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Current Opinion in Hematology Jan 2001Until recently, malignant histiocytosis was a clearly defined clinical entity marked by fever, progressive wasting, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and... (Review)
Review
Until recently, malignant histiocytosis was a clearly defined clinical entity marked by fever, progressive wasting, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. However, for many years the morphologic findings in this disease continued to cause a great deal of controversy. Now it seems clear that most cases of malignant histiocytosis represent anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) with Ki 1 expression, and they are not related to the monocyte/macrophage system. This conclusion is based on histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings, and more recently, on results from genotypic studies. Thus, malignant histiocytosis is a "vanishing disease."
Topics: Histiocytic Sarcoma; Humans
PubMed: 11138619
DOI: 10.1097/00062752-200101000-00001 -
Medical and Pediatric Oncology Aug 1995
Topics: Histiocytic Sarcoma; Humans
PubMed: 7603401
DOI: 10.1002/mpo.2950250202 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Jul 2022
Topics: B7-H1 Antigen; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Nivolumab
PubMed: 35787870
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.05.012 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jan 2023Canine cutaneous histiocytomas originate from Langerhans cells. Multiple histiocytomas are referred to as cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Feline pulmonary... (Review)
Review
Canine cutaneous histiocytomas originate from Langerhans cells. Multiple histiocytomas are referred to as cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Feline pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis causes respiratory failure owing to extensive lung infiltration. Localized and disseminated histiocytic sarcomas usually arise from interstitial dendritic cells. Primary sites include spleen, lung, skin, brain (meninges), lymph node, bone marrow, and synovial tissues of limbs. An initially indolent form of localized histiocytic sarcomas, progressive histiocytosis, originates in the skin of cats. Hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcomas originates in splenic red pulp macrophages. Canine reactive histiocytoses (systemic histiocytosis and cutaneous histiocytosis) are complex inflammatory diseases with underlying immune dysregulation.
Topics: Dogs; Cats; Animals; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Dog Diseases; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 36270835
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.07.010 -
British Journal of Haematology Dec 1999
Topics: Adult; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; Female; Fever; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Humans; Pain; Pancytopenia; Translocation, Genetic
PubMed: 10606869
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01822.x -
American Journal of Clinical Pathology Feb 1994
Topics: Histiocytic Sarcoma; Humans
PubMed: 8116582
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/101.2.241 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... May 2020Histiocytic sarcoma, a rare malignant neoplasm showing morphologic and immunophenotypic features of histiocytes, is characterized typically by extranodal presentation... (Review)
Review
Histiocytic sarcoma, a rare malignant neoplasm showing morphologic and immunophenotypic features of histiocytes, is characterized typically by extranodal presentation and a dismal clinical course, particularly in patients with disseminated disease. A history of hematolymphoid disorder can be identified in a subset of patients, suggesting transdifferentiation of a preexisting hematolymphoid neoplasm in its pathogenesis. The differential diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma includes various lymphomas, other histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms, carcinomas, melanomas, and pleomorphic sarcomas. Given its rarity and histologic overlap with diverse mimics, the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma can be extremely challenging. Recognition of morphologic clues, as well as judicious application of immunohistochemical markers to confirm its histiocytic lineage and to exclude mimics, is crucial for the diagnosis. Recent molecular studies by targeted next-generation sequencing identified recurrent alterations in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway and chromatin regulators in the pathogenesis of histiocytic sarcoma and may suggest possible therapeutic targets.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Immunophenotyping
PubMed: 31070934
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0349-RS -
Hematology/oncology Clinics of North... Apr 1998Although myelomonoblastic leukemia is thought to originate from a malignant transformation of the stem cell of the mononuclear phagocyte system, malignant histiocytosis... (Review)
Review
Although myelomonoblastic leukemia is thought to originate from a malignant transformation of the stem cell of the mononuclear phagocyte system, malignant histiocytosis (MH) is classically assumed to represent a malignant change of the terminal and fixed elements of this system. Indeed, MH is characterized by the proliferation of large, clear, pleomorphic, "histiocytic-like" HLADR and CD30+ cells resulting in a nodal and extranodal disseminated neoplasm affecting preferentially and severely children and young adults. Although there is broad agreement on the clinicopathologic presentation of this condition, there is currently quite a controversy over the T-lymphoid or histiocytic origin of the proliferative cells that results in a nosologic discussion between the anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) advocates and the MH supporters. This article has dealt mainly with this nosologic discussion and with the contributions provided by the investigations performed on MH permanent cell lines. These in vitro studies have demonstrated that the proliferation is characterized by a unique chromosomal abnormality, the 5q35bp usually associated with a t(2;5) translocation generating a fusion gene NPM/ALK and the subsequent translation of p80 protein. Although it is known that no single chromosomal abnormality is strictly restricted to a cell lineage, this 5q35bp and associated translocations seem today to represent the hallmark for this condition. In view of these chromosomal aberrations, the CD30+ ALCLs represent a heterogeneous group because 15% to 50% express the NPM/ALK fusion gene. In addition, these in vitro investigations have shown that 5q35bp proliferative cells are glass-adherent, can develop an immunodependent phagocytosis, and are able to reduce NBT and produce TNF-alpha. More significantly, they express constitutively the c-fms (the receptor of the macrophage growth factor) and, under TPA stimulation, are able to modulate the expression of this receptor and its ligand, as well as TNF-alpha and IL-1. None of these cell lines express CD3, but several express CD68 and CD71. In contrast, genomic investigations have shown the underlying existence of monoallelic and even biallelic gene rearrangements for TCR beta and IgJH. In view of these discrepancies between the genomic and phenotypic features of these cells, the histogenetic debate should remain open but must take into account these new chromosomal and molecular data.
Topics: Adult; Antigens, CD; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Humans; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
PubMed: 9561912
DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8588(05)70522-0 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Jun 1998To attempt to distinguish cases of true malignant histiocytosis from the clinical syndromes of so-called malignant histiocytosis with use of recent methods.
OBJECTIVE
To attempt to distinguish cases of true malignant histiocytosis from the clinical syndromes of so-called malignant histiocytosis with use of recent methods.
DESIGN
We retrospectively studied the laboratory data and clinical course of Mayo patients who had clinical syndromes of so-called malignant histiocytosis and reviewed available paraffin-embedded tissue specimens to identify the nature of the malignant cells.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
After elimination of cases of infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, we reviewed and studied seven cases of so-called malignant histiocytosis in patients who had undergone assessment at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 1973 and 1993. We identified histiocytes by using current morphologic, cytochemical, and immunohistochemical methods. The clonal nature of the malignant cells was identified with morphologic, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic studies.
RESULTS
Only one of the seven cases had a true histiocytic origin. The malignant cells were T cells in three other cases (the cells were also CD30+ in two cases), CD30+ cells only in one case, epithelial cells in one case, and an undetermined cell type (stained positively only with antitrypsin) in one case.
CONCLUSION
True malignant histiocytosis is an exceedingly rare disease, and only a few reports have clearly identified the histiocytic origin of the malignant cells. Previously, the lack of monoclonal antibodies specific to histiocytes and the absence of techniques for performing molecular genetic studies on paraffin-embedded tissue prevented the study of such cases. With newer techniques cases of true malignant histiocytosis can now be identified.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Chromosome Aberrations; Diagnosis, Differential; Histiocytes; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymph Nodes; Paraffin Embedding; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 9621858
DOI: 10.4065/73.6.520 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2001
Review
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Cat Diseases; Cats; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Male
PubMed: 11380036
DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2001)015<0252:mhic>2.3.co;2