 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid). The sunflower group had significantly higher plasma phospholipid levels of 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid). By day 70, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) peak shifted resulting in significantly different HDL peak densities between the two experimental groups (1.097 g/ml FLX group and 1.095 g/ml SUN group, p = 0.028). The plasma fatty acid results indicate that Monk parrots can readily convert α-linolenic acid to the long-chain omega-3 derivatives including docosahexaenoic acid and reduce 20:4n-6 accumulation in plasma phospholipids. The reason for a shift in the HDL peak density is unknown at this time.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cholesterol, HDL; Diet; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Lipids; Parrots; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 23600588
DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12076 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Mar 2011
Topics: Adult; Diet; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Humans; Male; Publishing; Sex Characteristics; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 21191139
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.008169 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2020Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) is known to be highly atherogenic. Thus, decreasing the blood levels of Ox-LDL through dietary means is an important approach...
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) is known to be highly atherogenic. Thus, decreasing the blood levels of Ox-LDL through dietary means is an important approach to reduce cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals. In this randomized placebo-controlled human interventional trial, we aimed to evaluate whether leaf powder (PLP) ameliorates Ox-LDL and home blood pressure, along with its biological antioxidant potential. Healthy Japanese volunteers aged 30-60 years ( = 60) were randomized to PLP and placebo groups. The PLP group consumed PLP dried using a microwave under reduced pressure, and the placebo group consumed pectin fiber daily for 6 months. Home blood pressure, serum biochemical parameters, and fatty acid profiles of erythrocyte plasma membranes were analyzed. Plasma Ox-LDL levels significantly decreased in the PLP group but not in the placebo group. Mean changes in the biological antioxidant potential and alpha-linolenic acid levels in the erythrocyte plasma membrane were significantly increased in the PLP group than in the placebo group. In subjects with prehypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ³ 120 mmHg), the mean reduction in morning or nocturnal SBP was significantly greater in the PLP group than in the placebo group. Thus, PLP intake may be an effective intervention to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Dietary Supplements; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Erythrocyte Membrane; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Japan; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged; Perilla frutescens; Plant Leaves; Powders; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 32365849
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092099 -
Current Microbiology Feb 2002The production of linolenic acid in mycelial lipids reached 0.31 mg/ml of culture broth when Mortierella isabellina was cultivated in a medium consisting of 2%...
The production of linolenic acid in mycelial lipids reached 0.31 mg/ml of culture broth when Mortierella isabellina was cultivated in a medium consisting of 2% octadecanol, 1% yeast extract, and 25 mmol/L of Mg2+ at 23 degrees C for 5 days. Cultivation conditions were studied, and the results showed that (i) a suitable concentration of Mg2+ in the medium caused an increase in mycelial mass as well as linolenic acid production; (ii) when incubated at 23 degrees C, maximal linolenic acid productivity was reached, although a higher content of the acid in total fatty acids was found at the lower temperature; (iii) the effect of substrate concentration on linolenic acid yield showed that the latter increased with concentration of substrate, and maximal linolenic acid yield was obtained with concentrations of 2% octadecanol and 1% yeast extract.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fatty Alcohols; Mortierella; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 11815860
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-001-0031-7 -
BMC Complementary and Alternative... Sep 2014The current study was to evaluate the anti-thrombotic effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) which was isolated and purified from Jiaomu in vivo.
BACKGROUND
The current study was to evaluate the anti-thrombotic effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) which was isolated and purified from Jiaomu in vivo.
METHODS
The seeds were crushed and subsequently subjected to saponification, acid hydrolysis, gradient freezing, urea inclusion and complexation of silver nitrate to obtain the unsaturated fatty acids. The chemical characteristics of isolated ALA were validated by 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectrometry, and then the anti-thrombotic effect of ALA and its mixture with linoleic acid (1:1) were evaluated in the following experiments.
RESULTS
The alpha-linolenic acid was isolated and purified from Jiaomu through our newly established methods. ALA and its mixture with linoleic acid can prolong the hemorrhage and coagulation time as well as enhanced the survival rate of mice subjected to collagen-adrenaline induced thrombosis. In addition, the thrombosis on A-V bypass and platelet aggregation of rats will be reduced after treated with ALA or its mixture, and the expression level of Akt and PI3K protein decreased 26% and 31%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
We designed and optimized a very simple and high-yield procedure to isolate ALA and linoleic acid mixture from seeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim and demonstrated that such mixture can obtain a good anti-thrombotic effect through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling.
Topics: Animals; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Linoleic Acid; Male; Mice; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Platelet Aggregation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats; Seeds; Thrombosis; Zanthoxylum; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 25252789
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-348 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of pomegranate seed oil as a source of conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) (-9,-11,-13; punicic acid)...
Pomegranate Seed Oil as a Source of Conjugated Linolenic Acid (CLnA) Has No Effect on Atherosclerosis Development but Improves Lipid Profile and Affects the Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in apoE/LDLR Mice.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of pomegranate seed oil as a source of conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) (-9,-11,-13; punicic acid) compared to linolenic acid (LnA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (-9,-11) in apoE/LDLR mice. In the LONG experiment, 10-week old mice were fed for the 18 weeks. In the SHORT experiment, 18-week old mice were fed for the 10 weeks. Diets were supplied with seed oils equivalent to an amount of 0.5% of studied fatty acids. In the SHORT experiment, plasma TCh and LDL+VLDL cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in animals fed CLnA and CLA compared to the Control. The expression of in liver was four-fold increased in CLnA group in the SHORT experiment, and as a consequence the expression of its target gene was three-fold increased, whereas the liver's expression of and were decreased in CLnA mice only in the LONG experiment. Punicic acid and CLA isomers were determined in the adipose tissue and liver in animals receiving pomegranate seed oil. In both experiments, there were no effects on the area of atherosclerotic plaque in aortic roots. However, in the SHORT experiment, the area of atherosclerosis in the entire aorta in the CLA group compared to CLnA and LnA was significantly decreased. In conclusion, CLnA improved the lipid profile and affected the lipid metabolism gene expression, but did not have the impact on the development of atherosclerotic plaque in apoE/LDLR mice.
Topics: Mice; Animals; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Pomegranate; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Lipid Metabolism; Linolenic Acids; Atherosclerosis; Plant Oils; Apolipoproteins E; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated
PubMed: 36675252
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021737