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F1000Research 2018Effective mask ventilation is an essential skill for any practitioner engaged in airway management. Recent methods to objectively describe mask ventilation using... (Review)
Review
Effective mask ventilation is an essential skill for any practitioner engaged in airway management. Recent methods to objectively describe mask ventilation using waveform capnography help practitioners to monitor and communicate the effectiveness of mask ventilation. Gentle mask ventilation is now considered acceptable during rapid sequence induction/intubation after loss of consciousness, hence reducing the incidence of hypoxia prior to tracheal intubation. Mask ventilation can be enhanced with muscle relaxation, a double C-E grip, and jaw thrust. This is particularly relevant for patients with reduced apnoea time. An awareness of the complications associated with mask ventilation may help reduce the morbidity associated with this technique. Effective ventilation technique and optimum device selection are important aspects for resuscitation of the newborn. Teaching correct establishment and maintenance of mask ventilation is essential for safe patient care. This review will examine some of the latest developments concerning mask ventilation for adult and paediatric patients.
Topics: Adult; Airway Management; Child; Humans; Masks; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Resuscitation; Ventilation
PubMed: 30416707
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15742.1 -
Computational Intelligence and... 2022Face mask-wearing detection is of great significance for safety protection during the epidemic. Aiming at the problem of low detection accuracy due to the problems of... (Review)
Review
Face mask-wearing detection is of great significance for safety protection during the epidemic. Aiming at the problem of low detection accuracy due to the problems of occlusion, complex illumination, and density in mask-wearing detection, this paper proposes a neural network model based on the loss function and attention mechanism for mask-wearing detection in complex environments. Based on YOLOv5s, we first introduce an attention mechanism in the feature fusion process to improve feature utilization, study the effect of different attention mechanisms (CBAM, SE, and CA) on improving deep network models, and then explore the influence of different bounding box loss functions (GIoU, CIoU, and DIoU) on mask-wearing recognition. CIoU is used as the frame regression loss function to improve the positioning accuracy. By collecting 7,958 mask-wearing images and a large number of images of people without masks as a dataset and using YOLOv5s as the benchmark model, the mAP of the model proposed in the paper reached 90.96% on the validation set, which is significantly better than the traditional deep learning method. Mask-wearing detection is carried out in a real environment, and the experimental results of the proposed method can meet the daily detection requirements.
Topics: Humans; Masks; Neural Networks, Computer
PubMed: 35865498
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2452291 -
Anaesthesia Oct 2019
Topics: Cohort Studies; Humans; Laryngeal Masks; Masks; Respiration
PubMed: 31106854
DOI: 10.1111/anae.14703 -
Journal of General Internal Medicine Nov 2020
Topics: Humans; Masks
PubMed: 32909228
DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06095-4 -
Explore (New York, N.Y.) 2021
Topics: Humans; Masks
PubMed: 34244043
DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2021.06.005 -
The American Journal of the Medical... Jun 2022
Topics: Humans; Masks
PubMed: 35378096
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.03.006 -
The Ocular Surface Jan 2023In the COVID-19 period, face masks increased exponentially. Several studies suggest that the rise in ocular discomfort symptoms during the pandemic is mostly part of dry... (Review)
Review
In the COVID-19 period, face masks increased exponentially. Several studies suggest that the rise in ocular discomfort symptoms during the pandemic is mostly part of dry eye disease and that these are due to the effect of face masks, resulting in the newly described term MADE, for "mask-associated dry eye". The most commonly proposed mechanism states that wearing a face mask creates an unnatural upward airflow towards the ocular surface during expiration, although the increased temperature, humidity and levels of carbon dioxide of the exhaled air, stress, increased use of video display terminals, as well as changes in the ocular microbiota may contribute. Evidence supports that the use of face masks causes an increase in dry eye disease symptoms, a decreased tear break-up time, corneal epithelial trauma, periocular temperature changes and inflammatory markers secretion. Given that the use of masks may be frequent in some settings in the near future, it is important to establish its effects and consequences on the ocular surface.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Masks; Dry Eye Syndromes; Pandemics
PubMed: 36577463
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.12.006 -
Anaesthesia Jul 2019
Topics: Capnography; Laryngeal Masks; Respiration
PubMed: 31168811
DOI: 10.1111/anae.14712 -
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology... Apr 2022The protective face mask (PFM) has been widely used for safety purposes and, after the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, its use is growing steadily, not only among... (Review)
Review
The protective face mask (PFM) has been widely used for safety purposes and, after the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, its use is growing steadily, not only among healthcare personnel but also the general population. While the PFM is important to preserve the wearer from contaminating agents present in the airflow, they are well known to increase the subjective perception of breathing difficulty. Although some studies have demonstrated that PFM use worsens exercise tolerance, several studies state that there is no such limitation with the use of PFM. Moreover, no serious adverse effects during physical exercise have been found in the literature. Physical exercise represents a significant challenge to the human body through a series of integrated changes in function that involve most of its physiologic systems. In this respect, cardiovascular and respiratory systems provide the capacity to sustain physical tasks over extended periods. Within this scenario, both convective oxygen (O ) transport (product of arterial O content × blood flow) to the working locomotor muscles and O diffusive transport from muscle capillaries to mitochondria are of paramount importance to endurance performance. Interestingly, the effects of PFM on cardiorespiratory response during aerobic exercise depends on the type of mask and exercise (i.e., walking, running, or cycling), the ventilatory demands, arterial oxygen levels, maximal oxygen consumption and endurance performance. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the effect of protective face mask-wearing on (1) cardiorespiratory responses during aerobic exercise and (2) endurance performance.
Topics: Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Exercise; Humans; Masks; Physical Endurance; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 35090062
DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13624 -
PloS One 2022To quantify changes in adherence to mask and distancing guidelines in outdoor settings in Philadelphia, PA before and after President Trump announced he was infected...
OBJECTIVES
To quantify changes in adherence to mask and distancing guidelines in outdoor settings in Philadelphia, PA before and after President Trump announced he was infected with COVID-19.
METHODS
We used Systematic Observation of Masking Adherence and Distancing (SOMAD) to assess mask adherence in parks, playgrounds, and commercial streets in the 10 City Council districts in Philadelphia PA. We compared adherence rates between August and September 2020 and after October 2, 2020.
RESULTS
Disparities in mask adherence existed by age group, gender, and race/ethnicity, with females wearing masks correctly more often than males, seniors having higher mask use than other age groups, and Asians having higher adherence than other race/ethnicities. Correct mask use did not increase after the City released additional mask guidance in September but did after Oct 2. Incorrect mask use also decreased, but the percentage not having masks at all was unchanged.
CONCLUSIONS
Vulnerability of leadership appears to influence population behavior. Public health departments likely need more resources to effectively and persuasively communicate critical safety messages related to COVID-19 transmission.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; COVID-19; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Male; Masks; Middle Aged; Philadelphia; Physical Distancing; Public Health; SARS-CoV-2; Young Adult
PubMed: 35020749
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261398