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Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences Sep 2019In the literature the occurrence of thymomas in goats varies from 0.7 to 25%, depending on the study. Therefore the current investigation was carried out to determine...
In the literature the occurrence of thymomas in goats varies from 0.7 to 25%, depending on the study. Therefore the current investigation was carried out to determine the prevalence of thymoma in goats in Poland. Between 2007 and 2018 at the Warsaw Veterinary Faculty 399 goat autopsies and ultrasound examinations of the chest in other 145 goats were performed. Mediastinal tumors were diagnosed during post mortem examination in 2 goats. Additionally, ultrasound examination of the chest revealed a large mass close to the heart in the thoracic cavity in 1 case. This goat was euthanized and an autopsy confirmed a mediastinal tumor. Histopathological examination, with immunohistochemical tests to anti cytokeratin, p63 and p40 confirmed thymomas in all three cases. In our study thymomas were found in 0.5% (95% CI: 0.1% to 1.8%) of examined goats and they represented the most common malignancy in this species.
Topics: Animals; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Thymoma; Thymus Neoplasms
PubMed: 31560469
DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2019.129307 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... Jan 1992Thymoma is the most common primary neoplasm of the thymus. The majority of thymomas are encapsulated masses and exhibit a benign behavior. Less frequently, thymomas may... (Review)
Review
Thymoma is the most common primary neoplasm of the thymus. The majority of thymomas are encapsulated masses and exhibit a benign behavior. Less frequently, thymomas may be locally invasive, or rarely they may metastasize to distant sites. The usual clinical presentation is that of an anterior mediastinal mass found incidentally in an asymptomatic patient. The variable gross features of thymoma and the potential for local invasion result in a variety of radiologic appearances. The most common radiologic manifestation is a rounded, soft-tissue mass of the anterior superior mediastinum. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging typically show a prevascular mediastinal mass of variable size and may be helpful in the evaluation of adjacent structures in cases of invasive thymoma. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be used adjunctively to surgery in the treatment of invasive tumors. The prognosis of encapsulated thymoma is generally favorable. Invasive tumors are associated with a worse prognosis but may respond to radical resection.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography; Thymoma; Thymus Neoplasms
PubMed: 1734461
DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.12.1.1734461 -
Journal of Thoracic Imaging Mar 2013Thymoma is the most common primary neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum, but it accounts for <1% of all adult malignancies. It is the most common of the thymic... (Review)
Review
Thymoma is the most common primary neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum, but it accounts for <1% of all adult malignancies. It is the most common of the thymic epithelial neoplasms, which, in addition to thymoma, include thymic carcinoma and thymic carcinoid. Because of the rarity of thymoma, it has not been studied thoroughly. Over the last half decade, there has been increased interest in this disease, with greater international collaboration and dedicated thymic malignancy work groups; this has culminated in the formation of the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group, instituted to provide a scientific infrastructure for the study of these lesions and foster collaborative research. Imaging plays a major role in the identification and staging of thymoma, as well as in the follow-up monitoring for its recurrence. Currently, imaging is predominantly carried out with computed tomography (CT). In selected cases, there is a role for magnetic resonance imaging and F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the investigation of an anterior mediastinal mass suspected to be thymoma. Because patients with advanced thymoma receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiologists should be familiar with the staging system of thymoma and the imaging features of advanced-stage thymoma to identify such patients before surgery. This review serves as an update of the recent imaging studies on thymoma, which may help in tailoring the approach to the patient with a biopsy-proven or suspected thymoma.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Thymoma; Thymus Hyperplasia; Thymus Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 23422781
DOI: 10.1097/RTI.0b013e31828609a0 -
Annali Italiani Di Chirurgia 2007Thymomas and thymic carcinomas, which are rare epithelial tumors arising from the thymus gland, are the most common tumors of the anterior mediastinum. Surgery is the... (Review)
Review
Thymomas and thymic carcinomas, which are rare epithelial tumors arising from the thymus gland, are the most common tumors of the anterior mediastinum. Surgery is the principal treatment and is curative in early stage disease. Radiation therapy, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, may be an option both in not completely and completely resected disease. Chemotherapy is offered to patients with locally advanced or metastatic thymoma and induces excellent responses race and prolonged survival.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Thymoma; Thymus Neoplasms
PubMed: 18338542
DOI: No ID Found -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jul 1985Thymoma is an uncommon canine neoplasm of thymic epithelial cells. It is seen in various breeds but may occur more frequently in German Shepherd Dogs. Middle-aged or... (Review)
Review
Thymoma is an uncommon canine neoplasm of thymic epithelial cells. It is seen in various breeds but may occur more frequently in German Shepherd Dogs. Middle-aged or older dogs can be affected and no sex predilection exists. A paraneoplastic syndrome of myasthenia gravis, nonthymic malignant tumors, and/or polymyositis occurs in a significant number of dogs with thymoma. Clinical signs are variable and are related to a space-occupying cranial mediastinal mass and/or manifestations of the paraneo-plastic syndrome. Dyspnea is the most common presenting clinical sign. Thoracic radiographs usually show a cranial mediastinal mass. Lymphoma is the main differential diagnosis. A definitive diagnosis may be made by closed biopsy but is more likely to be confirmed by thoracotomy. Thymomas may be completely contained within the thymic capsule or may spread by local invasion or metastasis. A staging system allows for an accurate prognosis and a therapeutic plan. Surgical removal of encapsulated thymomas may result in long-term survival or cure. Invasive or metastatic thymomas carry a guarded prognosis. Manifestations of the paraneoplastic syndrome complicate treatment. Adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy may be of value for advanced cases; however, adequate clinical trials have not been done in the dog.
Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Neoplasm Staging; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Prognosis; Radiography, Thoracic; Thymectomy; Thymoma; Thymus Gland; Thymus Neoplasms
PubMed: 3898533
DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(85)50034-0 -
Advances in Anatomic Pathology Sep 2021The interpretation of biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of thymoma is a subject that is generally not addressed in the literature. Even though the diagnosis of thymoma... (Review)
Review
The interpretation of biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of thymoma is a subject that is generally not addressed in the literature. Even though the diagnosis of thymoma may seem to be an easy step in the assessment of these tumors, in reality, it is the biopsy specimen interpretation that will be use to determine course of action in any particular patient. It may determine whether a patient is a surgical candidate or on the contrary whether a patient may be benefited the most by medical therapy. In addition, there may be conditions in which all that is required is surgical resection without any further treatment, and that the evaluation of those conditions does not necessarily required the careful pathologic staging that thymomas need. In addition, it is important to highlight that in small biopsies, there are limitations not only in terms of the cellularity and other features that may not be present in such biopsy but also the limitation in term of immunohistochemical interpretation. Herein we have attempted to highlight numerous tumoral conditions that are frequently encountered in the daily practice of mediastinal pathology, some of them pose significant problems in separating them from thymomas. Needles to say, the entire spectrum of mediastinal pathology that may at any given time mimic thymoma is well beyond the scope of this review. Furthermore, we also herein emphasize the need for proper clinical and radiologic information and correlation in order to lead to a better interpretation of the biopsy specimen. The emphasis in this review is on thymoma and their possible pitfall and shortcomings while evaluating small biopsy specimens.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Thymoma; Thymus Neoplasms
PubMed: 34139743
DOI: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000310 -
Chest Oct 1997The management of most thymomas is relatively straightforward: surgical resection remains the primary mode of therapy. However, the literature contains many... (Review)
Review
The management of most thymomas is relatively straightforward: surgical resection remains the primary mode of therapy. However, the literature contains many contradictory points of view regarding histology and pathology, staging and its usefulness, the need for adjuvant therapy, and recently, the place of video-assisted surgery in the treatment of this tumor. This article is not a comprehensive guide to management but rather explores several of these controversial areas. Conclusions include the following: invasiveness remains the single most consistent factor in predicting outcome; surgery is the treatment of choice for thymoma whenever a complete resection can be accomplished; and incomplete resection may have some advantage over biopsy alone. The preponderance of evidence indicates that all thymomas except completely encapsulated stage I tumors should be treated with postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy in the hope of reducing the incidence of local relapse. Myasthenia can no longer be considered an adverse prognostic factor in thymoma; it may even confer a survival advantage, but this may be due to the preponderance of early-stage tumors discovered incidentally in myasthenic patients. Other associated autoimmune diseases confer a survival disadvantage. Demonstrating the equivalence of minimally invasive thoracoscopic approaches to standard thymectomy will take many years of investigation. Some promising reports on response to chemotherapy have led to the development of a phase II intergroup study to assess the value of chemotherapy in advanced thymoma.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Endoscopy; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Predictive Value of Tests; Thoracoscopy; Thymoma; Thymus Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 9337307
DOI: 10.1378/chest.112.4_supplement.296s -
No Shinkei Geka. Neurological Surgery 1988Malignant thymomas usually proliferate invasively and rarely metastasize to other organs. Since the metastases occur predominantly to the liver and kidneys, there have... (Review)
Review
Malignant thymomas usually proliferate invasively and rarely metastasize to other organs. Since the metastases occur predominantly to the liver and kidneys, there have been only 16 cases with metastatic spreads of malignant thymomas to the central nervous system reported in the literature. A 59-year-old man was admitted with complaints of dizziness and vomiting. Three years and three months ago, he had been operated upon for mediastinal tumor, which was diagnosed as a predominantly lymphocytic type thymoma, and then followed by irradiation therapy of 3800 rads. The size of the tumor decreased markedly after the irradiation. Nine months after the operation, he complained again of dizziness and vomiting. Computed tomography scans showed a tumorous lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere, which was thought to be a metastasis from the thymoma. He received radiotherapy of 4000 rads directed to the intracranial metastatic tumor, with the reduction of the tumor size and the relief of symptoms. On the present admission, he had cerebellar signs and symptoms. Neuroradiologically, there was a hypervascular tumor in the left cerebellar hemisphere and a hypovascular one in the right. At operation, a vascular and solid tumor with small necrotic areas were found in the left cerebellum, and a tumor with large liquefied clot within it in the right cerebellum. Pathologically, bilateral cerebellar tumors were confirmed as the metastases from the thymoma in the epithelial type.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Thymoma; Thymus Neoplasms
PubMed: 3041300
DOI: No ID Found -
American Family Physician Mar 1984Thymomas, with their diverse signs, symptoms and relationships to other systemic diseases, are not infrequently encountered. Histologic classification is now...
Thymomas, with their diverse signs, symptoms and relationships to other systemic diseases, are not infrequently encountered. Histologic classification is now standardized. Thymoma is associated with other disorders, such as myasthenia gravis and pure red cell aplasia. Proper staging, careful histologic evaluation and appropriately selected therapy are necessary to ensure long-term survival.
Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Myasthenia Gravis; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Thymoma; Thymus Neoplasms
PubMed: 6702544
DOI: No ID Found -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Aug 2011Among anterior mediastinal lesions, thymoma is the most common. Thymomas are tumors of thymic epithelial cell origin that are distinguished by inconsistent histological... (Review)
Review
Among anterior mediastinal lesions, thymoma is the most common. Thymomas are tumors of thymic epithelial cell origin that are distinguished by inconsistent histological and biologic behavior. Chest imaging studies typically show a round or lobulated tumor in the anterior mediastinum. Calcifications in thymomas are classically punctuate or amorphous, positioned within the lesion. Chest computed tomography (CT) features suggesting higher risk thymoma consist of tumor heterogeneity, vascular involvement, lobulation, pulmonary nodules, lymphadenopathy, and pleural manifestations. Imaging findings have an imperfect ability to predict stage and prognosis for thymoma patients. Our objective is to highlight the clinical implications of thymoma calcifications on the diagnosis, clinical manifestation and prognosis. A pubmed and google search was performed using the following words: thymoma calcification, calcified thymus, mediastinal calcification, anterior mediastinal calcification, and calcified thymoma. After reviewing 370 articles, 32 eligible articles describing thymoma calcifications were found and included in this review. Although the presence of thymus calcifications was more common in patients with invasive thymomas, they were present in significant portion of non-invasive thymomas. The presence of calcifications was not a significant factor in differentiating between benign and malignant thymoma. As a result, the type, location, size or other characteristics of thymus gland calcifications were not relevant features in clinical and radiologic diagnosis of thymoma. The histopathological diagnosis is still the only possible way to confirm the neoplastic nature of thymoma. All types of thymomas should be evaluated and managed independently of the presence of calcifications.
Topics: Biopsy; Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Thymoma; Thymus Gland; Thymus Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 21861913
DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-95