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Annals of Internal Medicine Aug 2002Emergency contraception is used to prevent pregnancy after a coital act not adequately protected by a regular method of contraception. In contrast to early medical... (Review)
Review
Emergency contraception is used to prevent pregnancy after a coital act not adequately protected by a regular method of contraception. In contrast to early medical abortion, emergency contraception prevents a pregnancy from starting and does not disrupt an established pregnancy. The most commonly used approaches consist of two oral doses of contraceptive steroids. The levonorgestrel-only regimen (levonorgestrel, 0.75 mg, repeated in 12 hours) appears to be more effective and better tolerated than the Yuzpe regimen (ethinyl estradiol, 100 microg, and levonorgestrel, 0.5 mg, repeated in 12 hours). In the largest randomized, controlled trial to date, levonorgestrel prevented about 85% of pregnancies that would have occurred without its use. Hormonal emergency contraception has no known medical contraindications, although it is not indicated for suspected or confirmed pregnancy. However, if hormonal emergency contraception is inadvertently taken in early pregnancy, neither the woman nor the fetus will be harmed. Nausea and vomiting associated with the Yuzpe regimen can be reduced by prophylactic use of meclizine. A strong medical and legal case exists for making hormonal emergency contraception available over the counter, as has happened in countries other than the United States. Easier access to and wider use of emergency contraception could dramatically lower the high rates of unintended pregnancy and induced abortion in the United States.
Topics: Age Factors; Contraceptives, Postcoital; Contraceptives, Postcoital, Hormonal; Contraindications; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Drug Prescriptions; Emergencies; Female; Fetus; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Jurisprudence; Mifepristone; Nausea; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Pregnancy, Unwanted; Smoking; Time Factors; Vomiting
PubMed: 12160366
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00010 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... May 2017In this paper, three rapid, simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of meclizine hydrochloride in the presence of...
In this paper, three rapid, simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of meclizine hydrochloride in the presence of pyridoxine hydrochloride without previous separation. The methods under study are dual wavelength (DWL), ratio difference (RD) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT). On the other hand, pyridoxine hydrochloride (PYH) was determined directly at 291nm. The methods obey Beer's law in the range of (5-50μg/mL) for both compounds. All the methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines where the accuracy was found to be 98.29, 99.59, 100.42 and 100.62% for DWL, RD, CWT and PYH; respectively. Moreover the precision of the methods were calculated in terms of %RSD and it was found to be 0.545, 0.372, 1.287 and 0.759 for DWL, RD,CWT and PYH; respectively. The selectivity of the proposed methods was tested using laboratory prepared mixtures and assessed by applying the standard addition technique. So, they can be used for the routine analysis of pyridoxine hydrochloride and meclizine hydrochloride in quality-control laboratories.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Meclizine; Pyridoxine; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrophotometry; Wavelet Analysis
PubMed: 28199928
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.02.013 -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Apr 2024
Erratum: Shannonhouse et al., "Meclizine and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonists Attenuate Severe Pain and Ca Activity of Primary Sensory Neurons in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy".
PubMed: 38594070
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0541-24.2024 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jun 2020The aim of this study was to formulate an easily-administered, safe and effective dosage form loaded with meclizine for treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and...
Nanotechnology based blended chitosan-pectin hybrid for safe and efficient consolidative antiemetic and neuro-protective effect of meclizine hydrochloride in chemotherapy induced emesis.
The aim of this study was to formulate an easily-administered, safe and effective dosage form loaded with meclizine for treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) through the buccal route. CINV comprises bothersome side effects accompanying cytotoxic drugs administration in cancer patients. Meclizine was loaded in chitosan-pectin nanoparticles which were further incorporated within a buccal film. Different formulations were prepared based on a 2.3 full factorial study using Design Expert®8. The optimum formulation possessed favorable characters regarding its particle size (129 nm), entrapment efficiency (90%) and release profile. Moreover, its permeation efficiency through sheep buccal mucosa was assessed via Franz cell diffusion and confocal laser microscopy methods. Enhanced permeation was achieved compared with the free drug form. In-vivo performance was assessed using cyclophosphamide induced emesis. The proposed formulation exerted significant relief of the measured responses (reduced body weight and motor coordination, elevated emesis, anorexia, proinflammatory mediators and neurotransmitters that were also associated with scattered degenerated neurons and glial cells). The developed formulation ameliorated all behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes induced by cyclophosphamide. The obtained data were promising suggesting that our bioadhesive formulation can offer an auspicious medication for treating distressing symptoms associated with chemotherapy for cancer patients.
Topics: Administration, Buccal; Animals; Antiemetics; Antineoplastic Agents; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chitosan; Cyclophosphamide; Cytokines; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Meclizine; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Nanoparticles; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oral Mucosal Absorption; Pectins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sheep; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Tensile Strength; Vomiting
PubMed: 32423876
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119411 -
Archives of Otolaryngology--head & Neck... Jun 1999Clinical features of mal de debarquement syndrome.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Clinical features of mal de debarquement syndrome.
RESULTS
Nearly all respondents were middle-aged women (26 of 27; mean age, 49.3 years). The duration of symptoms ranged from 6 months to 10 years (mean, 3.5 years; SD, 2.5 years). The symptoms were constant in 23 (85%) patients. Neither meclizine hydrochloride nor transdermal scopolamine was helpful. Benzodiazepines were of the most benefit. Balance rehabilitation physical therapy was undertaken by 15 patients, who on average reported a small benefit.
CONCLUSIONS
More than double the number of previously reported cases of mal de debarquement syndrome were identified by this study. The syndrome usually occurs in middle-aged women following an ocean cruise. Symptoms are often refractory to vestibular suppressants as well as physical therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Disability Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motion Perception; Motion Sickness; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Syndrome
PubMed: 10367916
DOI: 10.1001/archotol.125.6.615 -
Revue Neurologique Nov 2023According to recent findings, Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1 (pgk-1) enzyme is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the PGK-1 gene lead to decreases in the pgk-1... (Review)
Review
Importance of glucose and its metabolism in neurodegenerative disorder, as well as the combination of multiple therapeutic strategies targeting α-synuclein and neuroprotection in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
According to recent findings, Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1 (pgk-1) enzyme is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the PGK-1 gene lead to decreases in the pgk-1 enzyme which causes an imbalance in the levels of energy demand and supply. An increase in glycolytic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production would help alleviate energy deficiency and sustain the acute energetic need of neurons. Neurodegeneration is caused by an imbalance or reduction in ATP levels. Recent data suggest that medications that increase glycolysis and neuroprotection can be used to treat PD. The current study focuses on treatment options for disorders associated with the pgk-1 enzyme, GLP-1, and A receptor which can be utilized to treat PD. A combination of metformin and terazosin, exenatide and meclizine, istradefylline and salbutamol treatments may benefit parkinsonism. The review also looked at potential target-specific new techniques that might assist in satisfying unfulfilled requirements in the treatment of PD.
PubMed: 38040547
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.08.011 -
Archives of Otolaryngology--head & Neck... Jan 1986Twelve healthy subjects received seven-day treatments on a randomized, double-blind, crossover basis, of a transdermal scopolamine system, oral meclizine, and placebo,... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
Twelve healthy subjects received seven-day treatments on a randomized, double-blind, crossover basis, of a transdermal scopolamine system, oral meclizine, and placebo, separated by one-week intervals. Just prior to each treatment, and on days 1 and 7 of each treatment, subjects received two warm (44 degrees C) caloric irrigations of each external auditory canal. Following each irrigation, subjects rated their vertigo symptoms. Subjects reported on their side effects daily throughout each treatment period. Vertigo symptoms on day 1 of treatment were significantly less with transdermal scopolamine than oral meclizine or placebo and on day 7 were significantly less with both scopolamine and meclizine than the placebo. On day 1, meclizine did not reduce vertigo symptoms significantly when compared with the placebo. Drowsiness was greater with use of oral meclizine than transdermal scopolamine.
Topics: Dehydration; Delayed-Action Preparations; Double-Blind Method; Ear Canal; Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Meclizine; Random Allocation; Scopolamine; Skin Absorption; Sleep Stages; Time Factors; Vertigo
PubMed: 3940518
DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1986.03780010090017 -
IScience Mar 2022Multi-step organic syntheses of various drugs, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and other pharmaceutically and agriculturally important compounds have already been... (Review)
Review
Multi-step organic syntheses of various drugs, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and other pharmaceutically and agriculturally important compounds have already been reported using flow synthesis. Compared to batch, hazardous and reactive reagents can be handled safely in flow. This review discusses the pros and cons of flow chemistry in today's scenario and recent developments in flow devices. The review majorly emphasizes on the recent developments in the flow synthesis of pharmaceutically important products in last five years including flibanserin, imatinib, buclizine, cinnarizine, cyclizine, meclizine, ribociclib, celecoxib, SC-560 and mavacoxib, efavirenz, fluconazole, melitracen HCl, rasagiline, tamsulosin, valsartan, and hydroxychloroquine. Critical steps and new development in the flow synthesis of selected compounds are also discussed.
PubMed: 35243250
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103892 -
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Dec 2014Meclizine and caffeine combination is used for the treatment of morning sickness. Both compounds are teratogenic and caffeine is known to possess anti-fertility activity...
Meclizine and caffeine combination is used for the treatment of morning sickness. Both compounds are teratogenic and caffeine is known to possess anti-fertility activity also. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the reproductive toxic effect of meclizine and caffeine combination. Three doses were taken for the study; low dose (LD; meclizine 3.7 mg/kg and caffeine 3 mg/kg) was selected from commercially available formulation, middle dose (MD; meclizine 37 mg/kg and caffeine 30 mg/kg) and high dose (HD; meclizine 370 mg/kg and caffeine 300 mg/kg). The mixture was administered 1-7 days and 8-14 days for fertility and embryotoxic studies respectively. Laparotomy was done on 10t day of gestation period. Number of implants and corpora lutea were counted, pre and post-implantation losses were determined. In embryo toxicity study fetuses were evaluated for external, skeletal and visceral examination. High dose was removed from both fertility and embryotoxicity studies due to its severe toxicity to the dam. Significant anti-fertility activity was observed at middle dose. Embryotoxicity study showed significant reduction in fetal body weight, body length and body mass index, dam body weight gain on gestation day 14. Absolute kidney weight in MD and absolute and relative spleen weight in both LD and MD were significantly reduced. There was no increase in external or internal congenital anomalies at both LD and MD. The, results suggest that prescription of meclizine and caffeine for morning sickness in early pregnancy should be reviewed carefully.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Caffeine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Eating; Embryonic Development; Female; Fertility; Fetal Weight; Gestational Age; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Kidney; Liver; Male; Meclizine; Organ Size; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Rats, Wistar; Spleen; Weight Gain
PubMed: 25651609
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Nov 1992Relative daytime drowsiness and performance impairment produced by meclizine and dimenhydrinate was assessed in 24 healthy male volunteers. Subjects received either... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
Relative daytime drowsiness and performance impairment produced by meclizine and dimenhydrinate was assessed in 24 healthy male volunteers. Subjects received either dimenhydrinate, 100 mg, at 8:00 AM, 12:00 PM, and 4:00 PM; meclizine, 50 mg, at 8:00 AM, with placebo at 12:00 PM and 4:00 PM; or placebo at all three times in this randomized, double-blind, three-way crossover study. Impairment of mental performance was assessed by choice reaction time testing and digit symbol substitution scores. Drowsiness was self-assessed on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and on a visual analog scale. Both antihistamines produced changes in digit symbol substitution, recognition time, and subjective assessments of sleepiness different from placebo. Expressed as change from baseline, the greatest reductions in digit symbol substitution scores after dimenhydrinate occurred 3 hours after the first dose (6.6 +/- 7) and were not different from the greatest measured change after meclizine (5.8 +/- 8), which occurred 9 hours after the dose was administered. Similar results were obtained with the other psychometric test scores. Self-rated sleepiness after dimenhydrinate was greatest 1 hour after the first dose, and was significantly greater than the largest degree of sleepiness after meclizine, which occurred at 7 hours after the dose. The effects of the first dose of dimenhydrinate on psychometric test scores were compared with the magnitude of the effects produced by subsequent doses. The magnitude of effect of the first dose of dimenhydrinate was significantly greater than the magnitude of effect produced by subsequent doses. The data suggest the possibility that acute tolerance to central nervous system impairment develops with multiple doses of dimenhydrinate.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Central Nervous System; Dimenhydrinate; Double-Blind Method; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Male; Meclizine; Middle Aged; Pain Measurement; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Sleep Stages; Time Factors
PubMed: 1474173
DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1992.tb03801.x