-
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Feb 2022Magnusiomyces clavatus and Magnusiomyces capitatus are emerging yeasts with intrinsic resistance to many commonly used antifungal agents. Identification is difficult,...
Magnusiomyces clavatus and Magnusiomyces capitatus are emerging yeasts with intrinsic resistance to many commonly used antifungal agents. Identification is difficult, and determination of susceptibility patterns with commercial and reference methods is equally challenging. For this reason, few data on invasive infections by spp. are available. Our objectives were to determine the epidemiology and susceptibility of isolates from bloodstream infections (BSI) isolated in Germany and Austria from 2001 to 2020. In seven institutions, a total of 34 BSI were identified. Identification was done by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antifungal susceptibility was determined by EUCAST broth microdilution and gradient tests. Of the 34 isolates, was more common ( = 24) than ( = 10). BSI by spp. were more common in men (62%) and mostly occurred in patients with hemato-oncological malignancies (79%). The highest antifungal activity against / was observed for voriconazole (MIC, 0.03/0.125 mg/L), followed by posaconazole (MIC, 0.125/0.25 mg/L). isolates showed overall lower MICs than . With the exception of amphotericin B, low essential agreement between gradient test and microdilution was recorded for all antifungals (0 to 70%). Both species showed distinct morphologic traits on ChromAgar Orientation medium and Columbia blood agar, which can be used for differentiation if no MALDI-TOF MS or molecular identification is available. In conclusion, most BSI were caused by The lowest MICs were recorded for voriconazole. Gradient tests demonstrated unacceptably low agreement and should preferably not be used for susceptibility testing of spp.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Saccharomycetales; Sepsis
PubMed: 34930027
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01834-21 -
Mycopathologia Oct 2023Magnusiomyces capitatus is a dimorphic yeast commonly isolated from the environment and was uncommonly reported as a disease in Asia. It may cause invasive infection in...
Magnusiomyces capitatus is a dimorphic yeast commonly isolated from the environment and was uncommonly reported as a disease in Asia. It may cause invasive infection in patients with hematological malignancies, especially those with neutropenia, and resulting in high mortality. Herein, we reported a man with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma suffered from intermittent fever after pulmonary nodules resection. The histopathology showed yeast-like fungal elements. For further identification, we extracted the tissue DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and M. capitatus was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of the ITS region of ribosomal DNA. After a 4-week amphotericin B and flucytosine treatment, his condition recovered well and then was followed by a 3-month oral fluconazole treatment. There was no evidence of recurrence within one year. Our case highlights that nucleic acids obtained from formalin-fixed tissue could be a feasible identification method, especially in those whose culture results are unavailable.
PubMed: 37658941
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00786-2 -
Digital Journal of Ophthalmology : DJO 2017We describe our experience managing a case of fungal keratitis in a 71-year-old immunocompetent woman. Intracameral cultures isolated , a dimorphic commensal microbe...
We describe our experience managing a case of fungal keratitis in a 71-year-old immunocompetent woman. Intracameral cultures isolated , a dimorphic commensal microbe with limited pathogenicity, in an immune competent patient. Repeated corneal cultures for bacteria and fungus were negative. Initial broad-spectrum topical fortified antibiotics were eventually escalated to include topical natamycin and voriconazole and oral voriconazole. The patient underwent emergent corneal transplantation, but recurrent infection eventually required anterior chamber washout and intracameral injection of amphotericin B. A combination of topical, systemic, intracameral administration of voriconazole, intracameral administration of amphotericin B, anterior chamber washout, and penetrating keratoplasty were required to clear the infection.
Topics: Aged; Antifungal Agents; Dipodascus; Eye Infections, Fungal; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Keratitis
PubMed: 29162991
DOI: 10.5693/djo.02.2017.04.001 -
Mycology 2022is an emerging opportunistic yeast, thus far mainly reported from the Western world where fungemia is the most frequent presentation in immunocompromised patients with...
is an emerging opportunistic yeast, thus far mainly reported from the Western world where fungemia is the most frequent presentation in immunocompromised patients with high mortality. We described a rare case of infection from our hospital in China and reviewed six further cases published to date in Chinese literature. It is noted that half more of the cases (4/7) presented with fungemia in younger, immunosuppressed patients, whereas the remaining cases were with pneumonia in elderly, immunocompetent patients. All seven Chinese cases had favourable outcome with antifungal therapy. Based on the limited in vitro and clinical data, a combination of amphotericin B either with 5-fluorocytosine or voriconazole for fungemia in immunocompromised patients, and although fluconazole is not recommended as first-line therapy in the guideline, in our study, fluconazole alone or with 5-fluorocytosine for local pulmonary infection in immunocompetent patients is effective with good outcome.
PubMed: 35186415
DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.2000059 -
Journal of Investigative Medicine High... 2018is a rare cause of fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, mainly seen in hematological malignancies. infections are extremely rare in immunocompetent...
is a rare cause of fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, mainly seen in hematological malignancies. infections are extremely rare in immunocompetent patients, as it is part of normal human microbial flora. We are presenting an extremely rare case of peritonitis in an otherwise immunocompetent patient who suffered from gastrointestinal leakage due to pancreatitis. Fungal identification was performed at reference laboratory by phenotypic characteristics and DNA sequencing of target internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene and the D1-D2 domain of the large-subunit rRNA gene and susceptibility testing by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (document M27-S4) broth dilution method. He was successfully treated with a combination of surgical repair and voriconazole single therapy.
PubMed: 30151397
DOI: 10.1177/2324709618795268 -
Current Genetics Apr 2019The yeast Magnusiomyces capitatus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing rare yet severe infections, especially in patients with hematological malignancies. Here, we...
The yeast Magnusiomyces capitatus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing rare yet severe infections, especially in patients with hematological malignancies. Here, we report the 20.2 megabase genome sequence of an environmental strain of this species as well as the genome sequences of eight additional isolates from human and animal sources providing an insight into intraspecies variation. The distribution of single-nucleotide variants is indicative of genetic recombination events, supporting evidence for sexual reproduction in this heterothallic yeast. Using RNAseq-aided annotation, we identified genes for 6518 proteins including several expanded families such as kexin proteases and Hsp70 molecular chaperones. Several of these families are potentially associated with the ability of M. capitatus to infect and colonize humans. For the purpose of comparative analysis, we also determined the genome sequence of a closely related yeast, Magnusiomyces ingens. The genome sequences of M. capitatus and M. ingens exhibit many distinct features and represent a basis for further comparative and functional studies.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Computational Biology; Genome, Fungal; Genomics; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Multigene Family; Mycoses; Opportunistic Infections; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Recombination, Genetic; Saccharomycetales; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30456648
DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0904-y -
Medical Mycology Case Reports Jun 2017(previously known as or or ) is a rare cause of fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. Most of these cases (87%) have been reported from the Mediterranean...
(previously known as or or ) is a rare cause of fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. Most of these cases (87%) have been reported from the Mediterranean region, as it is extremely rare to recognize it in other regions. Here we report a first case of disseminated infection in Slovakia. The patient - 19 year old woman with myelodysplastic syndrome was diagnosed with fungemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The infection occurred despite antifungal prophylaxis with micafungin, which was sensitive to the yeast. The treatment according to minimal inhibitory concentrations (micafungin, voriconazol) and granulocyte transfusions were administered. was cleared out from the bloodstream. However, patient died of multiple organ failure. Autopsy showed multiple lesions in organs, but did not prove presence of yeast by histopathology. was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction from all tested organs: heart, brain, lungs, spleen, liver and kidneys. We present the post mortem pictures showing the yeast lesions in affected organs. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PubMed: 28409093
DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2017.03.004 -
Medical Mycology Case Reports Sep 2019Two cases of fungemia caused by an arthroconidial yeast-like fungus, in non-hematologic immunocompromised patients are described. Both patients died before definite...
Two cases of fungemia caused by an arthroconidial yeast-like fungus, in non-hematologic immunocompromised patients are described. Both patients died before definite diagnosis of was made. The report highlights that pending confirmation of the isolate by phenotypic and/or molecular methods, the characteristic morphologic features observed in Gram-stained smears of blood culture positive bottles can lead to early preliminary diagnosis, thus significantly reducing time required for initiating appropriate antifungal therapy.
PubMed: 31388480
DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2019.07.009 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Magnusiomyces capitatus (also denominated “Geotrichum capitatum” and “the teleomorph stage of Saprochaete capitata”) mainly affects immunocompromised patients...
Magnusiomyces capitatus (also denominated “Geotrichum capitatum” and “the teleomorph stage of Saprochaete capitata”) mainly affects immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies in rare cases of invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Few cases have been reported for pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in part because conventional diagnostic methods do not consistently detect M. capitatus in infections. The current contribution describes a systemic infection in a 15-year-old female diagnosed with ALL. She arrived at the Children’s Hospital of Mexico City with a fever and neutropenia and developed symptoms of septic shock 4 days later. M. capitatus ENCB-HI-834, the causal agent, was isolated from the patient’s blood, urine, bile, and peritoneal fluid samples. It was identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and a phylogenetic reconstruction using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S ribosomal sequences. The phylogenetic sequence of M. capitatus ENCB-HI-834 clustered with other M. capitatus-type strains with a 100% identity. In vitro antifungal testing, conducted with the Sensititre YeastOne susceptibility system, found the following minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (μg/mL): posaconazole 0.25, amphotericin B 1.0, fluconazole > 8.0, itraconazole 0.25, ketoconazole 0.5, 5-flucytosine ≤ 0.06, voriconazole 0.25, and caspofungin > 16.0. No clinical breakpoints have been defined for M. capitatus. This is the first clinical case reported in Mexico of an IFI caused by M. capitatus in a pediatric patient with ALL. It emphasizes the importance of close monitoring for a timely and accurate diagnosis of neutropenia-related IFIs to determine the proper treatment with antibiotics, antifungals, and chemotherapy for instance including children with ALL.
PubMed: 36012839
DOI: 10.3390/jof8080851 -
Case Reports in Ophthalmology 2019We report the case of a 68-year-old immunocompetent patient with a dilatation of the ascending aorta, intraluminal vegetations, and pseudoaneurysmatic bulging who...
We report the case of a 68-year-old immunocompetent patient with a dilatation of the ascending aorta, intraluminal vegetations, and pseudoaneurysmatic bulging who presented with unilateral fungal endogenous endophthalmitis 8 days after coronary angiogram. The isolated pathogen resulted to be , a filamentous, yeast-like fungus that can be commonly found in normal human microflora, with an immunosuppression-related pathogenicity. A literature research revealed a single case of ophthalmic infection - a keratitis - caused by this pathogen. Furthermore, we add a review of mycotic endophthalmitis related to aortic infection.
PubMed: 31579116
DOI: 10.1159/000502412