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Urology Feb 1984Three new cases of primary mediastinal seminoma are presented, and 124 other cases in the literature are reviewed. These tumors primarily affect white males in the third... (Review)
Review
Three new cases of primary mediastinal seminoma are presented, and 124 other cases in the literature are reviewed. These tumors primarily affect white males in the third decade. Chest pain is the most common symptom, but 20 per cent of the patients can be asymptomatic. Testicular atrophy occurred in only 7 patients. In one of these a testicular seminoma developed seven years after treatment of a primary mediastinal tumor. Supraclavicular adenopathies were found in 10 patients. Chest x-ray films typically show an anterior mediastinal noncalcified mass with smooth lobulated borders. Twenty-eight of 74 surgical resections attempted were successful; 13 of these received adjuvant irradiation. Of 64 cases in which radiation therapy was the primary mode of treatment, local failures occurred only in 7 cases. These tumors spread primarily by distant metastases. Theories of tumoral origin and patterns of spread are discussed. A dose of 3,000 rad in three weeks and 4,500 rad in four and one-half weeks to the mediastinum and supraclavicular areas is recommended for minimal and bulky disease. Primary mediastinal seminoma is as radiosensitive as its testicular counterpart.
Topics: Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Dysgerminoma; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Radiography
PubMed: 6364524
DOI: No ID Found -
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology Aug 2005Germ Cell Tumors (GCT) represent an important group of mediastinal tumors. Because of genetic characteristics and behavior have been divided in prepubertal and... (Review)
Review
Germ Cell Tumors (GCT) represent an important group of mediastinal tumors. Because of genetic characteristics and behavior have been divided in prepubertal and postpubertal tumors, and their origin remains controversial. The genetic changes are diverse, but the most frequent is i (12p), and can be associated to gonadal disgenesis. Histological classification is similiar to that of gonadal tumors and all histological types have been described in the mediastinum. Teratomas may undergo malignant transformation with the emergence of somatic tumors such as haematological malignancies, sarcomas, carcinomas and neurogenic tumors, and such transformation may occur in the primary site or in the metastases. Prognostic factors in mediastinal germ cell tumors include: age of the patient, histological type, distant metastases, stage, status of resection, level of serum tumor markers and proliferation markers. Immunohistochemistry is especially useful when the primary GCT is occult, to separate types of immature GCT, and to determine the lineage of malignant transformation which may be important to design treatment strategies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Prognosis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 16711404
DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2006.02.009 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Aug 2023Mediastinal Liposarcoma (ML) is an exceedingly rare neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of all liposarcomas. Surgical resection is the most effective therapeutic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mediastinal Liposarcoma (ML) is an exceedingly rare neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of all liposarcomas. Surgical resection is the most effective therapeutic modality, while adjuvant radiation therapy may be recommended for unresectable tumors.
CASE PRESENTATION
This case report presents a rare case of a 52-year-old Syrian male patient with well-differentiated mediastinal liposarcoma (ML) who presented with exertional dyspnea, cough, and weight loss. Imaging studies revealed a large tumor causing extrinsic compression on the right lung, as well as compression of the heart and great vessels. CT-guided biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of well-differentiated liposarcoma, and the patient underwent surgical resection. The patient had a rapid postoperative recovery and was discharged on the fourth day post-operation, displaying an excellent postoperative status. The patient was followed up for 3 months postoperatively with no recurrence.
CONCLUSION
This report highlights the significance of incorporating ML into the differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses, particularly in individuals presenting with exertional dyspnea and weight loss. Furthermore, this report provides a comprehensive review of previously reported cases of ML in the medical literature.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Liposarcoma; Heart; Mediastinum; Dyspnea; Lipoma
PubMed: 37649065
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04121-7 -
Cancer Oct 1981Primary mediastinal seminoma is a rare germ cell neoplasm histologically identical to testicular seminoma. Thirteen patients have been treated with definitive...
Primary mediastinal seminoma is a rare germ cell neoplasm histologically identical to testicular seminoma. Thirteen patients have been treated with definitive megavoltage radiotherapy at the Stanford University Medical Center, Division of Radiation Therapy, between 1961 and 1976. Doses ranged from 2500 rads over five weeks to 6000 rads over seven weeks. Actuarial survival at ten years is 69% with relapse-free survival of 54%. No patient receiving greater than 4700 rads to the primary lesion had local or systemic relapse. Patterns of relapse and recommendations for diagnostic evaluation are discussed. Primary megavoltage irradiation to the mediastinum and neck with a dose of 4500 to 5000 rads over five to six weeks is appropriate treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Dysgerminoma; Humans; Lymphography; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy, High-Energy
PubMed: 6793227
DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19811015)48:8<1877::aid-cncr2820480827>3.0.co;2-b -
Kokyu To Junkan. Respiration &... Oct 1985
Review
Topics: Dysgerminoma; Humans; Lymphoma; Mediastinal Cyst; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Thymoma
PubMed: 3001888
DOI: No ID Found -
Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of... Sep 2021The mediastinum contains large blood vessels, airways, and spinal cord, which are anatomically important parts of the human body because they survive by injury,...
The mediastinum contains large blood vessels, airways, and spinal cord, which are anatomically important parts of the human body because they survive by injury, obstruction, and compression, and are involved in activities of daily living( ADL). Therefore, even benign tumors have been indicated for aggressive surgical intervention. Dissection procedures from these anatomically important structures is extremely risky and difficult in reoperation for recurrence of mediastinal tumors, so careful consideration and attention must be paid to the surgical indications and methods. In this paper, we have described the points to be noted and points regarding the reoperation of mediastinal tumors with some review of the literature, including our own cases.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Humans; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Mediastinum; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Reoperation
PubMed: 34548456
DOI: No ID Found -
Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) Mar 2014
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Predictive Value of Tests; Sex Factors; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Burden; Young Adult
PubMed: 24855735
DOI: No ID Found -
The Canadian Journal of Cardiology Jun 2007Pseudocoarctation, also known as kinking or buckling of the aorta, is an uncommon anomaly. Its recognition is important, because it may be mistaken for true coarctation,...
Pseudocoarctation, also known as kinking or buckling of the aorta, is an uncommon anomaly. Its recognition is important, because it may be mistaken for true coarctation, aneurysm or mediastinal neoplasm. A case of pseudocoarctation associated with left cervical aorta is reported. The present case is unique in the demonstration of obvious tortuosity and kink formation of the cervical aorta and main branches without frank aneurysm formation. Magnetic resonance angiography as a noninvasive imaging modality was suggested for the definitive diagnosis of cervical aortic arch and its accompanying anomalies.
Topics: Aorta; Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Coarctation; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Mediastinal Neoplasms
PubMed: 17593995
DOI: 10.1016/s0828-282x(07)70232-5 -
Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle... Jan 2008Thymomas, lymphomas, and germ cell tumors are the most frequent lesions of the anterior mediastinum, whereas endodermal (bronchogenic) cysts and lymphomas are the most... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Thymomas, lymphomas, and germ cell tumors are the most frequent lesions of the anterior mediastinum, whereas endodermal (bronchogenic) cysts and lymphomas are the most frequent lesions of the middle mediastinum. In the posterior mediastinum, neurogenic tumors and soft-tissue sarcomas are the most frequent. Depending on tumor location, mediastinoscopy, mediastinotomy, and thoracoscopy are the preferred diagnostic methods. Surgical treatment of thymoma is the gold standard, and median sternotomy is the most frequently applied approach. The decisive prognostic and therapeutic criteria are Masaoka staging, WHO classification, and R0 status. Thoracoscopy should be performed only in patients with myasthenia gravis and with very small tumors. Surgical treatment is highly recommended in patients with locally recurrent tumors. The importance of surgical treatment of germ cell tumors is determined by a negative concentration of beta-HCG and alpha-fetoprotein and in cases of residual tumor after chemotherapy. Bronchogenic cysts always require resection because of their high complication rate (66%) after conservative treatment. In these cases complete resection is necessary due to the probability of recurrence. Ninety-eight percent of neurogenic tumors in adults are benign and usually resected via thoracoscopy or thoracotomy, depending on location and size.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Child; Female; Humans; Incidence; Lymphoma; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Mediastinoscopy; Mediastinum; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Prognosis; Radiography; Thoracoscopy; Thoracotomy; Thymoma; Thymus Neoplasms
PubMed: 18058077
DOI: 10.1007/s00104-007-1438-x -
The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon Apr 2009Synovial sarcoma of the mediastinum is a rare neoplasm that has overlapping histological and immunophenotypic features with other tumors in the differential diagnosis....
Synovial sarcoma of the mediastinum is a rare neoplasm that has overlapping histological and immunophenotypic features with other tumors in the differential diagnosis. We describe a case of this disease. The tumor was located at the right side of the pericardium, where an FDG-PET scan showed an uptake. It was resected, a resection which was complicated by the necessity of partially resecting the pericaridium and right middle lobe which were invaded by the tumor. The doubling time of the main tumor was 11.8 days. The margin of the resected specimen was tumor-free both macro- and microscopically. Reverse transcription-PCR confirmed the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. The patient rejected chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and had recurrent tumors only one month after the operation. Finally, she opted to have only palliative care and died 79 days after the operation.
Topics: Aged; Fatal Outcome; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; Palliative Care; Positron-Emission Tomography; Sarcoma, Synovial; Thoracotomy; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Refusal
PubMed: 19330763
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955886