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Journal de Mycologie Medicale Mar 2018Malassezia species, usually part of normal human skin microbiota, may also cause cutaneous infections, mainly pityriasis versicolor (PV) which may rapidly spread in...
BACKGROUND
Malassezia species, usually part of normal human skin microbiota, may also cause cutaneous infections, mainly pityriasis versicolor (PV) which may rapidly spread in crowded communities, particularly in students' dormitories and sport leisure centers.
OBJECTIVE
Few studies have been conducted on PV in students in the Middle East. The present study was designed to determine prevalence of Malassezia species and related diseases in students from city of Sabzevar, Northeast Iran.
METHODS
Specimens were collected from 189 students and analyzed by direct microscopy and cultures. Following PCR amplification of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA, species were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFL-PCR).
RESULTS
PV was suspected for 28 students which was confirmed by direct examination and cultures. Cultures also revealed positive for 13 students with healthy skin. Four Malassezia species were identified, with M. restricta as the most prevalent. A higher rate of PV was observed compared to other regions in Iran. However, despite the lipophilic feature of Malassezia species, no significant association was observed between PV or Malassezia species and fatty skin or gender.
CONCLUSION
This study determined the frequencies of Malassezia species in part of Northeast Iran, but further studies are needed to identify risk factors for PV.
Topics: Adolescent; DNA, Ribosomal; Dermatitis; Female; Humans; Iran; Malassezia; Male; Microscopy; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Skin; Students; Tinea Versicolor; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 29310979
DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.12.004 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2024Malassezia restricta, a lipophilic and lipodependent yeast belonging to the basidiomycetes group, is an opportunistic fungal pathogen associated with various skin... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Malassezia restricta, a lipophilic and lipodependent yeast belonging to the basidiomycetes group, is an opportunistic fungal pathogen associated with various skin diseases, including seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. Typically, Malassezia infection in neonates manifests as fungemia or hematogenous dissemination to the bone or lungs. However, vertebral osteomyelitis caused by these fungi is rarely reported owing to non-specific clinical presentations and laboratory/imaging findings. The Pathogen Metagenomics Sequencing (PMseq) technique enables direct high-throughput sequencing of infected specimens, facilitating the rapid and accurate detection of all microorganisms in clinical samples through comprehensive reports.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 52-year-old male was admitted to our hospital on July 20, 2022 with a 3-month history of ambulatory difficulties and localized low back pain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination of the spinal column revealed irregular bone destruction affecting the L2, L3, and L5 vertebral bodies. Additionally, low T1 and high T2 intensity lesions were observed at the intervertebral discs between L3 and L5. The presumptive diagnosis of tuberculous spondylitis was made based on the imaging findings, despite negative results in all mycobacterium tests. However, the patient exhibited no improvement after receiving regular anti-tuberculosis treatment for 3 months. Subsequent MRI revealed an expansive abnormal signal within the vertebral body, leading to progressive bone destruction. The absence of spinal tuberculosis or other infective microorganisms was confirmed through culture from blood and pathological tissue from the L4 vertebral body. Subsequently, PMseq was performed on the specimens, revealing M. restricta as the predominant pathogen with the highest relative abundance value. The pathological examination revealed the presence of fungal mycelium in the L4 vertebral body, with positive findings on periodic Schiff-methenamine and periodic acid-Schiff staining. The anti-tuberculosis treatment was discontinued, and an antifungal combination of fluconazole and voriconazole was administered. All symptoms were resolved after 7 consecutive months of treatment, and the patient was able to ambulate autonomously. Vertebral lesions were reduced on MRI during the 13-month follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
M. restricta is not a commonly recognized pathogen associated with infectious vertebral osteomyelitis. However, PMseq can aid in diagnosis, timely treatment, and decision making for some non-specific infectious diseases.
Topics: Humans; Male; Osteomyelitis; Middle Aged; Malassezia; Metagenomics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Antifungal Agents; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
PubMed: 38926679
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09512-9 -
MBio Apr 2022species are important fungal skin commensals and are part of the normal microbiota of humans and other animals. However, under certain circumstances these fungi can...
species are important fungal skin commensals and are part of the normal microbiota of humans and other animals. However, under certain circumstances these fungi can also display a pathogenic behavior. For example, is a common commensal of human skin and yet is often responsible for skin disorders but also systemic infections. Comparative genomics analysis of revealed that some isolates have a hybrid origin, similar to several other recently described hybrid fungal pathogens. Because hybrid species exhibit genomic plasticity that can impact phenotypes, we sought to elucidate the genomic evolution and phenotypic characteristics of hybrids in comparison to their parental lineages. To this end, we performed a comparative genomics analysis between hybrid strains and their presumptive parental lineages and assessed phenotypic characteristics. Our results provide evidence that at least two distinct hybridization events occurred between the same parental lineages and that the parental strains may have originally been hybrids themselves. Analysis of the mating-type locus reveals that has a pseudobipolar mating system and provides evidence that after sexual liaisons of mating compatible cells, hybridization involved cell-cell fusion leading to a diploid/aneuploid state. This study provides new insights into the evolutionary trajectory of and contributes with valuable genomic resources for future pathogenicity studies. is a common commensal member of human/animal microbiota that is also associated with several pathogenic states. Recent studies report involvement of species in Crohn's disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatic cancer progression, and exacerbation of cystic fibrosis. A recent genomics analysis of . revealed the existence of hybrid isolates and identified their putative parental lineages. In this study, we explored the genomic and phenotypic features of these hybrids in comparison to their putative parental lineages. Our results revealed the existence of a pseudobipolar mating system in this species and showed evidence for the occurrence of multiple hybridization events in the evolutionary trajectory of . These findings significantly advance our understanding of the evolution of this commensal microbe and are relevant for future studies exploring the role of hybridization in the adaptation to new niches or environments, including the emergence of pathogenicity.
Topics: Animals; Malassezia; Phenotype; Skin; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 35404119
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03853-21 -
Cell Host & Microbe Mar 2019Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by alterations in the intestinal microbiota and altered immune responses to gut microbiota. Evidence is accumulating...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by alterations in the intestinal microbiota and altered immune responses to gut microbiota. Evidence is accumulating that IBD is influenced by not only commensal bacteria but also commensal fungi. We characterized fungi directly associated with the intestinal mucosa in healthy people and Crohn's disease patients and identified fungi specifically abundant in patients. One of these, the common skin resident fungus Malassezia restricta, is also linked to the presence of an IBD-associated polymorphism in the gene for CARD9, a signaling adaptor important for anti-fungal defense. M. restricta elicits innate inflammatory responses largely through CARD9 and is recognized by Crohn's disease patient anti-fungal antibodies. This yeast elicits strong inflammatory cytokine production from innate cells harboring the IBD-linked polymorphism in CARD9 and exacerbates colitis via CARD9 in mouse models of disease. Collectively, these results suggest that targeting specific commensal fungi may be a therapeutic strategy for IBD.
Topics: Animals; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Colitis; Crohn Disease; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Tract; Malassezia; Mice
PubMed: 30850233
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.007 -
Veterinary Dermatology Feb 2005
Review
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Humans; Malassezia; Phylogeny; Skin
PubMed: 15725101
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2005.00424.x -
Medical Mycology Feb 2021Malassezia restricta and Malassezia globosa are lipid dependent commensal yeasts associated with dandruff. Antifungal actives such as zinc pyrithione are commonly used...
UNLABELLED
Malassezia restricta and Malassezia globosa are lipid dependent commensal yeasts associated with dandruff. Antifungal actives such as zinc pyrithione are commonly used in antidandruff shampoos, although their efficacy is not clearly demonstrated. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of antifungal treatments on scalp Malassezia via a combination of culturomic and genomic detection methods. Zinc pyrithione inhibited Malassezia growth at low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). In a longitudinal pilot study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed a decrease in M. restricta on the scalp after zinc pyrithione treatment. These findings validate the antifungal efficacy of zinc pyrithione as a dandruff treatment.
LAY ABSTRACT
Malassezia yeasts are associated with dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Zinc pyrithione is effective against Malassezia growth in vitro and when tested on human skin as a shampoo. These findings will be useful for investigating the role of Malassezia in skin microbiome intervention studies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antifungal Agents; Cohort Studies; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Malassezia; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Pilot Projects; Pyridines; Scalp; Skin; Soaps; Surveys and Questionnaires; Symbiosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 32785575
DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa068 -
Medical Mycology Jan 2020We investigated Malassezia spp. in external ear canal and haircoat of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). A total of 199 animals were...
We investigated Malassezia spp. in external ear canal and haircoat of free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). A total of 199 animals were restrained, and 597 clinical samples were collected. After the amplification of the 26S ribosomal gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the RFLP technique was performed. Two additional PCR protocols were performed in 10 randomly selected strains. Malassezia sp. was isolated in 38.2% (76/199) of the animals and 14.6% (87/597) of the samples; all strains were lipodependent. The 10 sequenced strains showed a high identity with Malassezia japonica, species described in man, but not in animals, so far.
Topics: Animals; Dermatomycoses; Ear; Female; Leontopithecus; Malassezia; Male; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal; Skin
PubMed: 31220312
DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz017 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020yeasts are lipid dependent and part of the human and animal skin microbiome. However, they are also associated with a variety of dermatological conditions and even...
yeasts are lipid dependent and part of the human and animal skin microbiome. However, they are also associated with a variety of dermatological conditions and even cause systemic infections. How these yeasts can live as commensals on the skin and switch to a pathogenic stage has long been a matter of debate. Lipids are important cellular molecules, and understanding the lipid metabolism and composition of species is crucial to comprehending their biology and host-microbe interaction. Here, we investigated the lipid composition of strains grown to the stationary phase in a complex Dixon medium broth. In this study, we perform a lipidomic analysis of a subset of species; in addition, we conducted a gene prediction analysis for the detection of lipid metabolic proteins. We identified 18 lipid classes and 428 lipidic compounds. The most commonly found lipids were triglycerides (TAG), sterol (CH), diglycerides (DG), fatty acids (FAs), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), ceramides, cholesteryl ester (CE), sphingomyelin (SM), acylcarnitine, and lysophospholipids. Particularly, we found a low content of CEs in , atypical , and and undetectable traces of these components in , and . Remarkably, uncommon lipids in yeast, like diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine and FA esters of hydroxyl FAs, were found in a variable concentration in these species. The latter are bioactive lipids recently reported to have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. The results obtained can be used to discriminate different species and offer a new overview of the lipid composition of these yeasts. We could confirm the presence and the absence of certain lipid-biosynthesis genes in specific species. Further analyses are necessary to continue disclosing the complex lipidome of species and the impact of the lipid metabolism in connection with the host interaction.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lipidomics; Lipids; Malassezia; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 32760678
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00338 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Feb 2015
Topics: Animals; Humans; Malassezia
PubMed: 25860048
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182015000200014 -
Infection Feb 2019
Topics: Central Nervous System; Malassezia; Multiple Sclerosis; Mycoses
PubMed: 30120719
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-018-1196-3