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Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 1982Forty-two patients with pseudovitelliform macular degeneration (VMD) were studied. The macular lesions were yellow in color, appeared as a slight elevation at the level...
Forty-two patients with pseudovitelliform macular degeneration (VMD) were studied. The macular lesions were yellow in color, appeared as a slight elevation at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), were usually 1/4 to 1/2 disc diameter in size and often showed a round or oval shape. Progression occurred over many years, resulting in a circumscribed atrophic area in the RPE. The lesions in VMD were morphologically similar to those seen in Best's vitelliform dystrophy, but the electrooculogram was normal or slightly subnormal in all cases. The average Lp/Dt ratio in 71 eyes tested was 2.16. There were 31 women and 11 men with a median age of 51 years at initial presentation. Family studies did not reveal other affected members. Long-term follow-up (five years or longer) in ten cases showed that useful vision is retained in at least one eye.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Electrooculography; Electroretinography; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Follow-Up Studies; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Male; Middle Aged; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 6101126
DOI: No ID Found -
Postgraduate Medicine May 1998Age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of legal blindness in people over age 60 worldwide, represents a public health crisis that deserves the attention and... (Review)
Review
Age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of legal blindness in people over age 60 worldwide, represents a public health crisis that deserves the attention and understanding of all physicians. The dry form of the disease is more common than the wet, but the wet form causes the most severe vision loss. Other than vision aids (e.g., glasses, magnifiers), no treatments or preventive measures are currently available for patients with dry macular degeneration, and laser photocoagulation with fluorescein angiography is the only clinically proven therapy for neovascular disease. Indocyanine green angiography is a promising new imaging tool that may improve detection of patients likely to benefit from laser therapy. Until better diagnostic and treatment options are available, early screening and patient education offer the best hope for reducing the widespread devastation caused by this disease.
Topics: Coloring Agents; Fluorescein Angiography; Global Health; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Laser Coagulation; Macular Degeneration; Risk Factors; Vision Screening
PubMed: 9590992
DOI: 10.3810/pgm.1998.05.480 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Sep 2008
Topics: Choroid; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Peripheral Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 18724980
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.017 -
Seminars in Pediatric Neurology May 2017In this article, we review the following 3 common juvenile macular degenerations: Stargardt disease, X-linked retinoschisis, and Best vitelliform macular dystrophy.... (Review)
Review
In this article, we review the following 3 common juvenile macular degenerations: Stargardt disease, X-linked retinoschisis, and Best vitelliform macular dystrophy. These are inherited disorders that typically present during childhood, when vision is still developing. They are sufficiently common that they should be included in the differential diagnosis of visual loss in pediatric patients. Diagnosis is secured by a combination of clinical findings, optical coherence tomography imaging, and genetic testing. Early diagnosis promotes optimal management. Although there is currently no definitive cure for these conditions, therapeutic modalities under investigation include pharmacologic treatment, gene therapy, and stem cell transplantation.
Topics: Child; Humans; Macula Lutea; Macular Degeneration; Retinoschisis; Stargardt Disease; Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy
PubMed: 28941524
DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2017.05.005 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Dec 2020Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the elderly, and the exact pathogenesis of the AMD remains unclear. The purpose of...
PURPOSE
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the elderly, and the exact pathogenesis of the AMD remains unclear. The purpose of this review is to summarize potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways of AMD that might facilitate risk predictions and clinical diagnoses of AMD.
METHODS
We obtained relevant publications of metabolomics studies of human beings by systematically searching the MEDLINE (PubMed) database before June 2020. Studies were included if they performed mass spectrometry-based or nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics approach for humans. In addition, AMD was assessed from fundus photographs based on standardized protocols. The metabolic pathway analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 3.0.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were included in this review. Repeatedly identified metabolites including phenylalanine, adenosine, hypoxanthine, tyrosine, creatine, citrate, carnitine, proline, and maltose have the possibility of being biomarkers of AMD. Validation of the biomarker panels was observed in one study. Dysregulation of metabolic pathways involves lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and translation, which might play important roles in the development and progression of AMD.
CONCLUSIONS
This review summarizes the potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways related to AMD, providing opportunities for the construction of diagnostic or predictive models for AMD and the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolomics; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33315052
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.14.13 -
Seminars in Ophthalmology 2002Both cataract and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) are common findings in our aging population. At issue is the progression of ARMD following cataract extraction.... (Review)
Review
Both cataract and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) are common findings in our aging population. At issue is the progression of ARMD following cataract extraction. The purpose of this paper is to review the data relevant to this subject and to offer suggestions as to the management of cataract associated with macular degeneration. Published data are reviewed and an attempt is made to interpret the results. Topics discussed include the epidemiology and association between the incidence of cataract and ARMD, the role of photo-oxidative damage and inflammation in the pathogenesis of ARMD, and the possible contribution of cataract extraction to the exacerbation and acceleration of ARMD through increased photo-oxidative damage and intraocular inflammation. Recommendations for the cataract surgeon and specialist are formulated on the basis of existing literature.
Topics: Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Disease Progression; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Risk Factors
PubMed: 12759849
DOI: 10.1076/soph.17.3.187.14785 -
Ophthalmology. Retina Oct 2022Age-related macular degeneration is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide after cataracts and glaucoma. We described our recent surgical experience in managing...
Age-related macular degeneration is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide after cataracts and glaucoma. We described our recent surgical experience in managing the smaller-incision, new-generation, implantable, miniature telescope that has been designed to enlarge retinal images of the central visual field implanted monocularly in the capsular bag after lens extraction.
Topics: Cataract Extraction; Humans; Lenses, Intraocular; Macular Degeneration; Telescopes
PubMed: 35605958
DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.05.017 -
Survey of Ophthalmology 2009Fundus autofluorescence imaging is an imaging method that provides additional information compared to conventional imaging techniques. It permits to topographically map... (Review)
Review
Fundus autofluorescence imaging is an imaging method that provides additional information compared to conventional imaging techniques. It permits to topographically map lipofuscin distribution of the retinal pigment epithelial cell monolayer. Excessive accumulation of lipofuscin granules in the lysosomal compartment of retinal pigment epithelium cells represents a common downstream pathogenetic pathway in various hereditary and complex retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This comprehensive review contains an introduction in fundus autofluorescence imaging, including basic considerations, the origin of the signal, different imaging methods, and a brief overview of fundus autofluorescence findings in normal subjects. Furthermore, it summarizes cross-sectional and longitudinal fundus autofluorescence findings in patients with AMD, addresses the pathophysiological significance of increased fundus autofluorescence, and characterizes different fundus autofluorescence phenotypes as well as fundus autofluorescence alterations with disease progression.
Topics: Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Disease Progression; Fluorescein Angiography; Fluorescence; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Lipofuscin; Macular Degeneration; Retinal Pigment Epithelium
PubMed: 19171212
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.10.004 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Jun 2006
Review
Topics: Fluorescence; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Lipofuscin; Macular Degeneration
PubMed: 16723433
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.05-1482 -
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets Jun 2009Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the Western world. Many changes occur in various areas of the eye as it ages. These include... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the Western world. Many changes occur in various areas of the eye as it ages. These include choroidal thinning, thickening of Bruch's membrane and drusen formation. Each of these is associated with the onset of AMD.
METHODS
Recent findings on how those changes contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD with a focus on inflammation are examined.
RESULTS
There is evidence suggesting that all changes identified so far as being involved in the pathogenesis of AMD are not able to cause AMD alone. Instead, susceptibility genes, and in particular a coding variant of a gene on chromosome 1 result in dysfunction of the immune system. This leads to an inappropriate inflammatory response, which then sets the stage for AMD onset.
CONCLUSIONS
It is now well-known that AMD is a multi-factorial disease, with environmental causes and genetics all playing a role.
Topics: Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Inflammation; Macular Degeneration
PubMed: 19456269
DOI: 10.1517/14728220902942322