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Journal of Clinical Hypertension... Jul 2012
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Factitious Disorders; Humans; Hypertension; Lisinopril; Male; Malingering; Middle Aged; Risk Factors
PubMed: 22747622
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2012.00633.x -
The Clinical Neuropsychologist May 2003Strategies for the detection of possible malingering have largely taken two forms. First is the development and validation of domain-specific measures of malingering...
Strategies for the detection of possible malingering have largely taken two forms. First is the development and validation of domain-specific measures of malingering designed specifically for the detection of malingering (e.g., Test Of Memory Malingering, Word Memory Test, and Word Completion Memory Test). The second has been the development and evaluation of performance patterns and cutoff scores applicable to commonly used neuropsychological instruments. Two such instruments that have been examined are the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). While several studies propose possible cutoff scores and actuarial judgement strategies for these tests, the specificity of these strategies within older, nonimpaired adults has not been established. Without proper evaluation of potential age-related effects within these strategies, the actual utility of the strategies within suspected malingerers who are older adults is unknown. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the specificity of the proposed strategies for detecting possible malingering with the WCST and the CVLT in a sample of older, community-dwelling, nonimpaired adults. The results suggest that the currently existing WCST formulas may have limited utility for the detection of malingering with older adults while the CVLT strategies do appear to have potential clinical utility. The potential of these formulas for use with older adults is discussed.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Malingering; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychometrics; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Sampling Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 13680433
DOI: 10.1076/clin.17.2.255.16502 -
Legal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Feb 2022A factitious disorder leading to the self-infliction of highly counter-intuitive burns was diagnosed in a middle-aged female. The injuries were otherwise alleged to have...
A factitious disorder leading to the self-infliction of highly counter-intuitive burns was diagnosed in a middle-aged female. The injuries were otherwise alleged to have been sustained by assault inflicted upon her by an unknown person. The case was diagnosed by medico-legal interpretation of injuries, in spite of a highly deceptive and concocted history by the patient and her husband. The entity was unique in being associated with magnificent primary, secondary and tertiary gains. The exploitation of the morbid sequel to malinger by the patient, and the involvement of the husband for the prolongation of the illness of his wife for financial gains as gaslighting was highly unusual. The self-infliction of injuries over hands is seen in factitious disorder. However, a combination of a guarded self-immersion of the hands and feet in a corrosive by an illiterate female, followed by malingering to earn livelihood is unprecedented in factitious disorders. The delayed presentation which required amputation of all the limbs to save the life of the patient is a glaring highlight of this case.
Topics: Burns; Factitious Disorders; Female; Gaslighting; Humans; Malingering; Middle Aged; Munchausen Syndrome
PubMed: 34654642
DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101968 -
The Journal of Sports Medicine and... Sep 2016Healthcare professionals are concerned that athletes have the capability to intentionally underperform on baseline computerized neurocognitive assessments in an effort...
BACKGROUND
Healthcare professionals are concerned that athletes have the capability to intentionally underperform on baseline computerized neurocognitive assessments in an effort to expedite their return to the field of play following a concussion. The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of overlapping validity measures will provide better sensitivity for detecting malingering athletes on a baseline computerized neurocognitive assessment.
METHODS
Twenty male, collegiate rugby players (mean age 23±4 years) participated in this study. Subjects completed 2 Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) assessments within a 7-day interval. The initial test, non-malingering baseline (NM), was performed adhering to ImPACT's normal sequence of instructions. Immediately prior to the second assessment, the malingering attempt (MA), each participant was instructed to "underperform on the test" in such a way that it was not obvious they were trying to score poorly.
RESULTS
ImPACT detected 70% (N.=14) of the malingerers using internal validation measures, whereas the trained physician identified 80% of the malingerers (N.=16) including all of the malingerers detected by ImPACT. The Schatz Word Memory Check identified 100% of malingering tests.
CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that the combination of a trained physician review and ImPACT test measures are more successful at recognizing possible malingers than use of the ImPACT validity measures alone. The Schatz Word Memory Check was highly effective at identifying invalid baseline tests and should be considered a valid test measure for future clinical reviews.
Topics: Adult; Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Brain Concussion; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Football; Humans; Male; Malingering; Neuropsychological Tests; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 26472603
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychological Assessment Sep 2008The 6 nonoverlapping primary scales of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS) were subjected to taxometric analysis in a group of 1,211 criminal and civil...
The 6 nonoverlapping primary scales of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS) were subjected to taxometric analysis in a group of 1,211 criminal and civil examinees in order to investigate the latent structure of feigned psychopathology. Both taxometric procedures used in this study, mean above minus below a cut (MAMBAC) and maximum covariance (MAXCOV), produced dimensional results. A subgroup of participants (n = 711) with valid Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) protocols were included in a second round of analyses in which the 6 nonoverlapping primary scales of the SIRS and the Infrequency (F), Infrequency-Psychopathology (Fp), and Dissimulation (Ds) scales of the MMPI-2 served as indicators. Again, the results were more consistent with dimensional latent structure than with taxonic latent structure. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that feigned psychopathology forms a dimension (levels of fabrication or exaggeration) rather than a taxon (malingering-honest dichotomy) and that malingering is a quantitative distinction rather than a qualitative one. The theoretical and clinical practice implications of these findings are discussed.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; MMPI; Male; Malingering; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 18778160
DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.20.3.238 -
Archives of Physical Medicine and... Jul 2009To provide an empirical estimate of the prevalence of malingered disability in patients with chronic pain who have financial incentive to appear disabled.
OBJECTIVE
To provide an empirical estimate of the prevalence of malingered disability in patients with chronic pain who have financial incentive to appear disabled.
DESIGN
Retrospective review of cases.
SETTING
A private neuropsychologic clinic in a southeastern metropolitan area.
PARTICIPANTS
Consecutive patients (N=508) referred for psychologic evaluation related to chronic pain over a 10-year period (1995-2005).
INTERVENTIONS
Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Prevalence of malingering was examined using 2 published clinical diagnostic systems (Malingered Pain-Related Disability and Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction) as well as statistical estimates based on well validated indicators of malingering.
RESULTS
The prevalence of malingering in patients with chronic pain with financial incentive is between 20% and 50% depending on the diagnostic system used and the statistical model's underlying assumptions. Some factors associated with the medico-legal context such as the jurisdiction of a workers' compensation claim or attorney representation were associated with slightly higher malingering rates.
CONCLUSIONS
Malingering is present in a sizable minority of patients with pain seen for potentially compensable injuries. However, not all excess pain-related disability is a result of malingering. It is important not to diagnose malingering reflexively on the basis of limited or unreliable findings. A diagnosis of malingering should be explicitly based on a formal diagnostic system.
Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Compensation and Redress; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Male; Malingering; Pain; Prevalence; Psychometrics; Racial Groups; Retrospective Studies; Workers' Compensation
PubMed: 19577024
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.01.018 -
Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study... Jun 2004Assessment of feigned cognitive disorders is an important field of neuropsychology because of its applications to forensic settings. Strategies for detecting malingering...
Assessment of feigned cognitive disorders is an important field of neuropsychology because of its applications to forensic settings. Strategies for detecting malingering in amnesia are available for anterograde amnesia. Less attention has been given to malingering in retrograde amnesia. The case of the 'Smemorato di Collegno' (The Collegno Amnesic) is probably the most famous case of malingered retrograde amnesia ever known in Italy. In 1926, a man who appeared to have lost all his autobiographical memories and identity spent nearly a year in the Collegno asylum of Turin without a name. He was later initially identified as Giulio Canella, Director of the 'Scuola Normale di Verona' who had disappeared during the war in 1916. He was suspected of later identified as being Mario Bruneri, a petty crook from Turin who played the part of an amnesic whose retrograde memory gradually returned. A lengthy investigation was required before this conclusion was reached. Several clinicians and renowned academics evaluated the case, but only Alfredo Coppola, diagnosed "malingered retrograde amnesia" using a method that was extremely innovative for the times. The aim of the present paper is to review the original cognitive evaluation and the strategies used for malingering detection in the "Collegno case". The outcome of the case is then discussed in the light of present-day forensic neuropsychology and the level of advancement of mental examination achieved in the 1920s in Europe is highlighted.
Topics: Amnesia, Retrograde; Famous Persons; History, 20th Century; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Italy; Male; Malingering; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 15259331
DOI: 10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70144-8 -
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish... 2016The study is done to investigate the predictive variables of malingering among arrested/convicted cases and the clinical characteristics of malingerers.
OBJECTIVE
The study is done to investigate the predictive variables of malingering among arrested/convicted cases and the clinical characteristics of malingerers.
METHOD
The study includes 70 arrested/convicted male cases internalized for their treatment. Aform to collect clinical or sociodemografic data, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID I), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID II), Symptom Check-list (SCL-90-R) and Rey Memory Test (RMT) are applied. Two independent psychiatrists, without being part of the study diagnosed malingering.
RESULTS
Arrested cases reported mostly psychotic like and convicted cases mostly depression like symptoms. RMT is helpful by malingering and SCL-90-R psychotic symptom and paranoid symptom subscale scores were both correlated negatively when compared to the RMT scores by malingerers. Axis-I or Axis-II diagnosis were found out to be more predictive than other clinical variables to determine malingering.
CONCLUSION
This study indicate that clinicians have to take malingering into account especially by arrested and convicted cases applied for treatment and they have to be careful by doing the differential diagnosis. Large sample studies conducted with arrested and convicted cases and surveys by grouping cases according to the expertise and treatment services may provide additional data related to malingering.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Male; Malingering; Middle Aged; Prisoners; Psychometrics; Surveys and Questionnaires; Turkey; Young Adult
PubMed: 28046192
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Apr 2010Classification accuracy for the detection of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND) in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is examined for two selected measures from...
Classification accuracy for the detection of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND) in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is examined for two selected measures from the Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II (CPT-II) using criterion-groups validation. Individual and joint classification accuracies are presented for Omissions and Hit Reaction Time Standard Error across a range of scores comparing mild TBI malingering (n = 27), mild TBI not-malingering (n = 31), and moderate-to-severe (M/S) TBI not-malingering (n = 24) groups. At cutoffs associated with at least 95% specificity in both mild and M/S TBI, sensitivity to MND in mild TBI was 30% for Omissions, 41% for Hit Reaction Time Standard Error, and 44% using both indicators. These results support the use of the CPT-II as a reliable indicator for the detection of malingering in TBI when used as part of a comprehensive diagnostic system.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Attention; Brain Injuries; Cognition Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Malingering; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Personality Inventory; Reaction Time; Recognition, Psychology; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 19739010
DOI: 10.1080/13803390903066881 -
The Clinical Neuropsychologist Nov 1999The utility of measures for detecting malingering was evaluated using a simulation design in which half the participants were encouraged to do their best and half were...
The utility of measures for detecting malingering was evaluated using a simulation design in which half the participants were encouraged to do their best and half were asked to feign head injury. Particular attention was focused on the utility of repeated assessment (intraindividual variability) in discriminating the groups. Participants were tested on three occasions on measures commonly used to detect malingering including a specific symptom validity test (SVT). The results indicated that multiple measures of malingering obtained in single assessment (occasion one) discriminated the groups effectively. In addition, however, intraindividual variability in performance, particularly of indicators from the SVT, provided unique information beyond level of performance. The results suggest that response inconsistency across testing sessions may be a clinically useful measure for the detection of malingering.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Case-Control Studies; Cognition; Craniocerebral Trauma; Female; Humans; Male; Malingering; Neuropsychological Tests; Predictive Value of Tests; Psychometrics; Wechsler Scales
PubMed: 10806454
DOI: 10.1076/1385-4046(199911)13:04;1-Y;FT420