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BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Mar 2003
Review
Topics: Aged; Forecasting; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 12609947
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.326.7387.485 -
Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.) 2001Macular degeneration, a chronic, progressive eye disease, is the leading cause of blindness in older Americans. As the aging segment of society grows, the number of... (Review)
Review
Macular degeneration, a chronic, progressive eye disease, is the leading cause of blindness in older Americans. As the aging segment of society grows, the number of seniors diagnosed with macular degeneration will increase. Caring for individuals with this disease is a task that will be increasingly allotted to nurses. This article presents information on the disease process, risk factors, medical therapies, and nursing implications involved in caring for individuals with this condition. When nurses gain a thorough understanding of macular degeneration and the implications of living with this disease, quality care can be provided to an expanding segment of society.
Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Nurse-Patient Relations; Photochemotherapy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 11326218
DOI: 10.1067/mgn.2001.115206 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Jan 2004Age-related macula degeneration is the most common cause of visual disability in the industrialised world. The disease can be diagnosed as a maculopathy in 10-20% of the... (Review)
Review
Age-related macula degeneration is the most common cause of visual disability in the industrialised world. The disease can be diagnosed as a maculopathy in 10-20% of the population over the age of 65. About 25% of these will have degeneration with reduced vision. Today, only a small proportion of patients with the aggressive wet form of the disease can be offered any therapy in the form of laser or photodynamic laser treatment. Worldwide epidemiological investigations designed to define contributing factors have so far not been conclusive, but the use of antioxidants and trace metals may be a useful prophylactic measure. Research into antiangiogenic therapy may also result in useful tools for ophthalmologists caring for this group of patients.
Topics: Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 14716396
DOI: No ID Found -
Seminars in Ophthalmology 2018Age-related macular cegeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual dysfunction worldwide, affecting 9-25% of individuals between 65 and 75 years old. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Age-related macular cegeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual dysfunction worldwide, affecting 9-25% of individuals between 65 and 75 years old.
METHODS
We have reviewed the published articles investigating the role of multifocal electroretinogram (mf-ERG) in the diagnosis and treatment of AMD.
RESULTS
Visual evoked potentials have revealed decreased amplitudes and higher latencies in patients with AMD, while the degeneration of photoreceptors and abnormalities of retinal pigment epithelium can be identified by electro-oculogram recordings. Moreover, ERG can detect the functional abnormalities observed in AMD and evaluate each therapeutic approach. The record of local electrophysiological responses coming from different retinal areas can be accurately performed by mfERG.
CONCLUSION
The accuracy of mfERG in detecting the degeneration of photoreceptors, as well the disturbances of macular function, could be useful both in the early diagnosis of AMD and the assessment of treatment efficacy.
Topics: Disease Management; Electroretinography; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 28328288
DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2017.1301496 -
Optometry and Vision Science : Official... Aug 2014Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide in the elderly population. Optometrists, as primary eye health care providers,... (Review)
Review
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide in the elderly population. Optometrists, as primary eye health care providers, require the skills and knowledge to accurately diagnose and manage AMD patients. There is an overwhelming body of research related to the clinical presentation, etiology, epidemiology, and pathology of this disease. Additionally, the evolution of new imaging modalities creates new opportunities to clinically detect and analyze previously uncharacterized and earlier changes in the retina. The challenge for optometrists is to combine all this information into an applicable knowledge base for use in everyday clinical assessment of AMD so that timely and accurate referrals can be made to retinal specialists. This review attempts to address this issue by linking the clinical presentation of AMD with the underlying disease biology. We emphasize the contribution of recent noninvasive imaging technologies to the clinical assessment of early and more advanced AMD including optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, and infrared reflectance.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Geographic Atrophy; Humans; Retinal Drusen; Wet Macular Degeneration
PubMed: 24879089
DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000281 -
La Revue Du Praticien Jun 2006Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the commonest overall cause of irreversible blindness in patients aged 50 or over in the western world. It is a spectrum of... (Review)
Review
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the commonest overall cause of irreversible blindness in patients aged 50 or over in the western world. It is a spectrum of related diseases that have in common the progressive decline of vision as a consequence of dysfunction of the central retina and its underlying supporting elements, principally the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid in older adults. The disease has been traditionally classified into early and late stages with its dry and wet forms. Patients with age-related maculopathy should consider taking a dietary supplement such as that used in AREDS. There is no effective treatment for geographic atrophy. The exudative AMD is approached depending on the type and localisation of choroidal new vessels. Laser photocoagulation has only been shown to be beneficial for extra and juxtafoveal well defined lesions. PDT with verteporfin is effective in the management of patients with subfoveal predominantly classic lesions. A variety of molecules such as bevacizumab, pegaptanib sodium and ranibizumab, specifically targeted to different pathologic pathways in AMD, have been identified to their therapeutic potential. Research is actively being pursued in preclinical models both in academic laboratories and in the pharmaceutical industry, including multiple early stage clinical trials. There is no strong evidence to support benefits of submacular surgery in the management of neovascular AMD.
Topics: Humans; Macular Degeneration; Risk Factors
PubMed: 16903520
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Genetics Aug 2013Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of central vision impairment in persons over the age of 50 years in developed countries. Both genetic and... (Review)
Review
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of central vision impairment in persons over the age of 50 years in developed countries. Both genetic and non-genetic (environmental) factors play major roles in AMD etiology, and multiple gene variants and lifestyle factors such as smoking have been associated with the disease. While dissecting the basic etiology of the disease remains a major challenge, current genetic knowledge has provided opportunities for improved risk assessment, molecular diagnosis and clinical testing of genetic variants in AMD treatment and management. This review addresses the potential of translating the wealth of genetic findings for improved risk prediction and therapeutic intervention in AMD patients. Finally, we discuss the recent advancement in genetics and genomics and the future prospective of personalized medicine in AMD patients.
Topics: Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Pharmacogenetics; Prognosis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 23713713
DOI: 10.1111/cge.12206 -
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents Oct 2019: Macular degeneration (MD) and macular edema (ME) are ophthalmologic diseases affecting an increasing number of the aging population. Until recently, there were few... (Review)
Review
: Macular degeneration (MD) and macular edema (ME) are ophthalmologic diseases affecting an increasing number of the aging population. Until recently, there were few therapeutic options for both conditions but the last two decades saw important advances. : This review summarizes the agents used for the treatment of age-related MD (AMD), which include verteporfin, for photodynamic therapy, and anti-VEGF agents, the aptamer pegaptanib, the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) ranibizumab (Lucentis®) and bevacizumab (Avastin®) and the fusion protein aflibercept (Eylea®). All these drugs are effective only for the wet form of AMD, whereas for the dry form there is no treatment available. ME is, on the other hand, treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors. Recently, MAbs such as ranibizumab and bevacizumab were also shown to be effective for the management of the cystoid and diabetic ME. : There are important advances made in the field in the last years but longer-acting anti-VEGF agents or drugs with less ocular side effects are needed. Many such agents are in clinical development.
Topics: Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Drug Development; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Macular Edema; Patents as Topic; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 31540558
DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1671353 -
Journal of Cataract and Refractive... Jul 1988Age-related macular degeneration is a major cause of vision loss in older individuals. The clinical picture and pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration is... (Review)
Review
Age-related macular degeneration is a major cause of vision loss in older individuals. The clinical picture and pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration is reviewed. Present treatment modalities for subretinal vascularization in exudative-type macular degeneration and their limitations are discussed. The role of low-vision aids in providing magnification for reading vision is described. The role of intraocular lens implantation is discussed, as well as the newly developed intraocular lens which, with the addition of a plus-lens, functions as a Galilean telescope to provide magnification for near vision.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Lenses; Lenses, Intraocular; Macula Lutea; Macular Degeneration; Optics and Photonics; Pigment Epithelium of Eye
PubMed: 3042954
DOI: 10.1016/s0886-3350(88)80152-4 -
The Nursing Clinics of North America Sep 1992With the "graying of America," the patient population at risk for developing ARMD will continue to grow. As researchers continue to study the cause, pathologic changes,... (Review)
Review
With the "graying of America," the patient population at risk for developing ARMD will continue to grow. As researchers continue to study the cause, pathologic changes, and risk factors associated with the development of this disease, preventive measures and improved treatment options will become available. The education of ARMD patients in the recognition of signs of the disease for early treatment, treatment options, and the availability of resources is essential for the nurse caring for this population. Adjustment to visual loss will be an ongoing process, during which the nurse can be a source of support, guidance, and encouragement, as patients assimilate newly acquired behaviors and roles into their self-image.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Laser Therapy; Macula Lutea; Macular Degeneration; Male; Nursing Diagnosis; Retina
PubMed: 1508745
DOI: No ID Found