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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 2011
Topics: Adult; China; Humans; Madurella; Male; Mycetoma; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 21464273
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02425-10 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 2015Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of eumycetoma may vary significantly depending on the causative agent. To date, the most common fungus causing mycetoma worldwide is... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of eumycetoma may vary significantly depending on the causative agent. To date, the most common fungus causing mycetoma worldwide is Madurella mycetomatis. This species fails to express any recognizable morphological characteristics, and reliable identification can therefore only be achieved with the application of molecular techniques. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) are proposed as alternatives to phenotypic methods. Species-specific primers were developed to target the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of M. mycetomatis. Both isothermal amplification techniques showed high specificity and sufficient sensitivity to amplify fungal DNA and proved to be appropriate for detection of M. mycetomatis. Diagnostic performance of the techniques was assessed in comparison to conventional PCR using biopsy specimens from eumycetoma patients. RPA is reliable and easy to operate and has the potential to be implemented in areas where mycetoma is endemic. The techniques may be expanded to detect fungal DNA from environmental samples.
Topics: DNA Primers; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Humans; Madurella; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Mycetoma; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 26246484
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01544-15 -
Transactions of the Royal Society of... 1998
Topics: Adult; Cysts; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycetoma; Soft Tissue Infections; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 9692156
DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(98)90957-9 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Jan 2016Mycetoma can be caused by bacteria (actinomycetoma) or fungi (eumycetoma) and typically affects poor communities in remote areas. It is an infection of subcutaneous... (Review)
Review
Mycetoma can be caused by bacteria (actinomycetoma) or fungi (eumycetoma) and typically affects poor communities in remote areas. It is an infection of subcutaneous tissues resulting in mass and sinus formation and a discharge that contains grains. The lesion is usually on the foot but all parts of the body can be affected. The causative microorganisms probably enter the body by a thorn prick or other lesions of the skin. Mycetoma has a worldwide distribution but is restricted to specific climate zones. Microbiological diagnosis and characterisation of the exact organism causing mycetoma is difficult; no reliable serological test exists but molecular techniques to identify relevant antigens have shown promise. Actinomycetoma is treated with courses of antibiotics, which usually include co-trimoxazole and amikacin. Eumycetoma has no acceptable treatment at present; antifungals such as ketoconazole and itraconazole have been used but are unable to eradicate the fungus, need to be given for long periods, and are expensive. Amputations and recurrences in patients with eumycetoma are common.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Humans; Madurella; Mycetoma; Neglected Diseases
PubMed: 26738840
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00359-X -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2013We report a case of eumycetoma by Madurella mycetomatis on the buttocks and thighs in an adult immunocompetent patient, diagnosed after 30 years of clinical development....
We report a case of eumycetoma by Madurella mycetomatis on the buttocks and thighs in an adult immunocompetent patient, diagnosed after 30 years of clinical development. He was treated over four years with fluconazol and itraconazol associated with five times surgical excisions of subcutaneous nodules. At the eighth year of follow-up, one nodule recurred on the right infragluteal region, which was excised surgically and has remained asymptomatic ever since.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Biopsy; Disease Progression; Fluconazole; Humans; Immunocompetence; Itraconazole; Madurella; Male; Middle Aged; Mycetoma; Recurrence; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24346887
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132136 -
International Journal of Surgical... Aug 2015
Topics: Adult; Foot Diseases; Foot Injuries; Humans; Madurella; Male; Mycetoma; Wounds, Gunshot
PubMed: 25911568
DOI: 10.1177/1066896915583395 -
Skinmed 2012
Topics: Biopsy; Female; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Madurella; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Mycetoma
PubMed: 22779102
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 1999Madurella mycetomatis is the commonest cause of eumycetoma in Sudan and other countries in tropical Africa. Currently, the early diagnosis of mycetoma is difficult. In...
Madurella mycetomatis is the commonest cause of eumycetoma in Sudan and other countries in tropical Africa. Currently, the early diagnosis of mycetoma is difficult. In attempting to improve the identification of M. mycetomatis and, consequently, the diagnosis of mycetoma, we have developed specific oligonucleotide primers based on the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions spacing the genes encoding the fungal ribosomal RNAs. The ITS regions were amplified with universal primers and sequenced, and then two sets of species-specific primers were designed which specifically amplify parts of the ITS and the 5.8S ribosomal DNA gene. The new primers were tested for specificity with DNA isolated from human mycetoma lesions and DNA extracted from cultures of M. mycetomatis reference strains and related fungi as well as human DNA. To study the genetic variability of the ITS regions of M. mycetomatis, ITS amplicons were obtained from 25 different clinical isolates and subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with CfoI, HaeIII, MspI, Sau3AI, RsaI, and SpeI restriction enzymes. RFLP analysis of the ITS region did not reveal even a single difference, indicating the homogeneity of the isolates analyzed during the current study.
Topics: Humans; Madurella; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Species Specificity
PubMed: 10488173
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.10.3175-3178.1999 -
Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia Mar 1997The aim of this work was to standardize metabolic and cytoplasmic Madurella mycetomatis antigen to be applied in the immunodiagnosis of mycetoma. Growth curves were...
The aim of this work was to standardize metabolic and cytoplasmic Madurella mycetomatis antigen to be applied in the immunodiagnosis of mycetoma. Growth curves were established growing the mold in two broth media with weekly measures of protein and carbohydrate levels and of dry weight. Sera from immunized rabbits and patient's sera were used in immunoprecipitation to test the antigens. Three weeks old shaken cultures in Sabouraud broth at 37 degrees C were established as the optimal conditions to prepare cytoplasmic and metabolic antigens. Nevertheless, exoantigens were produced since the first week. Metabolic and cytoplasmic antigens presented cross reaction and by immunoblotting they shared 33, 56 and 125 kDa molecular weight proteins. Preparation and use of the metabolic antigens is recommended for the immunodiagnosis of mycetoma when using the counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique.
PubMed: 15482023
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2005One of the causative organisms of mycetoma is the fungus Madurella mycetomatis. Previously, extensive molecular typing studies identified Sudanese isolates of this...
Genotyping of Madurella mycetomatis by selective amplification of restriction fragments (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and subtype correlation with geographical origin and lesion size.
One of the causative organisms of mycetoma is the fungus Madurella mycetomatis. Previously, extensive molecular typing studies identified Sudanese isolates of this fungus as clonal, but polymorphic genetic markers have not yet been identified. Here, we report on the selective amplification of restriction fragment (AFLP) analysis of 37 Sudanese clinical isolates of M. mycetomatis. Of 93 AFLP fragments generated, 25 were polymorphic, and 12 of these 25 polymorphic fragments were found in a large fraction of the strains. Comparative analysis resulted into a tree, composed of two main (clusters I and II) and one minor cluster (cluster III). Seventy-five percent of the strains found in cluster I originated from central Sudan, while the origin of the strains in cluster II was more heterogeneous. Furthermore, the strains found in cluster I were generally obtained from lesions larger than those from which the strains found in cluster II were obtained (chi-square test for trend, P = 0.03). Among the 12 more commonly found polymorphisms, 4 showed sequence homology with known genes. Marker A7 was homologous to an endo-1,4-beta-glucanase from Aspergillus oryzae, 97% identical markers A12 and B3 matched a hypothetical protein from Gibberella zeae, and marker B4 was homologous to casein kinase I from Danio rerio. The last marker seemed to be associated with strains originating from central Sudan (P = 0.001). This is the first report on a genotypic study where genetic markers which may be used to study pathogenicity in M. mycetomatis were obtained.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Genetic Markers; Genotype; Humans; Madurella; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Sequence Data; Mycetoma; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 16145076
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.9.4349-4356.2005