-
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer worldwide. Tissue biopsy is currently employed for the diagnosis and molecular stratification of lung cancer. Liquid biopsy is a... (Review)
Review
Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer worldwide. Tissue biopsy is currently employed for the diagnosis and molecular stratification of lung cancer. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive approach to determine biomarkers from body fluids, such as blood, urine, sputum, and saliva. Tumor cells release cfDNA, ctDNA, exosomes, miRNAs, circRNAs, CTCs, and DNA methylated fragments, among others, which can be successfully used as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. Predictive biomarkers are well-established for managing lung cancer, and liquid biopsy options have emerged in the last few years. Currently, detecting EGFR p.(Tyr790Met) mutation in plasma samples from lung cancer patients has been used for predicting response and monitoring tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi)-treated patients with lung cancer. In addition, many efforts continue to bring more sensitive technologies to improve the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers for lung cancer. Moreover, liquid biopsy can dramatically decrease the turnaround time for laboratory reports, accelerating the beginning of treatment and improving the overall survival of lung cancer patients. Herein, we summarized all available and emerging approaches of liquid biopsy-techniques, molecules, and sample type-for lung cancer.
Topics: Humans; Early Detection of Cancer; Biomarkers, Tumor; Lung Neoplasms; Liquid Biopsy; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids
PubMed: 36768828
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032505 -
Molecular Cancer Jan 2023Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide and the leading cause of tumor-related mortality. Endoscopy and serological tumor marker testing are... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide and the leading cause of tumor-related mortality. Endoscopy and serological tumor marker testing are currently the main methods of GC screening, and treatment relies on surgical resection or chemotherapy. However, traditional examination and treatment methods are more harmful to patients and less sensitive and accurate. A minimally invasive method to respond to GC early screening, prognosis monitoring, treatment efficacy, and drug resistance situations is urgently needed. As a result, liquid biopsy techniques have received much attention in the clinical application of GC. The non-invasive liquid biopsy technique requires fewer samples, is reproducible, and can guide individualized patient treatment by monitoring patients' molecular-level changes in real-time. In this review, we introduced the clinical applications of circulating tumor cells, circulating free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, non-coding RNAs, exosomes, and proteins, which are the primary markers in liquid biopsy technology in GC. We also discuss the current limitations and future trends of liquid biopsy technology as applied to early clinical biopsy technology.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Liquid Biopsy; Biopsy; Prognosis; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; DNA, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 36627698
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01715-z -
Seminars in Cancer Biology Sep 2022Over the last decade, liquid biopsy has gained much attention as a powerful tool in personalized medicine, since it enables monitoring cancer evolution and follow-up of... (Review)
Review
Over the last decade, liquid biopsy has gained much attention as a powerful tool in personalized medicine, since it enables monitoring cancer evolution and follow-up of cancer patients in real time. Through minimally invasive procedures, liquid biopsy provides important information through the analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), and circulating tumor-derived material like circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating miRNAs (cfmiRNAs) and extracellular vehicles (EVs). CTCs and ctDNA analysis has already an important impact on the prognosis, detection of minimal residual disease (MRD), treatment selection and monitoring of cancer patients, while recent data show also its potential for early cancer diagnosis (Figure 1). Numerous clinical trials include now a liquid biopsy arm, and functional studies mainly based on CTC derived cell-lines and CTC derived explants (CDx) provide important insight on the metastatic process. The recent findings in the field of liquid biopsy and the benefits and main clinical applications of CTC and ctDNA analysis in solid tumors are summarized in this review.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Circulating Tumor DNA; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Prognosis
PubMed: 35331850
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.013 -
Journal of Experimental & Clinical... Mar 2022Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring of CRC depends largely on tissue biopsy.... (Review)
Review
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring of CRC depends largely on tissue biopsy. However, due to tumor heterogeneity and limitations such as invasiveness, high cost and limited applicability in longitudinal monitoring, liquid biopsy has gathered immense attention in CRC. Liquid biopsy has several advantages over tissue biopsy including ease of sampling, effective monitoring, and longitudinal assessment of treatment dynamics. Furthermore, the importance of liquid biopsy is signified by approval of several liquid biopsy assays by regulatory bodies indicating the powerful approach of liquid biopsy for comprehensive CRC screening, diagnostic and prognostics. Several liquid biopsy biomarkers such as novel components of the microbiome, non-coding RNAs, extracellular vesicles and circulating tumor DNA are extensively being researched for their role in CRC management. Majority of these components have shown promising results on their clinical application in CRC including early detection, observe tumor heterogeneity for treatment and response, prediction of metastases and relapse and detection of minimal residual disease. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide updated information on various novel liquid biopsy markers such as a) oral microbiota related bacterial network b) gut microbiome-associated serum metabolites c) PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), microRNA(miRNAs), Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and d) circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTC) for their role in disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment monitoring and their applicability for personalized management of CRC.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Disease Progression; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Prognosis
PubMed: 35292091
DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02318-0 -
Molecular Cancer Jul 2019Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to latent liver disease, late diagnosis, and nonresponse to... (Review)
Review
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to latent liver disease, late diagnosis, and nonresponse to systemic treatments, surgical resection and/or biopsy specimens are still generally considered as the gold standard by clinicians for clinical decision-making until now. Since the conventional tissue biopsy is invasive and contains small tissue samples, it is unable to represent tumor heterogeneity or monitor dynamic tumor progression. Therefore, it is imperative to find a new less invasive or noninvasive diagnostic strategy to detect HCC at an early stage and to monitor HCC recurrence. Over the past years, a new diagnostic concept known as "liquid biopsy" has emerged with substantial attention. Liquid biopsy is noninvasive and allows repeated analyses to monitor tumor recurrence, metastasis or treatment responses in real time. With the advanced development of new molecular techniques, HCC circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection have achieved interesting and encouraging results. In this review, we focus on the clinical applications of CTCs and ctDNA as key components of liquid biopsy in HCC patients.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Circulating Tumor DNA; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Prognosis; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 31269959
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1043-x -
British Journal of Cancer Nov 2023In recent years, liquid biopsy has emerged as an alternative method to diagnose and monitor tumors. Compared to classical tissue biopsy procedures, liquid biopsy... (Review)
Review
In recent years, liquid biopsy has emerged as an alternative method to diagnose and monitor tumors. Compared to classical tissue biopsy procedures, liquid biopsy facilitates the repetitive collection of diverse cellular and acellular analytes from various biofluids in a non/minimally invasive manner. This strategy is of greater significance for high-grade brain malignancies such as glioblastoma as the quantity and accessibility of tumors are limited, and there are collateral risks of compromised life quality coupled with surgical interventions. Currently, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are the most common biofluids used to collect circulating cells and biomolecules of tumor origin. These liquid biopsy analytes have created opportunities for real-time investigations of distinct genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics alterations associated with brain tumors. This review describes different classes of liquid biopsy biomarkers present in the biofluids of brain tumor patients. Moreover, an overview of the liquid biopsy applications, challenges, recent technological advances, and clinical trials in the brain have also been provided.
Topics: Humans; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Liquid Biopsy; Brain Neoplasms; Brain; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 37752289
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02446-0 -
Nature Cancer Mar 2020Techniques for analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to detect, characterize and monitor cancer have matured rapidly. An increasing body of clinical evidence is... (Review)
Review
Techniques for analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to detect, characterize and monitor cancer have matured rapidly. An increasing body of clinical evidence is demonstrating the capabilities of this technology as a diagnostic test. The full potential of ctDNA liquid biopsy in the diagnosis, characterization and management of solid and hematological malignancies will be uncovered through interventional clinical trials evaluating clinical utility. In this Review, we discuss the current landscape of ctDNA liquid-biopsy applications across the cancer continuum and highlight opportunities for clinical investigation.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Circulating Tumor DNA; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplasms
PubMed: 35122035
DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0043-5 -
Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy Apr 2020The global liquid biopsy industry is expected to exceed $US5 billion by 2023. One application of liquid biopsy technology is the diagnosis of disease using biomarkers... (Review)
Review
The global liquid biopsy industry is expected to exceed $US5 billion by 2023. One application of liquid biopsy technology is the diagnosis of disease using biomarkers found in blood, urine, stool, saliva, and other biological samples from patients. These biomarkers could be DNA, RNA, protein, or even a cell. More recently, the use of cell-free DNA from plasma is emerging as an important minimally invasive tool for clinical diagnosis. The development of technology has increased the diversity of its application. Here, we discuss how liquid biopsies have been used in the clinic, and how personalized medicine are likely to use liquid biopsies in the near future.
Topics: Biomarkers; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplasm, Residual; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 31919754
DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00444-8 -
Annals of Hepatology 2021Chronic liver diseases account for a considerable toll of incapacities, suffering, deaths, and resources of the nation's health systems. They can be prevented, treated... (Review)
Review
Chronic liver diseases account for a considerable toll of incapacities, suffering, deaths, and resources of the nation's health systems. They can be prevented, treated or even cured when the diagnosis is made on time. Traditional liver biopsy remains the gold standard to diagnose liver diseases, but it has several limitations. Liquid biopsy is emerging as a superior alternative to surgical biopsy given that it surpasses the limitations: it is more convenient, readily and repeatedly accessible, safe, cheap, and provides a more detailed molecular and cellular representation of the individual patient's disease. Progress in understanding the molecular and cellular bases of diseased tissues and organs that normally release cells and cellular components into the bloodstream is catapulting liquid biopsy as a source of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response, thus supporting the realization of the promises of precision medicine. The review aims to summarize the evidence of the usefulness of liquid biopsy in liver diseases, including the presence of different biomarkers as circulating epithelial cells, cell-free nucleic acids, specific species of DNA and RNA, and the content of extracellular vesicles.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Liver Diseases
PubMed: 32444248
DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.03.008 -
Molecular Cancer Feb 2023Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a major pathological type of kidney cancer and is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The unremarkable symptoms of early stages,... (Review)
Review
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a major pathological type of kidney cancer and is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The unremarkable symptoms of early stages, proneness to postoperative metastasis or recurrence, and low sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy pose a challenge for the diagnosis and treatment of RCC. Liquid biopsy is an emerging test that measures patient biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA/cell-free tumor DNA, cell-free RNA, exosomes, and tumor-derived metabolites and proteins. Owing to its non-invasiveness, liquid biopsy enables continuous and real-time collection of patient information for diagnosis, prognostic assessment, treatment monitoring, and response evaluation. Therefore, the selection of appropriate biomarkers for liquid biopsy is crucial for identifying high-risk patients, developing personalized therapeutic plans, and practicing precision medicine. In recent years, owing to the rapid development and iteration of extraction and analysis technologies, liquid biopsy has emerged as a low cost, high efficiency, and high accuracy clinical detection method. Here, we comprehensively review liquid biopsy components and their clinical applications over the past 5 years. Additionally, we discuss its limitations and predict its future prospects.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Liquid Biopsy; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; Kidney Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
PubMed: 36810071
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01745-7