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Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of... Jul 2020Most screening in the United States occurs in an opportunistic fashion, although organized screening occurs in some integrated health care systems. Organized colorectal... (Review)
Review
Most screening in the United States occurs in an opportunistic fashion, although organized screening occurs in some integrated health care systems. Organized colorectal cancer (CRC) screening consists of an explicit screening policy, defined target population, implementation team, health care team for clinical care delivery, quality assurance infrastructure, and method for identifying cancer outcomes. Implementation of an organized screening program offers opportunities to systematically assess the success of the program and develop interventions to address identified gaps in an effort to optimize CRC outcomes. There is evidence of that organized screening is associated with improvements in screening participation and CRC mortality.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Health Equity; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Mass Screening; United States
PubMed: 32439078
DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2020.02.002 -
Lancet (London, England) Jul 1963
Topics: Humans; Mass Screening
PubMed: 14001045
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(63)90059-x -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Aug 2014
Topics: Early Diagnosis; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Mass Screening; Optic Disk; Tonometry, Ocular; Visual Field Tests
PubMed: 25269344
DOI: No ID Found -
JAMA Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Fear; Mass Screening
PubMed: 37338897
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.7239 -
The Medical Clinics of North America Nov 1999Preventive medicine is an increasingly important area of clinical practice. Conceptually, preventive medicine involves three tasks of the clinician: screening,... (Review)
Review
Preventive medicine is an increasingly important area of clinical practice. Conceptually, preventive medicine involves three tasks of the clinician: screening, counseling, and immunization/prophylaxis. This opening article reviews some of the basic tenets underlying screening including basic epidemiologic principles, characteristics of a good screening situation, barriers to screening, and some of the potential hazards of screening.
Topics: Humans; Mass Screening; Predictive Value of Tests; Preventive Medicine; United States
PubMed: 10584597
DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7125(05)70169-3 -
Clinics in Geriatric Medicine Feb 2019Elder abuse is generally defined as the maltreatment of individuals over the age of 60, although no precise definition exists in the literature. Types of abuse include,... (Review)
Review
Elder abuse is generally defined as the maltreatment of individuals over the age of 60, although no precise definition exists in the literature. Types of abuse include, but are not limited to, psychological/emotional, physical, sexual abuse, and financial exploitation. Certain risk factors exist leaving an individual more susceptible to abuse, and many obstacles exist preventing the elimination of abuse. There are also identifiable risk factors that increase the likelihood of perpetration of abuse. This systematic review provides an overview of the scope of the problem, types of abuse, risk factors, characteristics of abusers, and key aspects of elder abuse prevention.
Topics: Aged; Elder Abuse; Humans; Mass Screening; Quality Improvement; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30390976
DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2018.08.009 -
East African Medical Journal Aug 1997
Review
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Developing Countries; Health Resources; Humans; Mass Screening; Primary Prevention
PubMed: 9487408
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Radiology Oct 2018Health screening can only be applied to populations, not individuals. For it to be effective, the initial screening test must be acceptable and reasonably accurate, the...
Health screening can only be applied to populations, not individuals. For it to be effective, the initial screening test must be acceptable and reasonably accurate, the disease must be treatable with better outcomes when treated early and the harm and cost associated with screening must not outweigh its benefits. Robust evidence is therefore required before systematic screening is implemented. Surveillance implies the testing of people at high risk of disease and is therefore distinct from screening in both scale (smaller) and intensity (greater). In both cases, however, clear information must be provided to potential participants so that they can weigh up the balance of benefit and harm before deciding on whether or not to engage in the process.
Topics: Adult; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Humans; Mass Screening
PubMed: 29589964
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180200 -
AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Jan 1997Screening for disease has become a major activity over the last few decades, and the potential for future growth is almost boundless. However, the necessity for and... (Review)
Review
Screening for disease has become a major activity over the last few decades, and the potential for future growth is almost boundless. However, the necessity for and effectiveness of screening has often been overstated with misused survival statistics. Nevertheless, screening with certain radiologic tests may provide modest benefits at acceptable costs under certain conditions. The challenge for the future is to better identify the tests, populations, and other conditions under which screening is appropriate. Various quantitative techniques for eliciting patient preferences [76] and analyzing benefits, harms, and costs over time [77-80] may help us meet this challenge.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Predictive Value of Tests; ROC Curve; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 8976910
DOI: 10.2214/ajr.168.1.8976910 -
American Family Physician Feb 2001Many patients expect to undergo screening tests for cancer. In evaluating screening procedures, physicians must take into account the known effects of lead time, length... (Review)
Review
Many patients expect to undergo screening tests for cancer. In evaluating screening procedures, physicians must take into account the known effects of lead time, length and screening biases, all of which can result in an overestimation of the benefits of screening. The gold standard by which a screening test is evaluated remains the prospective, randomized controlled trial, demonstrating reduced morbidity and mortality. The magnitude of benefit from screening is best expressed in terms of the number of patients needed to screen. This value ranges from approximately 500 to 1,100 for proven screening interventions. These concepts are illustrated by controversies in current screening recommendations for cancers of the cervix, lung, colon, breast and prostate, which together account for more than 50 percent of cancer deaths in the United States.
Topics: Bias; Ethics, Medical; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Mass Screening; Neoplasms; Program Evaluation; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; United States
PubMed: 11272300
DOI: No ID Found