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Biomarkers in Medicine Feb 2022Liquid biopsies have gained an increasing interest in the last years among medical and scientific communities. Indeed, the value of liquid effusions, while less invasive... (Review)
Review
Liquid biopsies have gained an increasing interest in the last years among medical and scientific communities. Indeed, the value of liquid effusions, while less invasive and more accurate techniques, has been markedly highlighted. Peripheral blood comprises the most often analyzed sample, but recent evidences have pointed out the huge importance of other bodily fluids, including pleural and peritoneal fluids, urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid in the detection and monitoring of different tumor types. In face to these advances, this review aims to provide an overview of the value of tumor-associated mutations, detectable in different effusions, and how they can be used in clinical practice, namely in prognosis assessment and early disease and minimal disease recurrence detection, and in predicting the treatment response or acquired-resistance development.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Body Fluids; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 35073730
DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0370 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2023The diagnosis and treatment of cancer presents a physical and mental burden to the patient, often involving diagnostic biopsies and surgeries or chemotherapeutic...
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer presents a physical and mental burden to the patient, often involving diagnostic biopsies and surgeries or chemotherapeutic approaches with severe side-effects. Advances which enable early detection of cancer and close monitoring of the disease course without invasive procedures, and which can underpin a tailored approach to treatment, can therefore make a big difference to the quality of life of patients. Liquid biopsies can be used to access tumor cells and tumor DNA circulating in the blood. Monitoring these species can provide a minimally invasive and repeatable means to detect cancer, or gain information about its response to treatment.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Biomarkers, Tumor; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Liquid Biopsy; Biopsy
PubMed: 38066040
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48501-x -
American Journal of Surgery Dec 2021
Topics: Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Mutation; Neoplasms; Surgical Oncology
PubMed: 34210398
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.05.011 -
American Society of Clinical Oncology... May 2018Liquid biopsy has been used extensively in solid malignancies to detect actionable driver mutations, to monitor treatment response, to detect recurrence, to identify... (Review)
Review
Liquid biopsy has been used extensively in solid malignancies to detect actionable driver mutations, to monitor treatment response, to detect recurrence, to identify resistance mechanisms, and to prognosticate outcome. Although many liquid biopsy sequencing platforms are being used, only five test kits have received government approval. We review representative literature on these government-approved liquid biopsy kits, which are primarily used to detect EGFR mutation in lung cancer and RAS ( KRAS, NRAS, BRAF) mutations in colorectal carcinoma. Another emerging use of single-gene liquid biopsy is to detect PIK3CA mutations and to understand resistance to hormonal blockade in breast and prostate cancers. The two most commonly used next-generation sequencing (NGS) liquid biopsy tests (Guardant 360, Guardant Health; FoundationACT, Foundation Medicine Inc.) are discussed. The ability and the applicability of NGS platform to detect tumor mutation burden are also addressed. Finally, the use of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to detect minimal residual disease may be the most important use of ctDNA in the setting of tumor heterogeneity. The ability to identify "shedders" and "nonshedders" of ctDNA may provide important insight into the clinicopathologic characteristics of the tumor and portend important prognostic significance regarding survival.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Genetic Variation; Genomics; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Mutation; Neoplasm, Residual; Neoplasms
PubMed: 30231331
DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_199765 -
Advances in Clinical Chemistry 2018Liquid biopsy refers to the molecular analysis in biological fluids of nucleic acids, subcellular structures, especially exosomes, and, in the context of cancer,... (Review)
Review
Liquid biopsy refers to the molecular analysis in biological fluids of nucleic acids, subcellular structures, especially exosomes, and, in the context of cancer, circulating tumor cells. In the last 10 years, there has been an intensive research in liquid biopsy to achieve a less invasive and more precise personalized medicine. Molecular assessment of these circulating biomarkers can complement or even surrogate tissue biopsy. Because of this research, liquid biopsy has been introduced in clinical practice, especially in oncology, prenatal screening, and transplantation. Here we review the biology, methodological approaches, and clinical applications of the main biomarkers involved in liquid biopsy.
Topics: Biomedical Research; DNA, Neoplasm; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Precision Medicine; RNA, Neoplasm
PubMed: 29304904
DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2017.10.003 -
Molecular Aspects of Medicine Apr 2020
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Circulating Tumor DNA; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
PubMed: 31883624
DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100839 -
Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers Apr 2019The use of circulating cell-free DNA for detection of cancer genetics has been studied extensively. Liquid biopsy often refers to the use of blood as a minimally... (Review)
Review
AIMS
The use of circulating cell-free DNA for detection of cancer genetics has been studied extensively. Liquid biopsy often refers to the use of blood as a minimally invasive source of body fluid for detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). However, urine collection, which is completely noninvasive, has been shown to also have great promise to serve as an alternate body fluid source for ctDNA. In this review article, we focus on the clinical utility of urine for genetic liquid biopsy of nonurological cancers.
CONCLUSION
Although still in early stages as compared with blood-based liquid biopsy, recent studies have demonstrated the value of urine-based liquid biopsies for: nonurological cancer screening; early detection; monitoring for recurrence and metastasis; and therapeutic efficacy. Overall, the completely noninvasive and patient-friendly nature of the urine-based biopsy warrants further development and offers a promising alternative to blood-based biopsies.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Body Fluids; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; Circulating Tumor DNA; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Mutation; Neoplasms; Urine
PubMed: 30986103
DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0189 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jun 2022Liquid biopsy has advantages over traditional biopsy, which cannot determine tumor dynamics. As a noninvasive and precise test, liquid biopsy detects biomarkers that... (Review)
Review
Liquid biopsy has advantages over traditional biopsy, which cannot determine tumor dynamics. As a noninvasive and precise test, liquid biopsy detects biomarkers that carry information on tumor progression and has undergone tremendous development in recent years. Exosome detection is one of the methods of liquid biopsy. Radiotherapy affects the release of exosomes and intercellular communication. Based on the properties, extractability, and detectability of exosomes, key exosomal cargoes after tumor radiotherapy can be used as biomarkers for tumor prognosis. Exosomes after tumor radiotherapy can be used for liquid biopsy. The main applications include (1) predicting radiotherapy efficacy, (2) predicting tumor prognosis, and (3) optimizing the regimen of tumor treatment. This review provides further research directions for liquid biopsy after tumor radiotherapy.
Topics: Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Communication; Exosomes; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplasms
PubMed: 35866392
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2707205 -
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery Aug 2019Traditional biopsies have numerous limitations in the developing era of precision medicine, with cancer treatment that relies on biomarkers to guide therapy. Tumor... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Traditional biopsies have numerous limitations in the developing era of precision medicine, with cancer treatment that relies on biomarkers to guide therapy. Tumor heterogeneity raises the potential for sampling error with the use of traditional biopsy of the primary tumor. Moreover, tumors continuously evolve as new clones arise in the natural course of the disease and under the pressure of treatment. Since traditional biopsy is invasive, it is neither feasible nor practical to perform serial biopsies to guide treatment in real time.
PURPOSE
The current manuscript will review the most commonly used types of liquid biopsy and how these apply to surgical patients in terms of diagnosis, prediction of outcome, and guiding therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
Liquid biopsy has the potential to overcome many of the limitations of traditional biopsy as a highly tailored, minimally invasive, and cost-effective method to screen and monitor response to treatment. However, many challenges still need to be overcome before liquid biopsy becomes a reliable and widely available option.
Topics: Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplasms; Patient Selection
PubMed: 31385024
DOI: 10.1007/s00423-019-01788-9 -
Oncology Research and Treatment 2017Cancer patients usually receive therapies according to their primary tumor's molecular traits. These characteristics may change during the molecular evolution of distant... (Review)
Review
Cancer patients usually receive therapies according to their primary tumor's molecular traits. These characteristics may change during the molecular evolution of distant metastases as the leading cause of cancer deaths. Primary tumor tissue, if accessible at all, does not always provide enough information to stratify individual patients to the most promising therapy. Re-analysis of metastatic lesions by needle biopsy is possible but invasive, and limited by the known intra-patient heterogeneity of individual lesions. These hurdles might be overcome by analyzing tumor cells or tumor cell products in blood samples (liquid biopsy), which in principle might reflect all subclones present at that specific time point and allow sequential monitoring of disease evolution. Liquid biopsies inform on circulating tumor cells as well as tumor-derived cell-free nucleic acids, exosomes and platelets. Here, we introduce the different approaches of blood-based liquid biopsies and discuss the clinical applications in oncology.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Blood Platelets; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; Circulating Tumor DNA; Forecasting; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Pathology, Molecular
PubMed: 28693023
DOI: 10.1159/000478018