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Igaku Butsuri : Nihon Igaku Butsuri... 2002Mammography is becoming popular rapidly in Japan because it is now admitted as a modality for breast screening. Radiation will not cause any adverse effect if... (Review)
Review
Mammography is becoming popular rapidly in Japan because it is now admitted as a modality for breast screening. Radiation will not cause any adverse effect if mammography screening is done for women over 50 years old, every other year and by only MLO (medio-lateral oblique) view as this is recommended by the government. Radiation for one view is regulated to be less than 3mGy. Radiation by mammography may become problem if it is done for younger women, by more views (i.e. cranio-caudal, other additional views) and more often especially for follow up. Radiation may be more if the system is not adequate. In Japan mammograms are read by surgeons in many institutions and there are not enough medical physicists in each hospital. Cooperation between medical physicists, radiographers and radiologists will be necessary to achieve good quality mammography with adequate radiation.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Japan; Mammography; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Radiation Dosage; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Radiology; Workforce
PubMed: 12766283
DOI: No ID Found -
La Revue Du Praticien Dec 2013Imaging of breast cancer is multimodal. Mammography uses X-rays, the development of digital mammography has improved its quality and enabled implementations of new... (Review)
Review
Imaging of breast cancer is multimodal. Mammography uses X-rays, the development of digital mammography has improved its quality and enabled implementations of new technologies such astomosynthesis (3D mammography) or contrast-enhanced digital mammography. Ultrasound is added to mammography when there is need to improve detection in high-density breast, to characterize an image, or guide apuncture or biopsy. Breast MRI is the most sensitive imaging modality. It detects a possible tumor angiogenesis by highlighting an early and intense contrast uptake. This method has an excellent negative predictive value, but its lack of specificity (false positives) can be problematic, thus it has to be prescribed according to published standards. An imaging breast screening report must be concluded by the BI-RADS lexicon classification of the ACR and recommendations about monitoring or histological verification.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mammography; Middle Aged
PubMed: 24579332
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal de Radiologie Apr 2002Until recently, the film has remained the only medium of information in mammography. The film is used to record, to exploit, to store and to transmit the image.... (Review)
Review
Until recently, the film has remained the only medium of information in mammography. The film is used to record, to exploit, to store and to transmit the image. Computerization of images allows to dissociate and to optimize these different functions. Among classical factors of image quality (spatial resolution, contrast, noise), new factors should be added like the detective quantum efficiency and the conversion factor. Radioluminescent screens, then digital sensors for breast stereotactic imaging have been marketed. Manufacturers are now testing full field digital mammographs. Digital imaging allows many applications (computed-aided diagnostic, 3D imaging.) and permits the easy transfer of images for diagnosis and teaching. Three parts are presented in this chapter. The first one describes the different imaging modalities and gives a reminder of the different elements related to image quality. The second one is related to the practical aspects of full field mammography, the reading of mammograms on a review station, ergonomy in full field mammography and to possible changes for screening mammography. The third part is devoted to computed aided diagnosis and its possible application in screening.
Topics: Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Equipment Design; Mammography; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 12075167
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Radiology Oct 1992Mammographic technique has gone through a continuous change during the past decade with the advent of new dedicated mammographic units, new screen-film systems,... (Review)
Review
Mammographic technique has gone through a continuous change during the past decade with the advent of new dedicated mammographic units, new screen-film systems, molybdenum anode material, small focal spots, specially designed grids to reduce scattered radiation, very accurate automatic exposure control units, and so forth. The user side has also gone through many changes with the development of better ergonomics of the units, better and quicker compression, easy-to-load cassettes, advanced automatic exposure controls, and other advancements. Many of these new features have come to reality due to the screening projects going on in many countries. These projects often demand that approximately 100 patients are examined on one unit per day, and from this heavy demand, many new features have been developed. Screening has also brought patient-absorbed dose to the foreground. This concern is natural because large populations of healthy women are irradiated. In turn, this concern has made extended-cycle film development more desirable. Many new test phantoms that can be used to optimize and to maintain image quality have been developed. The large demand for throughput during screening requires very constant image quality during a single day, and week after week, making quality control a vital and critical necessity.
Topics: Female; Humans; Mammography; Radiation Dosage
PubMed: 1524970
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the National Cancer Institute Apr 2014
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Defensive Medicine; Diagnostic Errors; Early Detection of Cancer; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Malpractice; Mammography; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Primary Prevention; Uncertainty; United States
PubMed: 24685934
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju103 -
Medical Physics 1992Variations in tube output, film processing, and radiologist's preferences affect the screen-film combination that is appropriate for any particular mammographic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Variations in tube output, film processing, and radiologist's preferences affect the screen-film combination that is appropriate for any particular mammographic facility. A technique to test a variety of screen-film combinations for screening mammography is described. Films are selected for testing because of their densitometric characteristics. Dose and clinical reliability are established with phantoms before the screen-film combinations are used to image consecutive patients having bilateral examinations. The mammograms selected for evaluation are those with similar optical density ranges, and which also may be compared to available previous mammograms or which have unusual mammographic findings. All radiologists reading mammograms at a facility independently score the selected cases. Scores of "unacceptable," "acceptable," or "outstanding" are assigned to four basic imaging characteristics: sharpness, contrast, visibility of skin line, and noise. Interobserver variations by this method require normalization, unlike ROC analysis which is not applicable for this data because of the absence of proved pathologic diagnoses. The testing of 5 films and two screens using 42 patient examinations required 2 h of time from each radiologist. It took 7 h of the physicist's time to pretest the 5 films, select the 42 acceptable examinations for testing by the radiologists, and summarize the data.
Topics: Female; Humans; Mammography; Observer Variation; X-Ray Film; X-Ray Intensifying Screens
PubMed: 1435598
DOI: 10.1118/1.596793 -
JAMA Internal Medicine Feb 2015
Topics: Contraindications; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Mammography; Probability; Unnecessary Procedures
PubMed: 25438049
DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.6394 -
Meditsinskaia Tekhnika 2014
Review
Topics: Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Mammography
PubMed: 25543389
DOI: No ID Found -
Radiologic Technology 2004
Topics: Breast Implants; Female; Humans; Mammography
PubMed: 15503715
DOI: No ID Found -
Igaku Butsuri : Nihon Igaku Butsuri... 2002Mammography practiced for the detection of breast carcinomas requires an appropriate X-ray equipment which can meet the performance standard. Also it is necessary to... (Review)
Review
Mammography practiced for the detection of breast carcinomas requires an appropriate X-ray equipment which can meet the performance standard. Also it is necessary to meet the requirements for the exposure dose as well as image quality. Factors affecting the exposure dose are X ray equipment, especially target-filter combination, recording systems, compression of breast, structural characteristics of breast and etc. The current guidance for the mammography adopts 3mGy as a dose level for standard breast for a direction which is recommended by IAEA. However, the average glandular dose for the mammography was 1.5mGy according to the image evaluation survey of medical institution as of December, 2001. This figure is almost equal to the result given by the national survey conducted from 1997 to 1998. The exposure reduction depends on the technique of radiological technologists. It is needed for them to optimize affecting factors. When reducing breast thickness by at least 1cm, the exposure does can be reduced by 50%.
Topics: Female; Filtration; Humans; Mammography; Models, Theoretical; Phantoms, Imaging; Radiation Dosage; Radiographic Image Enhancement
PubMed: 12766282
DOI: No ID Found