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Cancer Treatment and Research 2014Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor that primarily affects the long bones but can also involve other bones in the body. It has a bimodal distribution with peaks in the... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor that primarily affects the long bones but can also involve other bones in the body. It has a bimodal distribution with peaks in the second decade of life and late adulthood. This chapter will highlight the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of osteosarcoma.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 25070231
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07323-1_4 -
Cancer Dec 1986A total of 422 patients with malignant lymphoma of bone who were seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1907 through 1982 were placed into four major groups based on stage of...
A total of 422 patients with malignant lymphoma of bone who were seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1907 through 1982 were placed into four major groups based on stage of disease. There was one group with primary lymphoma of bone, one group with multifocal osseous lymphoma, and two groups with lymphoma of bone and nodal or soft tissue (or both) disease. The last-mentioned two groups were separated on the basis of time of onset of osseous lymphoma in relation to the nonosseous disease. The stage of disease was the single most important prognostic indicator of overall survival in malignant lymphoma of bone. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were, respectively, 58% and 53% for patients with primary bone lymphoma, 22% and 12.5% for patients with bone and nodal or soft tissue (or both) disease, and 42% and 35% for patients with multifocal osseous disease. Features having no significant prognostic value were sex of the patient, histologic grade of the lymphoma (according to the Working Formulation and the Kiel system), and presence of T-cell features or cleaved cells (or both). This study is not able to adequately address efficacy of treatment. In fact, treatment may be very important in outcome.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis; Time Factors
PubMed: 3779614
DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19861215)58:12<2646::aid-cncr2820581217>3.0.co;2-u -
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Sep 1975Osteosarcoma of bone is a tumor composed of malignant cells that produce osteoid. Some tumors show predominant chondroid or fibromatoid ground substance. All, however,... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma of bone is a tumor composed of malignant cells that produce osteoid. Some tumors show predominant chondroid or fibromatoid ground substance. All, however, are highly malignant and about 80 per cent produce death with metastases. The roentgenogram affords important evidence for the correct diagnosis of many of them. Differential diagnosis should include consideration of those sarcomas with many benign giant cells and the group of "telangiectatic" osteosarcomas that may contain only small diagnostic areas. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is now considered as a possible diagnosis for some malignant bone tumors, but the exact criteria for the diagnosis of this condition are still somewhat obscure. Newer modalities of adjunctive treatment, such as resection of pulmonary metastases, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, give promise of improving the prognosis for osteosarcoma.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Bone Cysts; Bone Neoplasms; Bone and Bones; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Giant Cell Tumors; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Jaw Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Sex Factors
PubMed: 168999
DOI: 10.1097/00003086-197509000-00004 -
Virchows Archiv : An International... Nov 2012Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and fibrosarcoma (FS) of bone are rare malignant tumours and contentious entities. Sixty seven cases labelled as bone MFH (57) and...
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and fibrosarcoma (FS) of bone are rare malignant tumours and contentious entities. Sixty seven cases labelled as bone MFH (57) and bone FS (10) were retrieved from five bone tumour referral centres and reviewed to determine whether recent advances allowed for reclassification and identification of histological subgroups with distinct clinical behaviour. A panel of immunostains was applied: smooth muscle actin, desmin, h-caldesmon, cytokeratin AE1-AE3, CD31, CD34, CD68, CD163, CD45, S100 and epithelial membrane antigen. Additional fluorescence in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry were performed whenever appropriate. All cases were reviewed by six bone and soft tissue pathologists and a consensus was reached. Follow-up for 43 patients (median 42 months, range 6-223 months) was available. Initial histological diagnosis was reformulated in 18 cases (26.8 %). Seven cases were reclassified as leiomyosarcoma, six as osteosarcoma, three as myxofibrosarcoma and one each as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma. One case showed a peculiar biphasic phenotype with epithelioid nests and myofibroblastic spindle cells. Among the remaining 48 cases, which met the WHO criteria for bone FS and bone MFH, we identified five subgroups. Seven cases were reclassified as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) and 11 as UPS with incomplete myogenic differentiation due to positivity for at least one myogenic marker. Six were reclassified as spindle cell sarcoma not otherwise specified. Among the remaining 24 cases, we identified a further two recurrent morphologic patterns: eight cases demonstrated a myoepithelioma-like phenotype and 16 cases a myofibroblastic phenotype. One of the myoepithelioma-like cases harboured a EWSR1-NFATC2 fusion. It appears that bone MFH and bone FS represent at best exclusion diagnoses.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; DNA, Neoplasm; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Europe; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Follow-Up Studies; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Leiomyosarcoma; Male; Middle Aged; Myxosarcoma; Osteosarcoma; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal; Young Adult
PubMed: 23001328
DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1306-z -
Cancer Dec 1980Osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma developed as a second malignant neoplasm (SMN) in 40 of 188 individuals with SMN whose first neoplasm occurred in childhood. A genetic...
Osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma developed as a second malignant neoplasm (SMN) in 40 of 188 individuals with SMN whose first neoplasm occurred in childhood. A genetic susceptibility to cancer was found in 23; the SMN developed in an irradiated field in 32; both factors wer present in 16; neither in one. When a genetic predisposition was present, radiation shortened the interval to SMN. The intervals between tumors and the age at which the bone sarcomas developed in relation to genetic disease and therapy were analyzed by a two-mutation hypothesis. Studies of SMN in childhood permit us to make observation about the role of genetic factors and environmental mutagens in cancer etiology.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Radiotherapy; Risk; Sarcoma; Time Factors
PubMed: 7448699
DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19801215)46:12<2603::aid-cncr2820461212>3.0.co;2-4 -
Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal... Feb 1994To evaluate the diagnosis and management of patients with malignant lymphoma of bone.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the diagnosis and management of patients with malignant lymphoma of bone.
DESIGN
A case series review in which the minimum follow-up was 24 months and the mean follow-up was 49 months.
SETTING
All patients were managed at a tertiary care centre, although initial biopsies were often done in community centres.
PATIENTS
Selected for review were 15 of 18 consecutive patients who were referred to the Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit at the Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, between 1984 and 1989, with a bone lesion as the presenting symptom of lymphoma. The three excluded patients included two with diffuse nodal disease at presentation and one who had a second, unrelated malignant tumour.
INTERVENTIONS
Staging studies (hematologic investigations, radiography, technetium bone scanning and computed tomography), surgical biopsies of the lesion, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and in some cases surgical resection of the lesion.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The number of biopsies required for diagnosis and the incidence of complications that required operative intervention.
RESULTS
Seven of the 15 patients required more than one biopsy to establish the diagnosis. Five patients required surgical procedures for late complications that included pathologic fractures, wound infection and osteonecrosis. At 24 months' follow-up, 13 patients were disease free and 2 had died.
CONCLUSIONS
Proper biopsy and pathological evaluation are crucial in the diagnosis of lymphoma of bone. These measures will decrease the necessity for repeat biopsies. Lymphoma is best managed medically. Surgery should be reserved for biopsy and for treatment of the complications of therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Bone Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 8306219
DOI: No ID Found -
Minnesota Medicine Jul 1974
Review
Topics: Age Factors; Amputation, Surgical; Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteosarcoma; Sarcoma, Ewing
PubMed: 4602757
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatric Radiology May 2017Tumors of the foot are rare in children. This review illustrates radiographic, CT and MR imaging findings of foot bone tumors in children based on all cases presented in... (Review)
Review
Tumors of the foot are rare in children. This review illustrates radiographic, CT and MR imaging findings of foot bone tumors in children based on all cases presented in a tertiary pediatric hospital during the 15-year period of 1999-2014. This search revealed 155 tumors of the foot, 72 of the bones and 83 of the soft tissues. Osteochondroma, bone cyst and fibrous dysplasia were the most frequent benign bone lesions. Ewing sarcoma was the most common malignant osseous tumor. Some tumors showed higher prevalence in certain age ranges and others showed predilection for specific bones. Radiographs are useful for diagnosis in the majority of cases but CT and MR imaging provide additional valuable information in select cases for diagnosis and determining extent of the lesions. Radiologists should be aware of some typical imaging findings in bone tumors of the foot in order to establish diagnosis and facilitate patient management.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Foot Bones; Humans
PubMed: 28477224
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-016-3752-2 -
Advances in Protein Chemistry and... 2024Osteosarcoma is a malignant osseous neoplasm. Osteosarcoma is a primary bone malignancy capable of producing osteoid tissue or immature bones. A subsequent malignant... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma is a malignant osseous neoplasm. Osteosarcoma is a primary bone malignancy capable of producing osteoid tissue or immature bones. A subsequent malignant degeneration of the primary bone pathology occurs less frequently in adults. The over-expression of several proteins, including Heat shock proteins, Cofilin, Annexins, Insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, Receptor tyrosine kinase, Ezrin, Runx2, SATB2, ATF4, Annexins, cofilin, EGFR, VEGF, retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) and secreted protein, has been associated to the development and progression of osteosarcoma. These proteins are involved in cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and the control of cell cycle and apoptosis. In genomic studies, osteosarcoma has been associated with several genetic abnormalities, including chromosomal rearrangements, gene mutations, and gene amplifications. These differentially expressed proteins could be used as early identification biomarkers or treatment targets. Proteomics and genomics play significant parts in enhancing our molecular understanding of osteosarcoma, and their integration provides essential insights into this aggressive bone cancer. This review will discuss the tumour biology that has assisted in helping us better understand the causes of osteosarcoma and how they could potentially be used to find new treatment targets and enhance the survival rate for osteosarcoma patients.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Proteomics; Osteosarcoma; Genomics; Bone Neoplasms; Actin Depolymerizing Factors; Annexins
PubMed: 38220428
DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.06.001 -
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy May 2016Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor, currently treated with pre-and postoperative chemotherapy in association with the surgical removal of the tumor.... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor, currently treated with pre-and postoperative chemotherapy in association with the surgical removal of the tumor. About 15-20% of patients have evidence of metastases at diagnosis, mostly in the lungs. Patients with metastatic disease still have a very poor prognosis, with approximately 20-30% of long-term survivors, as compared with 65-70% of patients with localized disease. The optimum management of these patients has not been standardized yet due to several patterns of metastatic disease harboring different prognosis. Complete surgical resection of all sites of disease is mandatory and predictive of survival. Patients with multiple sites of disease not amenable to complete surgery removal should be considered for innovative therapeutic approaches because of poor prognosis.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Survival Rate
PubMed: 26999418
DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2016.1168697